Som en följd av samhällets utveckling väljer företag idag att periodvis hyra in personal från bemanningsföretag för att kunna klara av de nya krav som ställs. Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra det psykiska välbefinnandet hos arbetstagare i två olika anställningsformer i relation till den upplevda psykosociala arbetsmiljön. För att besvara syftet konstruerades en enkät som delades ut till två olika grupper av arbetstagare som arbetade på samma företag dock med olika förutsättningar. Hälften var inhyrda medan den andra hälften var direkt anställda av företaget. Totalt delades 78 enkäter ut och svarsfrekvensen blev 59 procent. Resultatet visade, trots skillnader i svarsfrekvens mellan urvalsgrupperna, att de inhyrda arbetstagarna hade ett högre psykiskt välbefinnande än de som var direkt anställda av företaget. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön upplevdes något sämre av de arbetstagare som var inhyrda av företaget. När de olika psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorerna sattes i förhållande till varandra, var kontroll den faktor som de båda urvalsgrupperna upplevde lägst nivå av, högst nivå upplevdes det sociala stödet ha. Resultatet visade även på en signifikansnivå under 0.05 gällande anställningsform och det psykiska välbefinnandet, det fanns även ett signifikant samband mellan det psykiska välbefinnandet och upplevelsen av de psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorerna. Det fanns dock inget signifikant samband mellan anställningsform och upplevelsen av de psykosociala arbetsmiljöfaktorerna.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det fanns skillnader i hur ungdomar mellan 16-18 år i storstäder, städer och landsbygd uppfattade sitt psykiska välbefinnande samt se om resultatet gällde för båda könen. Datamaterialet till studien samlades in av Statistiska Centralbyrån under åren 2000-2003.

This study examined the significance of perceived parent and teacher support for autonomy and responsiveness, along with perceptions of democratic social organization, in the development of conceptions of children’s rights. Relations between these family and school environments and adolescents’ psychological well-being were also examined and a contrast between urban and rural settings within mainland China was included. Current findings suggest that Chinese adolescents display patterns of children’s rights attitudes similar to those found in Western settings. Different possible pathways of family and school environmental impact on children’s rights attitudes are found and explored. Current findings support psychological models that propose that the promotion of autonomy and responsiveness is critical to adolescents’ psychological well-being across cultures. Moreover, these findings provide strong evidence that features of democratic environments (e.g., mutual respect between parents and children, opportunities for children to express their opinions, shared decision making) are relevant to people in non-Western cultures.

This study examined the significance of perceived parent and teacher support for autonomy and responsiveness, along with perceptions of democratic social organization, in the development of conceptions of children’s rights. Relations between these family and school environments and adolescents’ psychological well-being were also examined and a contrast between urban and rural settings within mainland China was included. Current findings suggest that Chinese adolescents display patterns of children’s rights attitudes similar to those found in Western settings. Different possible pathways of family and school environmental impact on children’s rights attitudes are found and explored. Current findings support psychological models that propose that the promotion of autonomy and responsiveness is critical to adolescents’ psychological well-being across cultures. Moreover, these findings provide strong evidence that features of democratic environments (e.g., mutual respect between parents and children, opportunities for children to express their opinions, shared decision making) are relevant to people in non-Western cultures.

Introduction: Cancer survivors continue to experience psychological distress and challenges in their daily lives long after the completion of treatment. Caregivers play a pivotal role in the lives of cancer survivors by providing support in various domains of their lives. The cancer experience between support persons and cancer survivors is intertwined. The interdependence theory will serve as a theoretical framework to guide the purposes of this study. Objective:The purpose of this research was to gain a better understanding of unmet needs of caregivers supporting long-term cancer survivors and explore how fulfilling the needs of caregivers influenced the psychological well-being of cancer survivors. Specifically, an emphasis was placed on exploring the level of dependence present in marital relationships, and how this impacted the relationship between caregiver unmet needs and the psychological outcomes of cancer survivors. Method: Data was drawn from The Cancer Support Persons’ Unmet Needs Survey (SPUNS) (Campbell et al., 2009) and The Cancer Survivors’ Unmet Needs Survey (SUNS) (Campbell et al., 2009). Regression models tested for significant interactions between caregiver unmet needs and factors influencing survivor dependence with psychological distress in cancer survivors. Results: Findings revealed main effects between caregivers’ depression, anxiety, and stress with the respective psychological outcomes in cancer survivors. Caregivers’ concerns about the future predicted elevated depression in cancer survivors. Caregivers with needs pertaining to information or emotions predicted higher anxiety in cancer survivors. Information needs, future concerns, and health care access and continuity needs of caregivers predicted higher survivor stress. Conversely, work and financial needs of caregivers predicted lower depression, anxiety and stress in cancer survivors. Significant interactions were found for caregivers’ concerns about the future by recurrence of diagnosis with decreased survivor anxiety, health care needs of support persons by recurrence of illness with increased survivor anxiety, caregivers’ personal needs by severity of illness with higher survivor anxiety, support persons’ emotional needs by severity of illness with lower survivor anxiety, caregivers’ emotional needs by severity of illness and decreased survivor stress, and finally, support persons’ health care needs by severity of illness with higher survivor stress. Conclusion: Findings did not fully support the hypotheses of this present study. Nonetheless, the significant results revealed in the findings would be useful to generate alternative hypotheses in future studies regarding interdependence, unmet needs and psychological well-being. The findings for the present study will also provide direction towards improvement in treating caregivers and cancer patients as a conglomerate, and inform programs, services and policies in cancer care.

Self-reported mental health problems have increased dramatically among young female high school (Swedish: gymnasium) and university students in Sweden since the 1990’s. The reasons for this increase are mostly unknown but self-esteem and body image might be important factors behind this problem. The aim of this study was to test whether self-esteem and body dissatisfaction predict health. All correlation directions were in accordance with previous studies on the subject. There was no age group difference in levels of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction or health among the women. Multiple regression analysis revealed that global self-esteem was the strongest single predictor of health. These results give support for the importance of global self-esteem for subjective health. This should be considered in future studies and in the battle against the development of depression, anxiety and eating disorders among women.

The purpose of the current study is to investigate how global and local thinking styles affect psychological well-being among undergraduate students. A total of 372 (213 females and 159 males) students at Middle East Technical University participated in this study. The qualitative data were gathered via self-report questionnaires including Scales of Psychological Well-Being, Thinking Styles Inventory and a demographic information form. To be able to determine the differences between psychological well-being due to global thinking and local thinking scores as well as gender, ANOVA was held. The results revealed a significant difference between high and low scorers of local thinking in terms of psychological well-being when the global thinking style was low. In addition, the findings indicated that for higher levels of psychological well-being individuals need to adopt one of the styles and report higher levels on that adopted style. On the other hand, the statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between high scorers of global thinking and low scorers of global thinking on psychological well-being. Additionally, no significant difference found between high scorers and low scorers of local thinking in terms of psychological well-being. Upon the examination of gender related findings, it was found that females reported higher levels of psychological well-being compared to males while males reported higher levels of global thinking than females did.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the path of perceived parenting styles, emotion recognition, emotion regulation, and psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms consequently. For the purpose of this study 530 adults (402 female, 128 male) between the ages of 18 and 36 (M = 22.09, SD = 2.78) participated in the current study. The data was collected by a questionnaire battery including a Demographic Category Sheet, Short-EMBU (Egna Minnen Betraffande Uppfostran- My Memories of Upbringing), &ldquo / Reading the Mind in the Eyes&rdquo / Test (Revised), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Processes, Beck Depression Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory, White Bear Suppression Inventory, Thought-Action Fusion Scale, and Emotional Approach Coping Scale. The psychometric properties of Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Emotion Regulation Processes were investigated and found to have good validity and reliability characteristics. The three sets of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to reveal the significant associates of psychological well-being. As expected, the results of the current study revealed that perceived parenting styles, different emotion regulation strategies and processes had associated with psychological well-being in terms of depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder and social anxiety symptoms. The findings, and their implications with suggestions for future research and practice, were discussed in the light of relevant literature.

This study was designed to examine the relationships of multiple types of domestic victimization (i.e., physical, psychological, sexual, and economic violence) to women&rsquo / s marital adjustment and psychological well-being, together with their socio-demographic characteristics and attachment, marital coping, and social support aspects. Altogether 524 married women provided data on domestic violence (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale), economic violence (Economic Violence Index), attachment (couples version of Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised), marital coping (Marital Coping Inventory), social support (Social Support Index), dyadic adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale), psychological well-being (Brief Symptom Inventory), as well as demographic information. Results appeared to indicate a general tendency that women who have arranged marriages, more children, low education, low educated husbands, no or low income, and/or women who have more income compared to their husbands report higher levels of multiple types of domestic violence. Furthermore, the findings indicated that multiple types of domestic violence account for significant variances in marital adjustment and psychological well-being of married women, even after controlling for their attachment dimensions, marital coping strategies, and social support from different support groups. The findings were discussed in accordance with the relevant literature, and their implications for clinical practices and future studies were suggested.

Objective. This study examined the factors associated with higher levels of paternal involvement among low-income, nonresidential, Black fathers. Method. Participants were 110 fathers of children up to the age of 10. Participants completed psychometrically sound measures of social support, spirituality, family of origin relationships, coparenting relationship quality, psychological well-being, motivation, conviction history, resilience, and father involvement. Results. A simultaneous multiple regression indicated that better psychological well-being and coparenting relationship quality and lower conviction rates since the birth of the child were significant predictors of higher levels of paternal involvement. Mediational analysis revealed that coparenting relationship quality partially mediated the relationship between psychological well-being and paternal involvement. Moderation analysis showed that social support moderated the relationship between psychological well-being and paternal involvement. Conclusions. This study provided evidence that several factors are related to higher levels of paternal involvement, specifically higher quality coparenting relationships and psychological well-being, more parenting-specific support from influential individuals, lower conviction rates since the birth of the child, and higher levels of resilience. The present study also illustrated the importance of examining disadvantaged fathers' strengths as targets for future interventions. Implications. Clinicians, social workers, program directors, and other individuals working with low-income, nonresidential, Black fathers should educate their clients on the factors associated with higher levels of paternal involvement as well as provide necessary resources to aid fathers to become more involved with their children.