D.Ed. / The aim of this research is to explore affective, historical, social and educational factors that led to poor management or the break-down in school management due to local interest group structures in the Kathorus area. In order to achieve the designated goal the following aspects will be investigated: the opinion of members of variotis local interest group organisational structures regarding the role of school management in Kathorus; the level of commitment of these structures in school management/administration to achieve the culture of teaching and learning; identification of a suitable, practical strategy for overcoming the problems caused by the local interest group organisational structures at schools and local levels.

Magister Legum - LLM

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 igor_aragao_brilhante_resumo_sumario.pdf: 575896 bytes, checksum: 9ccca5066f7a230a01729f64392eea70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-10 / The notion of inalienability of public interest has traditionally served to justify the obligation of the public advocate, in claims filed against the State, uncritically exhausted the means of opposition proceedings. This work aims to demonstrate the unsustainability of this paradigm of thoughtless procedural resistance, revealing the fragility of its theoretical foundations and the increasing adverse effects of its practice. It will be demonstrated that, often, it is not the judicial contesting that performs the best public interest. There will be a particular analysis of how certain bureaucratic disfunctions have been functioned as an instrument of manutency of the traditional profile of public advocates's performance. Finally, will be presented and analysed institutional improvements that would eliminate or reduce the excesses that still mark the position of the Executive Branch as judicial defendant / A noção de indisponibilidade do interesse público tem servido tradicionalmente para justificar a obrigatoriedade de o advogado público, nas demandas ajuizadas contra o Estado, exaurir acriticamente os meios de oposição processual ao seu alcance. Este trabalho visa a demonstrar a insustentabilidade desse paradigma de resistência processual irrefletida, desnudando a fragilidade de seus fundamentos teóricos e os crescentes efeitos nocivos de sua prática. Demonstrar-se-á que, muita vez, é a não resistência processual que realiza o melhor interesse público. Haverá também a particular análise de como certas disfunções burocráticas têm sido determinantes para a manutenção do perfil tradicional de atuação da Advocacia Pública. Por fim, serão apresentados e postos à prova os aperfeiçoamentos institucionais que eliminariam ou reduziriam os excessos que ainda marcam a postura da Fazenda Pública em juízo

Design/Build education in architecture schools is growing in popularity across North America. I have researched the development of this movement, particularly as it has influenced educational programs. This paper begins with a review of the history of design/build at the University level. These historical precedents chart the course of several major benchmarks that have influenced design/build in the United States over the past 100 years. The second part of the study features a matrix highlighting seven current academic programs with long-term success in design/build. Then, I highlight my own design/build experiences within this format. After determining successful design/build programming, I used this information to develop a new curriculum. To test this new system, I led the development and realization of a local design/build project involving a Five College undergraduate team. This small-scale project was chosen in January and the physical build occurred in March, 2015. Completion of this project allowed for a critical analysis of this new method. This paper compares my results with the initial definition of program successes in an attempt to determine best practices for design/build curriculum moving forward.

This master´s thesis deals with a legal regulation of expropriation for construction of traffic infrastructure. Basic related terms such as ownership, property, a building, public works etc. are defined in the first part. The second part deals with the historic development of expropriation. The third part discusses the purposes and aims of expropriation, the term “public interest” and harmony of the aims and tasks of zoning. A special part is devoted to the expropriating proceedings, the principles of the expropriating proceedings, the participants of the proceedings etc. The last part deals with the possibility of expropriation for the purpose of construction of traffic infrastructure and the specifics related to this issue.

This diploma thesis deals with expert activities, which are following the connection with expropriation process. The work is divided into three parts, each of them is targeted by specification and contant. First are analyzed the basic related concepts of this thesis, the continuence of expropriation process and historical background of expropriation. Attention is also paid to the protection and limitation of proprietary rights. The second part deals with expert activity and status in the expropriation process. The final part of the thesis is a purely practical one. The content is related to the creation of a practice expert judgement for expropriation purpose, from which describe its structure.

"It is against this backdrop of unsatisfacotry enforcement of fundamental human rights enshrined in the Constitution that the role of human rights NGOs in Ethiopia should come to the fore. Thus, apart from monitoring violations and conducting legal awareness programs, there is a need for human rights NGOs in Ethiopia to engage in public interest litigation with a view to facilitating the judical enforcement of fundamental rights representing those who, for various reasons, can not access courts. A number of reasons could be provided to justify why the South African system has been chosen for a lesson to Ethiopia. One reason could be the legal framework put in place to address issues of acces to justice in South Africa. Standing is a crucial question in any venture of public interest litigation. Section 38(d) of the South African Constitution entitles anyone acting in the public interest to approach a competent court and seek remedies when they feel that a fundamental right is infringed or threatened. This very liberal approach to standing is not common in many legal systems. For countries like Ethiopia where there is an extremely tight requirement of standing to institute civil proceedings in courts, such a liberal approach could be an inspiration. In addition to the guarantees given by the Constitution, in South Africa there exists a relatively advanced and dynamic system of subsidiary legislation that could facilitate the full utilisation of the constitutionally recognised rights of access to justice. More relevant to this dissertation are the human rights NGOs in South Africa that are engaged in human rights lawyering in general and public interest litigation in particular. Much could be learnt from the experiences of prominent human rights NGOs such as the Legal Resources Centre and Lawyers for Human Rights. In all, Ethiopia, where the activities of human rights NGOs have not yet gone further than the monitoring of violations and fragmented attempts of awareness raising campaigns, could indeed draw lessons from the South African experience in this regard. ... The study has five chapters. The first chapter deals with introductory matters such as objective, methodology and literature survey. In the second chapter, a working definition of the concept of public interest litigation, the rationale behind it, issues such as access to justice and locus standi will be discussed. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of public interest litigation as employed in different legal systems. With a view to providing a broad perspective to the practice the cases of France, the United States and Canada are presented. However, the chapter will focus more on the Indian and South African systems, mainly because of the nature of the problems public interest litigation addresses in the two countries. There will be a fourth chapter dedicated to the examination of the existing legal and institutional framework in Ethiopia in light of the background presented in the previous chapters. The fifth chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendations aimed at pointing out the major lessons to be drawn to introduce public interest litigation in Ethiopia." -- Introduction. / Prepared under the supervision of Professor JR de Ville at the Community Law Centre, Faculty of Law, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2005. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

Mountain climbing is a leisure activity being performed mainly in a natural environment. In our country can be found preponderance of convenient places for doing this kind of sport in the Specially Protected Areas. The basic legal regulation governing the performance of climbing in the Czech republic is the Act of Nature and Landscape Protection. This paper investigates opinions of Administration of Protected landscape Areas employees on climbers and on mountain climbing generally. It also investigates possible effects of mountain climbing according to the view of particular employees. For this investigation I have chosen a qualitative strategy of sociological research.

The goal of this thesis is to examine the term of public interest within the framework of the 'shale gas' issue in the Czech Republic. The theoretical section is divided into two basic parts. The first part defines the term public interest from the point of view of political science, sociology and economy. The second one describes the issue of shale gas extraction in global context. The examination is focused on the context of administrative procedures defining the prospecting exploration area of unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Trutnov region and around the Berounka River The intention of private companies to extract shale gas in the Czech Republic caused a big discussion. In its core there is the dispute between the economic development of the country connected with energy security on one hand and the environment protection on the other. Within this debate the term public interest appears in many different contexts. The way it is used by the people involved and their interests are described through interviews with them and analysis of the gained material.

Cette thèse porte sur le rôle des avocats d’intérêt public dans les procès que les paysans intentent pour défendre leur droit au logement en Chine. Concernant les avocats d’intérêt public en Chine, deux figures sont valorisées dans cette thèse : l’avocat gouvernemental travaillant comme médiateur et l’avocat libéral travaillant comme acteur social. Le premier type d’avocat se compose de deux sous-groupes : les avocats recrutés comme fonctionnaires par le gouvernement local et les avocats libéraux sollicités provisoirement par le gouvernement local dans certaines affaires. Le deuxième type est également divisé en deux groupes : les avocats militants dans les grands cabinets et les avocats des petits cabinets. Dans sa dimension historique (chapitre 1), Cette profession s’inscrit dans la culture confucianiste de l’Empire - même si elle subit aussi l’influence de l’implantation juridique occidentale depuis la fin du XIXe siècle. Le concept occidental d’avocat a été introduit par le régime chinois de la dynastie de Qing de façon « top-down », et ce concept s’est superposé à la tradition du « Songshi ». Ces deux courants composent le fond sur lequel s’est construite la profession d’avocat chinois en se concentrant d’abord dans la région maritime du sud-ouest, surtout dans les grandes villes comme Shanghai et Canton. Dans les régions continentales, l’image de l’avocat reste encore fortement influencée par la tradition du « Songshi ». A partir de l’instauration de la République populaire de Chine, la profession d’avocat a obtenu du régime sa reconnaissance, mais elle a hérité de la tradition locale du « Songshi », et elle a fait partie des gestionnaires du régime (les fonctionnaires), au lieu d’être une profession libérale. Cette recherche met aussi en évidence la spécificité de l’institution judiciaire chinoise (chapitre 2): l’encastrement du système politique dans le système judiciaire conduit à une symbiose ; le passage par le politique est l’unique moyen de résoudre les problèmes ; les questions judiciaires et les problèmes sociaux sont politisés. Au niveau macro, l’organisation des grands corps de l’État est complexe et chaque corps défend son propre intérêt, bien davantage que l’intérêt général. Au niveau micro, tous les acteurs de l’action publique ont envie de devenir acteurs de l’action politique. Les avocats gouvernementaux sont un exemple, mais les avocats libéraux veulent aussi pénétrer dans l’administration de l’État par les activités extérieures de l’institution et du monde judiciaires. Les « cause lawyers » ont des prédispositions politiques (à gauche et à droite), et ils se confrontent au défi de défendre l’intérêt de leurs clients en même temps que de réaliser leur objectif politique. Dans le chapitre 3 et le chapitre 4, il nous montre les logiques d’activité dans différents groupes d’avocat, surtout dans l’affaire de démolition et d’expropriation. L’analyse de l’activité des avocats gouvernementaux qui travaille comme médiateur montre que ceux-ci utilisent la légitimité de la domination de l’État pour faire croire aux paysans que la destruction de leurs logements est une action politique légale. Leur rôle est plutôt celui d’un médiateur ou d’un conseil judiciaire que celui d’un avocat. La recherche porte sur les avocats libéraux s’engageant dans l’action publique comme acteurs. À cause du caractère politique de leurs interventions devant le tribunal, ces avocats perdent souvent leurs procès. Ils organisent des mobilisations à l’extérieur du tribunal comme des actions de ‘lobbying’, en espérant lancer un scandale sur les forums internet de sorte à faire pression sur les groupes d’intérêt. En utilisant internet, ils cherchent à transformer un procès en cause. / My study is about the role of Chinese public interest lawyers in the case of housing demolition of peasants. I want to know if there is a legal profession in China who has some similarity of cause lawyers in America. If there is, considering the reality of Chinese society, what are the same point and the difference between this professional group and the cause lawyers in the liberal democracy? These questions are relatives to the complex relation among the law, the politic, and the social change in chine. To answer these questions, I try to analyse the role of the lawyer in this relation from three dimensions. Firstly, it is necessary to describe the Chinese legal system in which the lawyer shows their characteristics, specially the relation between the law and the politic in China(Chapter 1 and chapter 2). Secondly, on the basis of interviews with the lawyers, observing the activity and the strategy of the lawyer inside and outside of their professional domain, I seek to make a conclusion of the specificity of the Chinese public interest lawyers (chapter 3); Thirdly, I will try to make a comparison with the cause lawyers according to these characteristics of Chinese public interest lawyers(chapter 4). This comparison can answer the question in the beginning of my study and give a good window into the role of Chinese public interest lawyer.