The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) has proven a reliable and valid assessment procedure with incarcerated, adult, white offenders. We investigated the psychometric properties, factor structure, and evidence of validity for a modified version of the PCL-R in a sample of 130 incarcerated, black and white, adolescent offenders. These young offenders, arrested for felony offenses, typically had long criminal careers before being committed to the training school in which the study took place. / Interrater reliability and internal consistency were high for the modified version of the PCL-R, which was completed with file information only, without interviews. Coefficients of congruence revealed that the data did not greatly differ from the two-factor solution found for other populations. Significant differences with regard to race were not found for reliability, factor structure, or the distribution of psychopathy scores. / PCL-R scores related to psychometric measures and behavioral indicators of maladjustment similar to how they do in adult populations. How the PCL-R relates to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was not adequately answered. Subjects rated high in psychopathy were free from confinement for a shorter period of time before receiving new referrals for law violations. This relationship was particularly true for violent re-offenses. / The construct of psychopathy appears to be applicable to both black and white adolescent offenders; the current study provides evidence of reliability and validity for the PCL-R in this population. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 54-09, Section: B, page: 4908. / Major Professor: Wallace A. Kennedy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1993.

This study examined the effect of a postural echo delivered contingent upon selected behaviors and its influence upon a subject's preference on nonsense syllables and objects. The relationship of subject awareness, physiological reactions, and gender differences in reaction to postural echo were also examined. / Pilot studies were conducted to produce five nonsense syllables and five common objects with equal probability of being chosen in the experimental studies. / Sixty male and 60 female subjects were randomly chosen out of a representative sample of undergraduate communication courses and randomly assigned to experimenters for the studies. / Experimental Study #1 exposed subjects to five nonsense syllables for multiple thirty second time periods. Unknown to subjects, one of the five nonsense syllables was accompanied by a postural echo. Experimental Study #2 exposed subjects to five objects for single sixty second time periods. Unknown to the subjects, one of the five objects was accompanied by a postural echo. / Heart rate of subjects was monitored and recorded throughout the experimental studies. / Results showed that a contingent postural echo had no significant effects on subject preferences in dyadic communication. Postural echo operated below the level of awareness and did not exhibit the strength expected from a conditioned reinforcer. Postural echo appears to derive its strength from conversation and the interpersonal interaction but as a technique, in and of itself, postural echo is of questionable value. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-08, Section: A, page: 2305. / Major Professor: James C. Moore. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

This study explored the relationship between learned helplessness, perceived family functioning and perceived family health among substance dependent and non-substance dependent adolescent males. A convenience sample of 51 substance dependent adolescents and 55 non-substance dependent adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 participated in this exploratory study. The three questionnaires and a demographic sheet were administered and collected during a one-time visit with each adolescent sample. The tests of the major hypotheses were found to be consistent with the intergenerational theories of family dysfunction. The findings indicated that among the substance dependent sample there was a significant relationship between the variables of learned helplessness, perceived family functioning and perceived family health. The findings further indicated that the substance dependent sample perceived themselves as more helpless, and perceived their families as less functional, as well as less healthy than the non-substance dependent sample. The results and their implications are discussed in the final chapter. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-10, Section: B, page: 4808. / Major Professor: Murray Krantz. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

This ex post facto co-relational study focused on the relationship between differentiation of self and perception of health in the family of origin and marital intimacy and fusion in the present marital relationship, in a non-clinical sample of 250 married couples. Couples were matched (high, medium, low) or mismatched with respect to their perception of the family of origin experience. Two matching criteria were used, one based on past perception (PERHEL) and the second on present perception (INTERGEN) of family of origin experience. The independent variable investigated was the perception of differentiation in the family of origin. The dependent variables assessed were spousal fusion and intimacy in the family of procreation. One dependent measure of fusion (PAFS) and two dependent measures of intimacy (PAFS and PAIR) in the marital relationship were considered. / Hypothesis 1 which predicted that couples "matched" with respect to level of differentiation, irrespective of the level of match, would enjoy greater marital intimacy and hypotheses 2 which predicted less discrepancy between perceived and expected marital intimacy scores for matched compared to mismatched couples, were not supported. / There was considerable support for hypotheses 3 and 4. Couples matched at high levels of differentiation (INTERGEN) reported greater intimacy than couples matched at medium and low levels of differentiation and medium matched couples showed greater intimacy than low matched couples. In hypothesis 4, couples matched at high levels of differentiation (PERHEL and INTERGEN) reported less fusion than couples matched at medium and low levels of differentiation and medium matched couples showed less fusion than low matched couples. / Lastly, Bowen's (1978) suggestion, that since individuals seek marital partners at similar levels of differentiation, their perceptions of the family of origin experience would be similar, was supported. / Other findings included significant correlations between antecedent (FOS, PAFS) and consequent (PAFS, PAIR) measures. / Results were discussed with respect to the method employed, future research and family therapy. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-03, Section: A, page: 0801. / Major Professor: Murray Krantz. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1988.

This thesis utilizes the theories of Carl Jung and Joseph Campbell to demonstrate that the participant in a myth undergoes vicariously a transformation of consciousness. I discuss and clarify the role of archetypes and symbols; the meaning and function of myth; and the three stages to the hero's journey; namely, departure, initiation, and return. I demonstrate how these stages, as well as the shadow, anima, animus, and self archetypes are active in four myths. These myths are The Epic of Gilgamesh, Bhagavad Gita, Owein, and Star Wars. I hope to have made contributions in three particular ways. The first is by clarifying Jung's concept of the collective unconscious and the archetype. I hope to have described them and demonstrated their usefulness to a step beyond what has been hitherto written. The second is the demonstration of the three-stage journey repeating itself at three different levels. Campbell does not refer to these multi-stage journeys in his analysis of the hero myth. The protagonist in mythic tales participates in a physical, then an intellectual, and finally a spiritual stage of transformation. Lastly, I explain how participation in myth can clear the mind of the participant and lead to greater awareness. Myths promote inner growth through the use of symbols. They clarify reality and guide one to become aware of reality. Specifically, the psychological method is demonstrated to be the most useful for clarifying the archetypal images found in myth. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-09, Section: A, page: 3066. / Major Professor: David A. Darst. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

This study investigated the neuropsychological basis for the attention style of the Type A behavior pattern. The purpose of the study was to determine if there were differential hemispheric/perceptual responses between Type A and Type B subjects when confronted with a visual discrimination task. Subjects were right-handed, undergraduate, male students who were divided into Type A and Type B groups of 27 subjects per group according to scores on the Jenkins Activity survey Form T. / The study had two independent variables of behavior type (A-B) and hemisphere (left-right), and there were six levels of the stimulus condition. Dependent measures of response time (msec) and correctness of response were regarded as indirect measurements of left and right hemisphere processing. The stimuli were composed of large letters (global) constructed from small letters (local) and presented for 130 msec on a computer screen in the left and right visual fields of the subjects. The subjects responded by pressing a computer key "YES" (target present) or "NO" (target absent). / The study failed to show any significant Type A-B differences. A 2$\times$2 ANOVA with six repeated measures was used to analyze the response time data. The overall ANOVA failed to reveal any significant results in the main effects or interactions, but the analysis did show significant differences in the six repeated measures. An A-posteriori ANOVA of data from conditions with the target present showed significance in the repeated measures and the hemispheres. / The study concluded that strong evidence was presented that there is no significant difference between Type A's and Type B's with regard to hemispheric/perceptual processing, and that Type A-B differences must occur at higher levels of cognitive processing. The findings gave credence to the importance of cognitive restructuring as an appropriate intervention for the prevention and treatment of negative psychophysiological effects associated with Type A behavior. Finally, the study demonstrated a creative use of the computer for research in Counseling and Rehabilitation Psychology. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-08, Section: B, page: 3718. / Major Professor: Gary W. Peterson. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

The effectiveness of a concentrational training technique in enhancing attentional skills related to the tennis service and as a means of reducing sport competition anxiety in advanced tennis players was investigated. The effects of attentional training on the performance of a tennis serving accuracy task was also observed. Subjects were male and female, advanced tennis playing youth and adults (N = 24, 13-44 years old). Experimental and control group subjects were pretested and twice posttested on the Tennis-Test of Attention and Interpersonal Styles (T-TAIS), the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), and a service accuracy task. A concentration training intervention based on meditational procedures, but made tennis-specific, was introduced to the experimental group between the first and second posttest. The intervention was employed for two weeks (28 sessions maximum). / It was hypothesized that the experimental group would significantly improve their concentrational focus skills, lower their sport competition anxiety, and improve on the serving task when compared to the control group. Results of 2 x 3 ANOVAs (2 groups x 3 repeated measures) did not support the hypothesis. That is, tennis athletes in the experimental condition did not improve their tennis attentional focus skills, service accuracy, or lower competitive A-trait when compared to the control group. / An attentional training questionnaire was given to the experimental tennis subjects to analyze their perceptions of the effectiveness of the cognitive technique. In conflict with the ANOVA analyses, 75% of the trained subjects reported that the concentration training technique helped their tennis game. Implications of findings in this investigation indicate that the proposed benefits of cognitive attentional training interventions should not be proclaimed or disclaimed until further research in this area has been performed. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-12, Section: A, page: 3654. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1988.

The purpose of this study was to examine the personality characteristics of male smokeless tobacco users. The study objective was to determine any differences in personality characteristics between smokeless tobacco users, former users of smokeless tobacco, and non-users of tobacco. An additional comparison was made between cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco users. A survey in the Houston, Texas vicinity provided a sample of 724 males, 202 smokeless tobacco users, 22 former smokeless tobacco users, 200 non-tobacco users, and 100 cigarette smokers. Each subject was administered a smokeless tobacco questionnaire, the Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale. The results of the study indicated that smokeless tobacco use is primarily a white male phenomenon; few black or other racial groups consumed smokeless tobacco amoung their population. Significant (p $<$ 0.05) personality differences were found between non-users of tobacco and smokeless tobacco users. Cigarette smokers reported experiencing more stress, but are less sociable, optimistic and impulsive compared to the smokeless tobacco users. Practical implications and future research considerations are suggested. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-07, Section: B, page: 3606. / Major Professor: Wallace A. Kennedy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

The purpose of this study was to determine if significant positive relationships existed between types of extra-curricular involvement and areas of student development. The study's population consisted of campus leaders (identified as presidents of registered student organizations) at two southeastern universities: The Florida State University and The University of Florida. / Both organizational involvement (measured by the Extracurricular Involvement Index (EII)) and nonorganizational involvement (measured by the Student Activities Survey (SAS)) were assessed, along with gender and residence status, as independent variables. Three areas of student development were assessed using the Student Development Tasks and Lifestyle Inventory (SDTLI). These developmental areas which served as dependent variables were Establishing and Clarifying Purpose (PUR), Developing Mature Interpersonal Relationships (MIR), and Academic Autonomy (AA). / Pearson product moment correlations and multiple regression were used to test the research questions proposed. When grouped by institution, correlational analysis determined that significant positive relationships existed between EII, SAS and PUR among the participants from both schools. EII was significantly correlated with MIR among FSU participants, but not among the UF leaders. Neither EII or SAS were found to be significantly correlated with AA at FSU or UF. / Multiple regression was applied to determine if EII, SAS, or a combined value of both (EII-SAS), better predicted areas of development. Only the significant F values of EII, SAS, and EII-SAS, when analyzed with PUR among UF participants, were at levels needed to be determined predictors. Within this group, a higher proportion of the variance of PUR was accounted for by EII-SAS than by EII and SAS individually. / When gender and residence variables were added to the analysis, these variables generally negatively effected the findings of the original analyses. / The conclusions drawn from this study suggest a need for additional research into the specific effects that extracurricular involvement has on holistic development. Such information would be helpful to higher educational professionals in determining programs which best benefit college students. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-12, Section: A, page: 4036. / Major Professor: John S. Waggaman. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

<p> Approximately 20-30% of single American women have been involved with a married man during the course of their lifetime (Lindquist &amp; Negy, 2005; Oala, 2008; Perel, 2017; Richardson, 1988). Infidelity in Western society is perceived in a pejorative manner, and women are often negatively judged for their engagement in an extramarital affair. However, the prevalence of single women becoming involved with married men has increased in the 21^st century. This study sought to understand the lived experience of "the other woman" in contemporary Western society. By investigating woman's experiences through Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis this study aspired to contribute to clinical psychology in an effort toward destigmatization of women, and to provide a better understanding for the rationale as to why single women enter and remain in relationships with married men. Furthermore, this research sought to illuminate the shadow effects on the "the other woman's" psyche, to examine "the other woman's" desire to feel loved and appreciated in order to decrease vulnerability, and to explore "the other woman's" sense of self throughout an extramarital affair. </p><p>