Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier s’il existe une méthode de récolte d’informations, autre que celle couramment utilisée, permettant de mieux décrire l’histoire naturelle des lombalgies non spécifiques. Pour cela, une revue de la littérature a été effectuée et une étude prospective dans la population générale danoise a été analysée. Deux méthodes de récolte d’informations sont utilisées pour caractériser cette évolution : la méthode usuelle par questionnaires, permettant de classer les douleurs lombaires en fonction du nombre total de jours avec douleurs dans une année, et une nouvelle méthode par suivi SMS prenant en compte la durée et le rythme des épisodes douloureux dans une année. Les résultats de la revue de littérature et l’analyse de la population générale danoise vont dans le même sens. L’évolution des douleurs lombaires est relativement stable, notamment pour ceux qui n’ont pas de douleurs en début d’étude. Les deux systèmes de classification, issus respectivement des deux méthodes de récolte, répartissent les individus en groupes non similaires. De plus, les associations de ces groupes avec des variables biopsychosociales ne sont pas les mêmes, différenciant ainsi cliniquement les groupes de chaque classification. Le suivi SMS permet d’apporter des informations plus détaillées sur le rythme des douleurs lombaires dans le temps et semble plus appropriée pour caractériser l’évolution d’une affection récurrente comme la lombalgie non spécifique. Ces résultats permettent maintenant de prévoir l’évolution des douleurs lombaires et vont faciliter l’étude plus précise de profils d’évolutions des individus afin d’améliorer le diagnostic qui, pour l’instant, reste un diagnostic d’exclusion. / The aim of this thesis is to study if there is information gathering method, other than that commonly used to better describe the natural history of non-specific low back pain. For this, a literature review was performed and a prospective study in the Danish general population was analyzed. Two methods of gathering information are used to characterize this course: the usual method by questionnaires, classifying low back pain based on the total number of days with pain in one year, and a new SMS-Track method taking into account the duration and rhythm of painful episodes in a year. The results of the literature review and analysis of data on the Danish general population go in the same direction. The course of low back pain is fairly stable, especially for those who do not have pain at baseline. Both classification systems, respectively from the two methods of collection, divide individuals into different groups. In addition, associations of these groups with bio-psychosocial variables are not the same, differentiating clinically the groups of each classification. SMS-Track method provide more detailed information on the rhythm of low back pain over time and seems more appropriate to characterize the course of a recurring condition such as non-specific low back pain. These results now predict the natural history of low back pain and will facilitate the study of individual course patterns to improve the diagnosis, which remains, for now, a diagnosis of exclusion.

O trauma pélvico apresenta alta morbi-mortalidade, especialmente nos casos de dupla ruptura do anel pélvico (AP), devido à hemorragia. O objetivo deste trabalho é observar o tempo transcorrido até a realização do tratamento endovascular (TE), a sua eficácia e a estratégia de exames complementares empregado. 53 pacientes com fratura de bacia póstraumática foram submetidos a embolização arterial num estudo retro e prospectivo, realizado no período de janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2005. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 93 e 17 anos, com média de 37,5 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino, com cerca de 62,2%. A causa do trauma mais freqüente foi o acidente de moto em 36% dos casos. Predominaram as fraturas com dupla ruptura do AP em 71,6 % dos casos. 49 pacientes apresentavam instabilidade hemodinâmica, e desses, todos receberam derivados sanguíneos previamente à realização do TE. Neste estudo 38,7% (n = 19) dos pacientes instáveis foram submetidos ao exame de tomografia computadorizada (TC) antes do TE, o tempo médio desse grupo para atingir a sala de radiologia vascular foi de 230,45 minutos. Nos pacientes enviados diretamente à arteriografia com intenção terapêutica, o tempo médio até início da realização do tratamento foi de 146,77 minutos. A diferença entre as taxas de mortalidade precoce nos grupos de pacientes submetidos ou não a TC previamente ao TE foi de 5,63%. O choque hemorrágico foi à causa de óbito em 63,33% dos pacientes que apresentaram mortalidade precoce. Na conduta inicial desses pacientes preconiza-se realizar o menor número de intervenções até o controle da hemorragia. O tempo transcorrido até a chegada na sala de radiologia vascular é fator importante no prognóstico dos pacientes com fraturas hemorrágicas da bacia. O TE precoce é uma importante ferramenta nos pacientes hemodinamicamente instáveis inicialmente / Pelvic trauma presents high morbi-mortality specially in cases of double rupture of pelvic ring due to hemorrhages. The objective of this work is to observe the time period since the rupture till the execution of endovascular treatment (ET) as well as the effectiveness and strategy for the used complementary exam. 53 patients with pos-traumatic pelvic fracture were submitted to arterial embolization during retro and prospective study. Such study was executed during the period of January 2000 to December 2005. The age of the patients varied between 17 and 93 years old, average 37.5 year old and predominantly men at about 62.2% of the cases. The most frequent cause of the traumas, 36%, was motorcycle accident. Predominantly fractures with double rupture of the pelvic ring, that is 71.6% of the cases. 49 patients presented hemodynamic instability, all of them received blood derivatives previously to the ET execution. In this study 38.7% (n=19) of the unstable patients were submitted to computerized tomography exam (CT) before the ET. The average period of time for this group to reach the room of vascular radiology was 230.45 min. For patients sent straight to arteriography with therapeutic intention, the average period time was 146.77 min. The difference, between the early mortality rate of the group undertaken or not to the CT previously to the ET, was 5.63%. The hemorrhagic shock was the cause of death in 63.33% patients, who presented early mortality. For the initial on going study of these patients, we recommend to accomplish the least number of interventions until hemorrhage is controlled. The elapsed time till the arrival at the vascular radiology room is an important factor to make prognosis about patients with hemorrhagic pelvic fractures. The early ET is an important tool for patients with hemodynamic instability

Abstract The findings on depression and anxiety among brain tumor patients have so far been based on case series and case samples. In Finland, psychiatric research in relation to psychiatric symptoms among patients with different types of brain tumors is lacking. The study population of this thesis consisted of 101 patients (39 males and 62 females) aged between 20 and 82 years with a solitary primary brain tumor treated surgically at the Oulu Clinic for Neurosurgery, Oulu University Hospital between February 1990 and March 1992. The major histological subgroup consisted of gliomas (40%), and the rest were meningiomas (33%), acoustic neurinomas (13%), pituitary adenomas (8%) and other types (6%). The psychiatric symptoms of the patients were assessed at three time points, namely before tumor operation as well as at three months and at one year after operation by two valid measurement instruments, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Crown Crisp Experiential Index. In addition, the patients' functional state was evaluated by the Karnofsky Performance Scale and their quality of life according to Sintonen 15 D. Prevalence of at least mild depression before tumor operation was 30% for males and 38% for females. The mean depressive scores decreased significantly for up to one-year during follow-up for both males and females, but they remained notably high in all patients. Decreased functional status (KPS under 70) in the patients was significantly associated with high depressive scores at all measurement points. The decrease in the mean depressive scores was significant among patients with an anterior tumor and those with a pituitary adenoma. Five-year survival of the brain tumor patients was found to be mainly associated with the histology of the tumor. Survival time in months (SD) of the patients with high-grade (III–IV) gliomas was shown to be 22.5 (21.4), while it was 50.2 (19.9) for the patients with low-grade (I–II) gliomas, and 58.2 (9.4) for the rest of the patients. Depression among low-grade glioma patients was significantly associated with worse survival at five years follow-up. The level of anxiety was shown to be significantly higher among patients with a primary brain tumor in the right hemisphere compared to the anxiety scores among patients with left hemispheric tumors. A significant increase was found in the level of obsessionality over time in the female patients with a brain tumor in the left anterior location of the brain at three months after operation. The level of quality of life (QOL) was significantly worse among female brain tumor patients compared to males. Depressive females had significantly lower quality of life compared to that of non-depressive females up to one-year follow-up after surgical operation of the tumor. Depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms have to be recognized and be treated by psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy as soon as possible at every unit where brain tumor patients are followed and encountered.

Zum Thema der Weisheitszahnentfernung existieren zahlreiche Publikationen überwiegend aus dem universitären Umfeld, von denen ein Großteil retrospektiv erhoben wurde. Prospektive Studien hingegen, die sich mit den Komplikationen der ambulanten Weisheitszahnentfernung einschließlich des postoperativen Heilungsverlaufs in der niedergelassenen mund-, kiefer- und gesichtschirurgischen Praxis befassen sind äußerst selten. In dieser prospektiven Studie wurden 330 Patienten im Zeitraum von November 2002 bis Juni 2005 in einer Gemeinschaftspraxis für Mund-, Kiefer und Gesichtschirurgie in Leipzig operiert und nachuntersucht, bei denen zusammen 1005 obere und untere Weisheitszähne entfernt wurden. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit lag auf der Identifikation von Merkmalen und operativen Maßnahmen, die das Risiko typischer intra- und postoperativer Komplikationen, die Dauer eines Eingriffes sowie das postoperative follow up unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Patientenalters beeinflussen. Weisheitszahnentfernungen in einem Alter unter 18 Jahren korrelierten mit stärkerer postoperativer Schwellung, Kieferklemme und Schmerzempfindung sowie erhöhtem Risiko einer Wundheilungsstörung. Insbesondere aus der Germektomie resultierten lange OP-Zeiten. Sowohl chirurgische Komplexität als auch begleitende Komplikationen stiegen ab einem Alter von 25 Jahren an. Daher empfehlen wir unter Abwägung von chirurgischem Schwierigkeitsgrad, aber auch der bereits dargelegten Begleitfaktoren ein Alter zwischen 18 und 24 Jahren als günstigsten Zeitpunkt für die Entfernung dritter Molaren.:1 Einleitung und Literaturübersicht 1 2 Ziel- und Fragestellungen 11 3 Patienten und Methoden 12 3.1 Patientenauswahl 12 3.2 Datenerfassung 12 3.2.1 Allgemeine Befunde 13 3.2.2 Radiologische Befunde 13 3.2.3 Bildung von Altersgruppen 13 3.3 Klassifikationskriterien 13 3.4 Entfernungsgründe 15 3.5 Prä- und postoperativ durchgeführte Untersuchungen 15 3.5.1 Messung der Wangendicke 15 3.5.2 Mundöffnung 16 3.5.3 Mundhygienestatus 16 3.6 Vorbereitung und Aufklärung 17 3.7 Anästhesieverfahren 17 3.7.1 Lokalanästhesie 17 3.7.2 Allgemeinanästhesie in Verbindung mit Lokalanästhesie 17 3.8 Operatives Vorgehen 17 3.8.1 Entfernung durch Extraktion 17 3.8.2 Entfernung durch Osteotomie 18 3.8.3 Versorgung der Wunde 18 3.9 Intraoperative Komplikationen 18 3.10 Postoperative Instruktionen 19 3.11 Nachsorgeuntersuchungen 19 3.11.1 Postoperative Schmerzen und Analgetikakonsum 19 3.11.2 Sensibilitätsstörung 19 3.11.3 Postoperative Komplikationen 20 3.12 Statistische Methoden 21 4 Ergebnisse 22 4.1 Patientenklientel 22 4.1.1 Begleiterkrankungen 22 4.1.2 Überweiserstruktur 23 4.1.3 Erteilte Behandlungsaufträge 23 4.2 Operationsindikation 24 4.2.1 Altersspezifischer chirurgischer Handlungsbedarf 25 4.3 Einflüsse auf die OP-Dauer 26 4.4 Nervschädigung 28 4.4.1 Traumatisierung des N. alveolaris inferior 28 4.4.2 Traumatisierung des N. lingualis 28 4.5 Eröffnung der Kieferhöhle 29 4.6 Wurzelfrakturen 31 4.7 Sonstige intraoperative Komplikationen 32 4.8 Störung der Wundheilung 32 4.9 Postoperative Wangenschwellung 35 4.10 Postoperative Einschränkung der maximalen Mundöffnung 36 4.11 Postoperatives Schmerzempfinden 38 4.12 Postoperativer Analgetikakonsum 40 5 Diskussion der Ergebnisse 42 5.1 Patientenklientel 42 5.2 Operationsindikationen 42 5.3 Einflüsse auf die OP-Dauer 45 5.4 Traumatisierung des N. alveolaris inferior 46 5.5 Traumatisierung des N. lingualis 46 5.6 Eröffnung der Kieferhöhle 47 5.7 Wurzelfraktur 48 5.8 Störung der Wundheilung 49 5.9 Schwellung und Kieferklemme 52 5.10 Schmerzempfinden und Analgetikakonsum 54 5.11 Beantwortung der Fragestellungen 56 6 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 59 7 Literaturverzeichnis 61 8 Anhang I

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Background Affective disorders are poorly defined and studied in sub-Saharan Africa despite their substantial public health impact. Objectives Overall objective: To describe the epidemiology of selected affective disorders in rural Ethiopia. Specific objectives 1. To describe the validity and utility of the concept of minor depressive disorder (mD). 2. To describe the manifestation, prevalence and the short-term clinical and functional course and outcome of bipolar disorder. Subjects and methods Population: Zay community residents (age ≥16), and residents of Butajira (ages 15-49), in Southern Ethiopia. Study design: Population-based cross-sectional and longitudinal studies Case identification: For the identification of cases with bipolar disorder, a two stage process was employed. An initial screen used key informants and interview with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to identify cases with probable bipolar disorder. A second confirmatory diagnostic assessment stage employed the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN). For the identification of cases with mD, data from the CIDI was used. Follow-up: 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira were followed up for a mean of 2.5 years (ranging 1-4 years) through monthly clinical assessments and annual symptom and functional ratings. Results The CIDI was administered to 1714 adults among the Zay and to 68, 378 adults among the Butajira residents. The prevalence of mD among the Zay and Butajira was 20.5% and 2.2% respectively. Up to 80% of cases with mD had used services for their symptoms, while a third to a half of cases had thought about self harm. Up to a sixth of cases had attempted suicide. Age, marital status, education and somatic symptoms were independently associated with mD. The prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay was 1.8%. During a 2.5-year follow-up of 312 cases with bipolar disorder from Butajira, 65.9% relapsed (47.8% manic, 44.3% depressive and 7.7% mixed episodes) while 31.1% experienced persistent illness. Female gender predicted depressive relapse whereas male gender predicted manic relapse. Only being on psychotropic medication predicted remission (OR=3.42; 95% CI=1.82, 6.45). Disability was much worse among bipolar patients than in the general population and was predicted by symptom se3verity. Conclusions This is the largest study on mD and bipolar disorder in Africa. mD appears to have potential clinical utility in this setting given its association with service use and risk. The identified risk factors for mD also suggest potential aetiological continuity with major depression. The relatively high prevalence of bipolar disorder among the Zay may be related to genetic predisposition perhaps mediated through a founder effect, but other factors need exploring. In relation to the outcome of bipolar disorder, this study indicates that, contrary to previous assumptions, the course of bipolar disorder is characterised by both manic and depressive relapses in a relatively proportionate fashion. Bipolar disorder also leads to significant levels of disability. This is the only prospective outcome study of bipolar disorder in Africa where cases were monitored systematically at short assessment intervals. Therefore, findings are likely to be more robust than previous reports.

Objectives: To determine risk factors of incident onset of use, abuse and dependence of cannabis in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Methods: Risk factors were examined in a prospective longitudinal design across 4 years in a representative sample (N=2446) aged 14-24 at the outset of the study (EDSP). Patterns of DSM-IV defined cannabis use, abuse and dependence were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Potential risk factors were assessed at baseline. Incident cannabis use, abuse and dependence at second follow-up (on average 42 months after baseline) were the main outcome measures in this study. Associations were analyzed with logistic and negative binomial regressions. Results: Using 11 of a total of 56 variables examined, the predictive value of the final multiple logistic regression for incident cannabis use was moderately good (area under the ROC curve=0.78). Cannabis use frequency was predicted in the final model by 18 variables, cannabis abuse by two variables in the younger subsample and nine factors in the older group, and dependence by eight variables (dependence: ROC curve area=0.97). Incident cannabis use was predicted mainly by availability of drugs, peers’ drug use, a more ‘positive’ attitude towards future drug use, and regular previous use of licit drugs, while cannabis dependence was predicted primarily by parental death before age 15, deprived socio-economic status, and baseline use of other illicit drugs. Conclusion: Different factors predict the onset or severity of cannabis use and the progression to abuse and dependence. In addition to well-documented risk factors such as peer group pressure, drug availability, and low self-esteem, findings suggest that family history (e.g. parental mental disorders, early parental death), and prior experiences with legal drugs play a significant role in the initiation of cannabis consumption and the transition to cannabis use disorders in adolescents and young adults. Findings suggest that early intervention and prevention might be improved by better targeted treatment.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Individual and environmental risk factors in hand eczema have been investigated in a prospective cohort study of 2452 newly employed hospital workers with a follow-up time of 20 months. Current hand eczema was analyzed in 142 wet hospital workers from this cohort with respect to the etiologic importance of irritants, allergens and contact urticants. The density of the microflora and the effect on the microflora of topical treatment with a potent corticosteroid were studied in 20 patients with hand eczema. ’Wet’ hospital work was found to increase the odds of developing hand eczema only twice compared to 'dry' office work. Nursing children under four years old and the lack of a dish-washing machine significantly increased the risk of contracting hand eczema. Unfavourable combinations of these domestic factors increased the risk as much as wet work. A history of atopic dermatitis approximately tripled the odds both in wet as well as in dry work. Histories of earlier hand eczema (HHE), metal dermatitis (HMD) and of atopy were analyzed as risk factors for hand eczema in 1857 women in wet work. HHE increased the odds by a factor of 12.9 and created a subdivision of the population into high risk individuals and normal risk individuals. HHE was found in half of the subjects with atopic dermatitis, in one quarter of the subjects with atopic mucosal symptoms and in one fifth of the non-atopics. A HMD increased the odds by a factor of 1.8. This increase was seen as a high risk level in subjects with HHE and as a normal risk level in subjects with no HHE. A history of atopic disease as a complement to information about HHE and HMD increased the odds by another 1.3 times. The predicted probability of developing hand eczema ranged from 91 % in subjects with a combination of HHE, HMD and atopy to 24% in subjects with none of these risk factors. Subjects with AD were found to suffer a more severe form of hand eczema with significantly higher figures for medical consultation, sick- leave, termination due to hand eczema, early debut, permanent symtoms and vesicular lesions. Amongst the patients investigated for current hand eczema high risk individuals were overrepresented. It was claimed in 92.3% of the cases that trivial irritant factors had elicited the current episodes of hand eczema. In 35% of the cases the exposure to the irritant took place largely at home. Although contact sensitivity and contact urticaria were fairly common, they mostly seemed to be of minor importance in the etiology of the current hand eczema. Staphylococcus aureus colonized eczematous lesions of the hands in 18/20 patients. The density exceeded 105 colony forming units/cm2 in 15/20 patients. Only three of these patients showed signs of clinical infection. Successful topical treatment with a potent corticosteroid significantly reduced the colonization of S. aureus. / <p>Härtill 4 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Diseases of chinchilla were studied through the review of necropsy reports of 202 postmortem examination carried out in this species from January 1997 to December 2011. One hundred and eighty nine of these necropsies (93.5%) had a conclusive diagnosis and in 13 (6.5%) a conclusive diagnosis was not reached due either absence of lesions or advanced autolysis. One hundred and sixty two (80%) of the necropsied chinchilla were females and 37 (18%) were males and the sex was not recorded in four cases (2%). Ages of necropsied chinchillas varied from one day to 12-years-old. The encountered diseases were grouped in the following categories: inflammatory diseases, diseases caused by intoxications, diseases caused by physical agents, metabolic diseases, parasitism, degenerative diseases, circulatory disturbances, developmental disorders and other disorders . Inflammatory diseases were the most prevalent (52 cases [25.7%]) and included gastritis (10 cases), necrotizing enteritis (6 cases), septicemia (5 cases), listeriosis (5 cases), bacterial bronchopneumonia (4 cases), pyometra (4 cases), diarrhea associated with Proteus sp. (3 cases), subcutaneous and lymph node abscesses (2 cases), endometritis (2 cases), otitis (2 cases), pyelonephritis (2 cases), abscesses in hepatic the round ligament (1 cases), fibrinous pneumonia (1 case), interstitial pneumonia (1 case), hepatitis and cholecystitis associated with Salmonella sp. (1 case), pulmonary histiocytosis (1 case), lymphohistiocytic miositis (1 case), and dermatophytosis by Trichopyton mentagrophytes (1 case). The second most prevalent group of diseases was that caused by intoxications (22,3% of the cases) including 45 cases of intoxication by salinomycin. Diseases caused by physical agents (21 cases [10.4%]) included trauma cases caused by other animals (8 cases), self mutilation secondary to intramuscular injection (8 7 cases), rectal prolapsed (3 cases) and dystocia (2 cases). Metabolic diseases were represented by 16 cases (7.9%) of hepatic lipidosis. Parasitic diseases were represented by 8 cases (4%) flea (4 cases) lice (4 cases) infestations and one case o giardiasis. Five cases (2.5%). Degenerative diseases (5 cases or 2,5%) included two cases of chronic renal failure, one case of scattered hepatocellular necrosis and one case of muscle necrosis of unknown origin. Circulatory disturbances included two cases (0.99%) of congestive heart failure. Neoplasms were represented by two cases (0.99%) of gastric adenocarcinoma. Developmental disorders included one (0,5%) case of atresia ani associated with polycystic kidneys and absence of reproductive tract and large intestine. Thirty eight cases (18.8%) did not fit in any of the above categories and were placed as other disorders . In this category dental disease was the most commonly (8 cases or 9%) diagnosed disorder, followed by 14 cases of hyperthermia, tow cases of anemia, two cases of fat metaplasia of adrenal cortex and two cases of mucometra. / As doenças de chinchilas foram estudadas através da avaliação de laudos de necropsia entre janeiro de 1997 e dezembro de 2011. Em 202 chinchilas necropsiadas, 189 (93,5%) tiveram o diagnóstico determinado, e 13 (6,5%) tiveram diagnóstico inconclusivo, por ausência de lesões ou autólise acentuada. Dentre as 202 chinchilas computadas, 162 eram fêmeas (80%), 37 eram machos (18%), e em quatro chinchilas (2%) o sexo não foi anotado. As chinchilas tinham entre um dia a 12 anos de idade. As doenças foram agrupadas nas seguintes categorias: doenças inflamatórias, doenças causadas por intoxicações, doenças causadas por agentes físicos, doenças metabólicas, doenças parasitárias, doenças degenerativas, distúrbios circulatórios, neoplasmas, distúrbios do desenvolvimento e outros distúrbios . As doenças inflamatórias foram as mais prevalentes (52 casos [25,7%]) e foram representadas por casos de gastrite (10 casos), enterite necrosante (6 casos), septicemia (5 casos), listeriose (5 casos), broncopneumonia bacteriana (4 casos), piometra (4 casos), diarreia com isolamento de Proteus sp. (3 casos), abscessos subcutâneos e em linfonodos (2 casos), endometrite (2 casos), otite (2 casos), pielonefrite (2 casos), abscesso do ligamento redondo do fígado (1 caso), pneumonia fibrinosa (1 caso), pneumonia intersticial (1 caso), hepatite e colecistite com isolamento de Salmonella sp. (1 caso), histiocitose pulmonar (1 caso), miosite linfo-histiocítica (1 caso) e um caso de dermatofitose (Trichopyton mentagrophytes). O segundo grupo de doenças mais prevalentes foram as intoxicações (22,3%), representado por 45 casos de intoxicação por salinomicina. As doenças causadas por agentes físicos (21 casos [10,4%]) incluíam casos de traumas causados por outros animais (8 casos), automutilação 5 após injeção intramuscular (8 casos), prolapso de reto (3 casos) e parto distócico (2 casos). A categoria de doenças metabólicas foi representada por 16 casos (7,9%) de lipidose hepática. As doenças parasitárias (8 casos [4%]) consistiram em infestação por pulga (4 casos), piolho (3 casos) e giardíase (1 caso). Doenças degenerativas (5 casos [2,5%]) incluíam insuficiência renal crônica (2 casos), necrose aleatória de hepatócitos (1 caso) e necrose muscular de origem desconhecida (1 caso). Os distúrbios circulatórios incluíram dois casos (0,99%) de insuficiência cardíaca congestiva. Neoplasmas foram representados por dois casos (0,99%) de adenocarcinoma gástrico. Um caso de atresia ani, associado a ausência do trato reprodutor, intestino grosso e rins policísticos representou a categoria de distúrbios do desenvolvimento (0,5%). Algumas doenças não se enquadraram nas categorias acima e foram enquadradas em outros distúrbios (38 casos [18,8%]). Nesta categoria, doenças dentárias foi o distúrbio mais comum, diagnosticado em 9% (18 de 202) de todas as chinchilas examinadas. Seguido por casos de hipertermia (14 casos), dois casos de anemia, dois casos de metaplasia de células adiposas do córtex da adrenal, e dois casos de mucometra.