The present study examined the impact of gender and sex-role orientation on therapy effectiveness. Previous research suggested that same-sex pairings and androgynous therapists would be most desirable. Interviewers (therapists) were 25 male and 15 female third-year doctoral psychology students, each interviewing a male and a female undergraduate student (client). Results did not support the hypothesis that gender and sex role were powerful predictors of therapy effectiveness. However, this study did find that therapist self-rated interpersonal competency and accurate self-perception predicted therapy effectiveness for female clients. Therapists' consistency in using various parameters (techniques) of therapy was related to client perceived effectiveness. Opposite-sex pairings were less likely to result in momentary feelings of discomfort during initial interviews.

This diploma thesis deals with the silence between the psychotherapist and the client in individual psychotherapy. The study is mainly concerned with the importance of the silence during the process of psychotherapy, especially with the content and the benefit of the silence. In the first part of this thesis the main theoretic recourses which are necessary for understanding the second part of this study are discussed. Particularly this part is engaged in the silence, the psychotherapy, the interpersonal relationship and therapeutic relationship. In this part there is also specified the silence in the interpersonal relationship and the silence between the psychotherapist and the client. The second part of this thesis at first introduces the results of the qualitative research. This research approaches the occurrence and the characteristic of the silence in individual psychotherapy and its relation to the therapeutic relationship by processing of semistructured dialogues with the psychotherapists. This second part also contains the results of the participation of the responsibility for the quality of the silence, the influence of the silence on the result of the psychotherapy and also brings the manual of the successful work with the silence in psychotherapy.

This study investigates affect coding within the therapeutic relationship, by exploring the client's and therapist's perception of the relationship and the facial and vocal affect expressed by both parties. A sample of 14 therapy sessions each having 1800 data points was collected. The Working Alliance Inventory Short Form (WAI-S) and Real Relationship Inventory (RRI) were completed after each recorded session. The participants were therapists and clients at a university counseling center in South Florida. Data were analyzed using one-tailed t tests, descriptive statistics, scores from RRI and the WAI-S and percentages of negative, neutral and positive affect. Statistically significant relationships were found between seconds of therapist negative affect (t(13)= -2.065, p. <.05) and seconds of therapist neutral affect (t(13)= -1.959, p. <.05) for clients who dropped out of therapy. The seconds of negative affect coded for clients (t(13) = -1.396, p. >.05) was approaching statistical significance for clients who drop out of therapy. This study provides theoretical and empirical support for linking the presence of facial affect in the first session and its effects on the therapeutic relationship and thus client retention or drop out. The clinical implications of these findings are also discussed. / by Ashley J. Luedke. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Na psicologia analítica o desenvolvimento da discussão sobre a natureza da imagem, suas manifestações e aplicações clínicas manifesta-se, primeiramente, na reflexão teórica e, posteriormente, na identificação de práticas clínicas que refletem a operacionalização e a constante atualização desses postulados. Esse estudo busca identificar no exercício da psicoterapia de que modo diferentes profissionais dialogam com as questões teóricas e as transformam em práticas clínicas efetivas, validando, operacionalizando e enriquecendo as mesmas. Investigou-se a evolução da questão da imagem na psicologia analítica sob quatro aspectos: o desenvolvimento do conceito de imagem nas três principais vertentes da psicologia analítica - clássica, desenvolvimentista e arquetípica -; a operacionalização e a atualização dessa discussão na prática clínica de terapeutas junguianos; a formação do psicoterapeuta e a capacitação para o trabalho clínico com imagens; e a viabilidade de uma psicologia pautada por imagens. Mediante a discussão teórica identificou-se questões que, agrupadas em seis eixos temáticos, serviram como base para a interlocução com psicoterapeutas de orientação junguiana. Realizaram-se seis entrevistas que foram analisadas qualitativamente. Os resultados indicam que a questão da imagem vem sendo atualizada e ampliada. Destacaram-se, entre outros, os aspectos funcionais da imagem e seu potencial clínico, a tendência da abordagem imagética não interpretativa da imagem, as peculiaridades e dificuldades do processo de formação do psicoterapeuta e a possibilidade de metaforização da reflexão em psicologia. / The development of the discussion about the nature of image in Analytical Psychology, its manifestations and its clinical applications manifest firstly in theoretical reflection and subsequently in the identification of clinical practices that reflect the execution and the constant updating of three principles. This present study aims to identify in psychotherapy how different professionals interchange ideas with theoretical issues and transform them into effective clinical practices, validating, executing and enriching them. The evolution of image in Analytical Psychology has been categorized under four aspects: the development of the concept of image in the three main schools of Analytical Psychology - Classical, Developmental and Archetypal, the execution and the updating of this discussion obtained at clinical practices of Jungian therapists, the professional development of psychotherapists and their training for clinical work using images and the viability of a psychology based on images. Through theoretical discussion, some issues have been identified and grouped into six thematic axis which have served as basis for the interlocution with Jungian psychotherapists. Six interviews have been conducted and analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the image issue has been updated and amplified. Functional aspects of image and its clinical potential, the tendency of a non-interpretative imagetic approach, the peculiarities and difficulties found in the psychotherapists' development process and the possibility of building metaphors for reflection in psychology among others have been highlighted in this study.

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the content and extent of psychotherapy patients’ disclosures to their spouses or significant others about their experiences in therapy, the perceived impact of disclosure about therapy on the spousal relationship, and its perceived impact on the therapeutic relationship and on treatment satisfaction. Adult psychotherapy patients (N = 84) in individual treatment, who identified themselves as either married or in a significant romantic relationship completed the Disclosure About Therapy Inventory – Revised (DATI-R; Khurgin-Bott & Farber, 2014), a revision of the Disclosure About Therapy Inventory (see Khurgin-Bott & Farber, 2011). This 52-question survey was designed to explore the extent and content of patients’ disclosures to their therapists, and the extent and content of their disclosures about therapy to their spouses or significant others (“partners”). The DATI-R also includes three outcome measures: the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS; Busby, Christensen, Crand, & Larson, 1995) measures the quality of participants’ relationships with their partners, the Working Alliance Inventory – Short Revised (WAI-SR; Hatcher & Gillaspy, 2006) assesses the quality of their relationships (alliances) with their therapists, and the outcome items of the Disclosure to Therapist Inventory-III (DTI-III) assess their satisfaction with their treatment. Findings indicate that overall, patients were very disclosing to their therapists and moderately disclosing to their partners about their therapy. No demographic variables (including gender, marital status, duration of psychotherapy, and duration of marriage/relationship) were significantly associated with or predictive of the extent of patients’ self-disclosure about therapy. A significant positive association was found between the extent of disclosure to partners about therapy and the extent of self-disclosure to therapists. Greater extent of disclosure about therapy to partners was also associated with better quality of therapeutic alliances and with higher relationship satisfaction (with partners). Additionally, the quality of therapeutic alliances was strongly predictive of better treatment outcomes. These findings suggest that married (or coupled) patients in individual psychotherapy may benefit from the open discussion of their experiences in therapy with their spouses or significant others, or at least that such openness is characteristic of patients in satisfactory relationships (both therapeutic and marital). These findings are discussed in the context of the methodological limitations of the current study and the particular characteristics of the sample, and clinical implications and directions for future research are explored.

Background: Sexual abuse is a highly distressing traumatic experience that negatively affects the lives of sexual abuse survivors. The number of individuals who reported sexual abuse has increased, which makes it a public and global concern. As a result, survivors of sexual abuse turn to counselling to cope with the traumatic impacts. Counsellors, psychotherapists, and psychologists engage in deep and meaningful explorations of the sexual abuse in order to support survivors. However, very little is known about the impacts and coping strategies involved in this type of work. Objectives: The objective of this study, therefore, was to explore the experiences of UK-based counselling professionals who counsel survivors of sexual abuse. The research questions were as follows: 1. What is the impact of counselling survivors of sexual abuse? and 2. What self-care strategies and coping techniques have been beneficial when counselling survivors of sexual abuse? Method: An inductive qualitative design was used for the purposes of this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve UK-based counselling professionals who provided counselling to individuals who had experienced sexual abuse. The collected data were then analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: The themes developed from the first research question revealed a number of ways in which counselling survivors of sexual abuse affected counselling professionals. Three main themes emerged from the data analysis: work-related impacts, impacts on personal wellbeing and relationship impacts. These themes encompassed a total of fourteen sub-themes. Another two main themes were developed when exploring participants' self-care techniques and coping strategies: holistic self-care and work environment selfcare. Both of these main themes incorporated twelve more sub-themes. These are introduced and outlined in depth in turn. Conclusions: This research has provided a unique insight into the impacts and coping strategies of UK-based counselling professionals working with survivors of sexual abuse. The findings suggest that the counsellors experienced a number of negative impacts, some of which were perceived as traumatic in nature. Further, the impacts were not limited to the counsellors themselves; partners, children, extended family, and friends were also affected by the work. Such far-reaching impacts of sexual trauma have not been sufficiently explored previously. Contrary to the negative tendencies expressed in the research literature, some of the findings indicate positive aspects, such as high job satisfaction and evolved personal growth. The findings of this study provide a rare insight into the useful self-care techniques and copings strategies specific for counselling survivors of sexual abuse. Although the strategies are similar to those used in other areas of counselling, they emphasize organisational and educational responsibilities to support counsellors' wellbeing. Suggestions are proposed for research, educational, organisational, and ethical developments.

The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that female clients who tend to terminate therapy prematurely will have been assigned to a male therapist. The study also tested the hypothesis that female clients who defect from therapy will have reported a history of low self-disclosure to individuals of the same sex as their therapist. Neither hypothesis was supported by the results of this study, but findings suggest a possible bias in the manner by which male and female therapists select their clients for therapy. It also appears that female defectors may be over-identifying with their family of origin or that they may be overly dependent on it as a resource system. This may be the reason for their apparent difficulty in developing a prototype that will accommodate their therapist.

The informal breach of client confidentiality by psychologists was discussed in relation to various issues in professionalism and professional ethics, both in general and in the South African context. lnformal breaches of client confidentiality were identified as a common by under researched form of ethical malpractice, and nominated as the dependent variable in this study. Different emphases in ethical education were discussed in relation to various theories of moral thinking and moral action (particularly the 'levels' theory of moral thinking of R.M. Hare), and identified as an independent variable for the empirical portion of the study. A second independent variable, of countertransference responses by psychologists to clients, was also identified and discussed. A purpose-developed postal questionnaire was administered to a sample of South African clinical, counselling, and educational psychologists to assess the incidence of informal breaches of confidentiality in a South African sample, as well as the relationship between the variables. Although a high incidence of informal breaches of confidentiality was reported by the sample, and indirect support for Hare's levels theory of moral thinking found, the results did not demonstrate a significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1998.

No description available.

Despite the substantial research illustrating the positive effects of physical activity on mental health, there are few studies examining the role of exercise in psychotherapy. This study examined factors associated with psychotherapists addressing physical activity with their clients. To examine this relationship, psychotherapists (N=118) completed questionnaires assessing theoretical orientation and mind-body dualism attitudes. Participants rated the likelihood they would address exercise with a client described in a case vignette and results indicated high rates of addressing physical activity with this client. The hypothesis that cognitive/behavioural and psychodymanic/psychoanalytic approaches would correlate with addressing exercise was not supported. Unpredicted relationships between exercise discussion and the humanistic/existential and constructivist/narrative/solution-focused orientations were found. The hypothesis that mind-body dualism attitudes would negatively correlate with the likelihood of addressing exercise was also not supported; however, this may be due to weak measurement of the mind-body dualism construct. / Counselling Psychology