Background: Access to safe and nutritious food is a universal right, which is essential for well-being. Food security exists when “all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious foods to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. Despite a call by global leaders to ensure food security and eradicate food insecurity, food insecurity remains a serious public health concern in Canada. While public health nurses are ideally situated to advance this public health priority, they have been conspicuously absent from important research and decision-making tables where work to address these inequities take place. This is the impetus for this study. Purpose: To explore how public health nurses engage in work to address food insecurity. The study uncovers the dynamic interplay of structures, processes, and agency that enable and constrain public health nurses work. An understanding of the sociopolitical contexts of public health helps to strengthen public health nurses’ engagement in food insecurity thereby contributing to health equity in Canada. Methodology: A holistic qualitative case study approach informed by the tenets of critical realism was used to guide this study in Nova Scotia. Primary data sources were 19 individual interviews and a review of 33 documents. Data were transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by Framework Analysis and matrix construction. The trustworthiness of data was ensured through Lincoln and Guba’s criteria for qualitative studies. Findings: Four major themes include: 1) Framing Food (In)Security, 2) The Role of Public Health Nurses; 3) Navigating the Terrain of Food Insecurity; and 4) Resources to Advance Food Insecurity Work in Public Health Nursing Practice. Discussion and Implications: The dynamic interplay among leaders with differing ideologies and organizational culture has an impact on health equity agendas and subsequently on public health nursing engagement in work to address food insecurity. Capitalizing on a “clash of cultures” is associated with effective community food security outcomes. We must continue to illuminate the tensions among public health nurses and other stakeholders as well as address issues of power relations both within and external to the public health system. Conclusion: Public health may benefit greatly from building capacity of public health nurses’ to engage in both upstream and downstream food insecurity work.

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa cujo objetivo geral foi descrever e analisar o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes com Insuficiência Cardíaca atendidos pela Clinica de IC de um Hospital Universitário. Os objetivos específicos orientam-se para:(a)Caracterizar os casos de Insuficiência Cardíaca segundo variáveis demográficas, variáveis clínicas, de diagnóstico e co morbidades;(b)Comparar as características clínicas e demográficas dos pacientes conforme grupos etiológicos identificados e fração de ejeção;(c)Determinar a taxa de mortalidade e hospitalização dos pacientes acompanhados pela clínica. Os dados analisados neste estudo são oriundos de um banco de dados onde são alocadas informações dos pacientes em atendimento ambulatorial da referida clinica.Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada a estatística descritiva, freqüências e porcentagens assim como tabelas e gráficos para a demonstração dos dados levantados.Os mesmos foram analisados através do software SPSS v.18.0, no qual se utilizou a estatística multivariada e curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meyer.Os resultados apontam para uma predominância masculina de 60,1%, com idade de 63,5 anos. Na caracterização quanto à classe funcional observa-se que a predominante é a classe funcional I e II com 73,6% do total. Os pacientes assistidos apresentam uma média de 42% da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo e 61,7% possuem etiologia não isquêmica. Em nosso estudo, descrevemos 71,8% de portadores de disfunção sistólica. Os pacientes com etiologia isquêmica tinham predomínio do sexo masculino(70,7%), e a etiologia não isquêmica com uma prevalência maior do sexo feminino(45,5%vs 29,3%;p<0,001). Além disso, os pacientes isquêmicos eram mais idosos (p<0,001), com historia familiar de DAC(p<0,041), presença de diabetes (p<0,001). A disfunção sistólica(FE<50%) era predominante no grupo de pacientes isquêmicos(77%vs 69%; p=0,048).As classes funcionais mais avançadas(III e IV) foram menos predominantes nos indivíduos isquêmicos(32,5%) em relação aos não isquêmicos(41,3%;p=0,041).O paciente de etiologia isquêmica recebeu tratamento farmacológico semelhante ao não isquêmico com exceção do uso de AAS(p<0,001).Esses indivíduos cursaram com maior numero de internações por outras causas exceto IC(p<0,001) e maior numero de óbitos(p=0,007).Em relação à fração de ejeção, observou-se que indivíduos com FE>50% tinham predomínio do sexo feminino(p=0,006),mais idosos(p<0,001),de etiologia não isquêmica(p=0,048) e classes funcionais I e II(p=0,025).Indivíduos com FE<50% eram mais graves, apresentando maior número de internações por IC(37,8%vs20%;p<0,001), e internações por outras causas(27,2%vs17,5%;p=0,018) e maior número de óbitos (18%vs8,4%;p=0,005) do que os com fração de ejeção preservada. O resultado desse estudo teve como finalidade o conhecimento do perfil de uma população própria, com o objetivo de aprimorar a assistência prestada a ela. Os enfermeiros de Clínicas de IC, juntos com os profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar, desempenham papel fundamental no acompanhamento, orientação e educação desses pacientes. / It is a descriptive, retrospective, study with quantitative approach whose general objective was to describe and analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with heart failure treated in a heart failure clinic of a university hospital. The specific objectives are oriented to a) characterize the cases of heart failure according to demographic variables, clinical variables, diagnosis and comorbidities, (b) compare clinical and demographic characteristics of patients according to the main groups identified and etiologic fraction ejection, (c) Determine mortality and hospitalization rates of patients followed by the HF clinic. The data analyzed in this study come from a database which is allocated information of ambulatory patients referred to the clinic. For data analysis was used descriptive statistics with mean, median and standard deviation, frequencies and percentages ,tables and graphs to demonstrate the data collected as well multivariate statistical analysis and Kaplan-Meyers survival curves. They were analyzed using the software SPSS v.18.0. The results indicate a male predominance of 60.1% with an average age of 63.5 years. The functional class observed that was the predominant class I and II, 73.6% of the total. Patients have attended an average of 42% ejection fraction of left ventricle and 61.7% had non ischemic etiology. In our study, we describe 71.8% of patients with systolic dysfunction. Patients with ischemic etiology were predominantly male (70.7%), and non ischemic etiology with a higher prevalence of females (45.5% vs 29.3%, p<0.001). In addition, ischemic patients were older (p<0.001), family history of CAD (p<0.041), diabetes (p<0.001). Systolic dysfunction (EF<50%) was predominant in the group of ischemic patients (77% vs 69%, p=0.048).The more advanced functional class (III and IV) were less prevalent in ischemic subjects(32.5%) compared to non-ischemic (41.3%) (p=0.041). Patients with an ischemic etiology had highest number of hospitalizations for other causes than HF (p<0.001) and greater number of deaths (p=0.007). Regarding the ejection fraction was observed that individuals with EF > 50% were predominantly female (p=0.006), older (p<0.001), non-ischemic etiology (p=0.048) and functional classes I and II (p=0.025). Individuals with EF <50% were more severe, with higher number of hospitalizations for HF (37.8% vs 20%) (p<0.001), and hospitalizations due to other causes (27.2% vs 17.5%) (p=0.018) and higher number of deaths (18% vs 8.4%) (p=0.005) than those with preserved ejection fraction. The results of this study were aimed at the knowledge of the real profile of a population with distinct characteristics, in order to improve the care given to it. The nurses in HF clinics with other professionals in the multidisciplinary team, play a key role in monitoring, guidance and education of these patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 damiance_prm_me_botfm.pdf: 587113 bytes, checksum: ec988726929fdcf1daeaef13f15a5e9a (MD5) / O objeto de investigação desta pesquisa é a prática pedagógica do docente orientador de estágio curricular em enfermagem na Saúde Coletiva, em instituições de ensino público e privado, de duas cidades do Centro-oeste paulista. O preparo pedagógico do docente, da área da saúde, frente às exigências da educação contemporânea e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais tem relação direta com a formação de profissionais para atender às necessidades do SUS. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar, a luz das Diretrizes Curriculares e das políticas públicas de educação e saúde, a prática pedagógica do docente de enfermagem, orientador de estágio na saúde coletiva. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade temática. A análise empreendida aponta que a prática pedagógica dos docentes entrevistados sofre influência da cultura institucional da educação superior brasileira. As atividades rotineiras estão calcadas em conteúdos das ciências biológicas e da saúde, organizados sob a égide da assistência de enfermagem; na exposição oral e reprodução de técnicas biomédicas; na desarticulação entre teoria e prática; na avaliação centrada no aluno e não no processo e no isolamento do trabalho docente. Conclui-se que as competências docentes precisam ser ampliadas em direção ao planejamento da ação pedagógica, aproximando-se dos referenciais teóricos e filosóficos do Sistema Único de Saúde, da Saúde Coletiva e da educação contemporânea / The object of investigation is the pedagogic practice of the teaching advisor of traineeship curricular in nursing in the Collective Health, in institutions of public and private teaching, of two cities of Middle West of São Paulo state. The pedagogic preparation of the teacher, working in the health area, according to the demands of the contemporary education and of the National Curricular Directives has direct relation with the professionals' formation to pay attention to the necessities of the SUS. Therefore, this work has as the objective of analyzing, the light of the Curricular Directives and of the public policies of education and health, the pedagogic practice of the teacher of nursing, traineeship advisor in the collective health. The obtained data were subjected to the Analysis of Content, thematic kind. The undertaken analysis points that the pedagogic practice of the interviewed teachers suffers influence of the institutional culture of the Brazilian superior education. The routine activities are based on contents of the biological sciences and of the health which are organized under the aegis of the presence of nursing; in the oral exhibition and reproduction of biomedical techniques; in the dislocation between theory and practice; in the evaluation centered in the pupil and not in the process and in the isolation of the teaching work. The teaching competence needs to be enlarged towards the projection of the pedagogic action, approaching the theoretical and philosophical referential systems of the SUS, of the Collective health and the contemporary education

Esta investigação sobre o trabalho da enfermeira, na atenção básica em saúde, tem como questão central a especificidade desse trabalho e, como objeto de estudo, as competências gerais e específicas da enfermeira e sua contribuição para a construção do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e para a constituição das Funções Essenciais de Saúde Pública (FESP), com os objetivos: 1) identificar e analisar as competências gerais e específicas requeridas da enfermeira para atuação na saúde pública, a partir do trabalho realizado na rede básica de saúde; 2) compreender como essas competências estão contribuindo para o desempenho das FESP, considerando-se a forma como estão sendo construídas no atual estágio de implementação do SUS. A determinação dos locais do estudo e da escolha dos sujeitos deu-se em função da utilização da Técnica Delphi como método de investigação. Foram selecionados dois grupos de participantes: um de 131 enfermeiras que atuam na rede básica do Município de Porto Alegre, e, outro, de 144 especialistas, enfermeiras que ocupam cargos na Secretaria de Saúde do Município de Porto Alegre e docentes de enfermagem em saúde publica/comunitária/coletiva das escolas de enfermagem do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirãoreto/USP. Aceitaram participar da pesquisa, e assinaram o termo de consentimento informado, 52 enfermeiras e 57 especialistas. Para a coleta de dados utilizamos três questionários. O primeiro solicitou que as participantes indicassem três competências gerais e três especificas necessárias para o trabalho da enfermeira na atenção básica. Essas foram reunidas em uma listagem para cada grupo, que foi compilada, resultando em 84 competências, 44 gerais e 40 específicas no grupo das enfermeiras e 93 no grupo de especialistas, 49 gerais e 44 especificas. O segundo questionário foi composto dessas duas listagens adicionadas de uma escala de Likert, com valores de 1 (discordo muito) a 5 (concordo muito). Devido à estabilidade das respostas em torno do escore 5, foi adotado como critério de consenso, para a análise quantitativa, o percentual de 75% para os escores 4 ou 5, resultando em 17 competências gerais e 8 específicas no grupo de enfermeiras e 19 competências gerais e 9 específicas, no grupo das especialistas. Essas competências foram classificadas em áreas de domínio: valores profissionais; comunicação; trabalho em equipe; gerência; orientada a comunidade; promoção da saúde; resolução de problemas; atenção à saúde; educacional; em ciências básicas da saúde publica. Na análise qualitativa, foram discutidos os motivos pelos quais as competências são necessárias para o trabalho da enfermeira na atenção básica, frente ao percurso da enfermagem na implantação do SUS, aos preceitos da atenção primária, aos conteúdos da atenção básica, aos enunciados de competências existentes na literatura e a como estas competências estão contribuindo para o desempenho das FESP na realidade estudada. As competências específicas refletiram atividades tradicionalmente desempenhadas pela enfermeira, a sua posição na equipe de enfermagem, a especificidade da atenção prestada por essa profissional e a necessidade de seu desenvolvimento na profissão. / This study on nursing work in primary health care focuses on the specific nature of this work and investigates nurses’ general and specific competencies, as well as their contribution to the construction of the Single Health System (SUS) in Brazil and to the constitution of the Essential Public Health Functions (EPHF). The objectives were: 1) to identify and analyze general and specific competencies required for public health nursing practice, based on primary health care practice, and 2) to understand how these competencies are contributing to the performance of the EPHF, considering how they are being developed in the current implementation stage of the SUS. Places of study and subjects were determined according to the Delphi Technique, which was the method of study. Two groups of participants were selected: one with 131 nurses who work in the primary health care system of Porto Alegre, and another with 141 specialists, who were nurses working at the Porto Alegre Health Secretariat and public/community health faculty at nursing schools in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The research project was approved by the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing/USP Ethics Committee. Fifty-two nurses and fifty-seven specialists accepted to participate in the study and signed an informed consent term. Three questionnaires were developed for data collection. The first asked participants to indicate three general and three specific competencies nurses need to work in primary health care. These competencies were joined in a list for each group and then compiled into 84 competencies, 44 of which were general and 40 specific, for the nursing group and 93, 49 of which were general and 44 specific, for the specialist group. The second questionnaire was composed of these two lists with a Likert scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). In quantitative analysis, due to the stability of answers around score 5, 75% was adopted as a consensus criterion for scores 4 or 5, which resulted in 17 general and 8 specific competencies for the nursing group and 19 general and 9 specific competencies for the specialist group. These competencies were classified into action areas: professional values, communication, team work, management, community oriented, health promotion, problem solution, health care, educational, in basic public health sciences. In qualitative analysis, we discussed the reasons why these competencies are necessary for nursing work in primary health care, in view of the trajectory of nursing in the implantation of the SUS, the principles and concepts of primary health care, what literature says about competencies and how these competencies are contributing to the performance of EPHF in the reality that was studied. Specific competencies reflected traditional nursing activities, the specific nature of nursing care and the need for nurses’ development in the profession.

O presente estudo tem como objetivos: desvelar percepções de enfermeiros acerca da acupuntura como prática assistencial de enfermagem; identificar fatores dificultadores/facilitadores para a implantação da acupuntura como técnica complementar à assistência de saúde; discutir aspectos contraditórios e os dilemas ético-legais que perpassam a prática da acupuntura pelo enfermeiro em serviços de saúde pública. Pesquisa de campo exploratória foi realizada com 33 enfermeiras, de 11 Unidades de Saúde, da Região Sudeste do Município de São Paulo, que oferecem atendimento de acupuntura por profissionais médicos. Os dados coletados nas entrevistas foram examinados com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2004) e Minayo (2007) e distribuídos em quatro categorias principais: (1) percepções de enfermeiros acerca da acupuntura na assistência à saúde; (2) fatores dificultadores e (3) facilitadores da prática da acupuntura pelo enfermeiro em serviços de saúde pública e (4) dilemas ético-legais na prática da acupuntura vivenciados pelos enfermeiros. Debates sobre percepções referentes à acupuntura revelaram credibilidade de pacientes na eficácia da técnica em uma grande variedade de enfermidades, especialmente em doenças crônicas, dor e estresse. Foi considerada como uma terapêutica holística, agindo com menos efeitos colaterais em situações em que a alopatia é ineficiente. Como fatores dificultadores foram encontrados: sobrecarga de trabalho, falta de recursos materiais e humanos e uma política de saúde que não favorece a implantação da acupuntura pelo enfermeiro. Entre os fatores facilitadores foram indicados: possibilidade de capacitação técnica do enfermeiro e de implantação do serviço de acupuntura multiprofissional pela Secretaria de Saúde, além de mais e melhor informação para a população e para profissionais, com a vantagem da proximidade já existente entre enfermeiro e usuário. Quanto aos dilemas ético-legais, questionou-se a acupuntura como prática limitada à classe médica, o preconceito quanto ao que o enfermeiro faz e pode fazer, a necessidade de regulamentação pelas autoridades competentes e, por fim, qual o perfil do profissional que poderia exercer a acupuntura, segundo as enfermeiras entrevistadas. Face ao novo paradigma emergente da saúde, na busca de um cuidado menos biologicista, mais integral e holístico, a acupuntura como prática complementar à assistência na saúde pública emerge como uma nova/velha terapêutica, trazendo muitos benefícios à saúde da população. O desafio que se coloca ao enfermeiro é a conquista da acupuntura como saber e fazer do enfermeiro, participando da implantação responsável, ética e multiprofissional da acupuntura em benefício da população / The objective of the present study were to unveil nurses´ perceptions on acupuncture as a nursing care practice; to identify difficulting or facilitating factors for implementation of acupuncture as a complementary procedure for health care; and to discuss contradictory issues, ethical and legal dilemmas which carry through the acupuncture practice by nurses in public health services. An exploratory research on field was held with 33 nurses, from 11 Health Units, located in the south-east region of São Paulo city, where acupuncture is practiced by physicians. Collected data through interviews were analyzed based on Bardin (2004) Content Analysis and Minayo (2007), distributed within four main categories: (1) nurses´ perceptions on acupuncture in health care; (2) difficulting factors and (3) facilitating factors related to acupuncture felt by nurses in public health services and (4) ethical and legal dilemmas on acupuncture practice experienced by nurses. Debates on perceptions related to acupuncture showed credibility by patients on the procedure efficacy in a large variety of illness, particularly on chronicle ones, pain and stress. It was considered as a holistic therapy, acting with less collateral effects, when allopath is inefficient. Difficulting factors found were: working overload, lack of material and human resources and the health policy which is not favorable for implementation of acupuncture done by nurses. Among facilitating factors were indicated: possibility of enabling nurses with technical qualification as well as implementation of acupuncture services by a multi-professional team through the Secretariat of Health; more and better information for people and professionals and the advantage of existing closeness between nurses and patients. Regarding the ethical and legal dilemmas, the issue of acupuncture as a practice limited to the medical group was raised, as well as the prejudice related to what nurses do or may do, the need of regulation by competent authorities and also who would be the professionals to practice acupuncture according to the interviewed nurses. Considering this emerging new health paradigm and looking for a less biologist and more integral and holistic caring, acupuncture as a complementary practice to public health care comes forth as new/old therapy, bringing many benefices to the public health. The challenge imposed to nurses is the conquest of the acupuncture as the knowing and the doing of the nurse, participating in responsive, ethical and multi-professional implementation of acupuncture practice for the people benefit

Orientador: Marcia Regina Nozawa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T05:20:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benetti_MarcelleReginaSilva_M.pdf: 1646234 bytes, checksum: b8d9c57bab674a922bc31a6c34b210ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo que tomou como objeto o trabalho de enfermeiras na atenção primária, entendido com prática social que se constitui no processo de trabalho em saúde. Teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar o perfil profissional e as práticas das enfermeiras inseridas em unidades da rede básica de saúde do município de Campinas, SP, no ano de 2006. As enfermeiras das equipes dos 49 centros de saúde e 13 módulos de saúde da família, distribuídos entre os cinco Distritos de Saúde do município, constituíramse sujeitos do estudo. Os dados primários foram produzidos a partir de entrevistas estruturadas com 133 enfermeiras, 88% do conjunto geral e documentos produzidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) foram tomados como referência na análise das suas práticas. São mulheres (95,5%), casadas (56,4%) e 55,6% tem pelo menos um filho. A extensão de faixa etária de 25 a 49 anos abrangeu 86,5% das entrevistadas, sendo que somente a faixa de 40 a 44 anos concentrou a maior freqüência isolada, 23,3%. De modo predominante, as enfermeiras cursaram a graduação em instituições privadas de ensino (67,7%); 66,2% relatam serem especialistas, sendo 38,9% nas áreas de interesse à Saúde Coletiva. A totalidade das enfermeiras indicou participação em oficinas e cursos de capacitação oferecidos pela Secretaria. A maioria delas não mantém assinaturas de periódicos científicos em enfermagem (94,7%) ou na área da saúde (99,2%). A leitura de livros de enfermagem ou na área de saúde e manuais técnicos é positiva para 91% e 97,7% delas, respectivamente. Quanto à relação de trabalho com o município, a maioria (72,2%) é efetiva por concurso público e 33,8% tem de 1 a 5 anos de trabalho na SMS. Em relação às práticas relatadas pelas enfermeiras, as mais freqüentes foram: o acolhimento, a consulta de enfermagem, a supervisão de enfermagem, os procedimentos de enfermagem, a organização do serviço, entre outras. As práticas mais importantes referidas foram: acolhimento, consulta de enfermagem, supervisão de enfermagem, visita domiciliária, educação em saúde, entre outras. Observou-se que as enfermeiras da SMS de Campinas executam diariamente múltiplas funções no processo de trabalho, predominando as ações assistenciais, seguidas por ações gerenciais e de educação em saúde. Este estudo, comparado aos trabalhos anteriores, nos mostra uma mudança de priorização da gerência para a assistência, ou seja, as enfermeiras querem encontrar estratégias para intervir na realidade de saúde, mas mantém a prática cotidiana voltada para demanda espontânea, tendo como objeto predominante o corpo biológico doente. Os dados nos permitem inferir que existe coerência entre as práticas realizadas e o que é esperado pela SMS e nos mostram que a enfermeira presta grande contribuição na implantação e manutenção das políticas de saúde. O trabalho desenvolvido hoje pela enfermeira está voltado predominantemente para o campo de atuação, principalmente quando se fala do atendimento em equipe multiprofissional. Entretanto, ainda existe a necessidade de se reforçar o núcleo profissional e o campo da prática de Saúde Coletiva, no núcleo de saúde coletiva, na imunização, na educação em saúde, na educação permanente, entre outras. / Abstract: This is a descriptive study about the work of collective health nurses, which is understood as a social practice. Its objective is to characterize the professional profile and practice of nurses working within Public Health Centers in Campinas, SP, Brazil in the year of 2006. Nurses belonging to 49 health centers and 13 family health modules, spread over five city health districts have been subjects for this study. Primary data have been produced in structured interviews with 133 nurses standing for 88% of city's total. Documents from City Hall Health Department have also been considered to analyze nurses' practice. They are female (95.5%), married (56.4%), and 55.6% have at least one child. Most are between 25 and 49 years old. The range 40-44 has the biggest concentration (23.3%). Most of them under graduated in private institutions ( 67.7%), 66.2% report to be specialists having 38.9% within areas concerning Public Health. All of them claimed participation in trainings and workshops offered by City Hall Health Department. Most of them don't have subscription to scientific journals in nursing (94.7%) or health sciences (99.2%). 91% read books related to health and nursing and even better figures indicate that 97.7% read technical manuals. Regarding work relations, most (72.2%) are regular employees and 33.8% work for up to 5 years in City Hall Health Department. Regarding practices reported as most frequently executed: Triage, nursing consultation, nursing supervision, nursing procedures, health services management, etc. Regarding practices reported as of utmost importance: Triage, nursing consultation, nursing supervision, home visits, health education, etc. It can be noticed that Nurses from Campinas' City Hall Health Department execute many tasks in their work process, mostly assistance tasks followed by management and health education. This study compared to previous work, shows a change in priorization from management to assistance, that is, nurses are willing to find strategies to intervene in health reality, but keep day-by-day practice aimed toward spontaneous demand, having as main subject the ill biologic body. Data shows that actual practices are coherent to City Hall Health Department expectations and that nurses give great contribution to maintenance and implementation of public health policies. Nurses work aims mostly to its "field", specially within Multiprofessional attendance, however it is still necessary to strengthen nurses profession "core", and collective health "field" where nurses work is of great importance within collective health "core", regarding vaccination, health and education, permanent education, etc. / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

HIV/AIDS is now widely recognized as a medically manageable condition. However, more than 2,000 new HIV infections are reported across Canada each year. A pressing issue in the public health response to HIV is how to better engage people at risk and living with the virus in testing, treatment, and support services. For this study, a critical ethnography was undertaken with 22 public health nurses involved in HIV case management in 14 public health units across Ontario. The objectives were to describe the experiences of case management nurses involved in the follow-up of people who test positive for HIV in public health units across Ontario and identify how public health policies shape the boundaries of nursing care and client outcomes in the response to HIV. A poststructuralist, feminist and critical geographical lens was employed to understand how different discourses determine the social and spatial organization of case management and structure the possibilities in nurses’ follow-up at the point-of-care. The main finding is evidence of two different sets of goals and measures in the public health response to HIV in Ontario: (1) a medical-epidemiological discourse tied to a biosecurity approach and goal of disease containment; and (2) a nursing discourse linked to a relational approach aimed at promoting meaningful engagement and ensuring people with HIV “feel supported.” The thesis of this study is that the hegemony of a biosecurity approach and singular biomedical indicator of success (an undetectable viral load) are contributing to the relegation of relational work and nurses’ efforts to support people who are unable or unwilling to engage in risk reduction measures to the margins of care. Strengthening the capacity of case management nurses to develop a relational approach and account for the diversity of emotional and social issues impacting the ability of people to live with HIV may be an important starting point for improving the outcomes of the public health response. The findings have implications for future research, policy, and practice in the areas of governmentality, public health nursing and efforts to end the “War on HIV.”

Community health workers are projected to grow in number by 17 percent by 2030. A baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN) provides a foundation for public health nursing practice. The Competencies for Public Health Nursing Practice instrument was distributed to BSN students at a Midwestern university before and after an educational intervention. Students completed a pretest (n = 269) and posttest (n = 154). All four subscales and total score indicated a significant increase in competence (p < .001). There is a need to develop interactive public health nursing simulations with an interprofessional venue to help students improve teamwork and communication competencies [...]

Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted public health intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health through nurse home visiting. Adolescent girls and young women who are pregnant or living in situations of social and economic disadvantage are at increased risk for poor health. Rural living may compound marginalization and create additional challenges for young mothers. In the context of a large-scale process evaluation, I posed the question: “In what ways do Canadian public health nurses explain their experiences with delivering this program across different geographical environments?” This thesis represents a purposeful attempt to examine the experiences of public health nurses as they deliver the Nurse-Family Partnership program across different geographical settings in British Columbia, Canada. The qualitative methodology of interpretive description guided study decisions and data were collected through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with public health nurses delivering the Nurse-Family Partnership program and their supervisors. Consisting of three studies linked by their focus of evaluating Nurse-Family Partnership in British Columbia, this thesis explores influences on program delivery across the rural-urban continuum, including issues related to nurse recruitment, retention, and turnover. Overall, the findings from these analyses suggest that the nature of clients’ place and their associated social and physical geography emphasizes that geography has a significant impact on program delivery for clients who were living with multiple forms of oppression and it worked to reinforce disadvantage. In manuscript one, exploration and description of factors that contribute to recruitment, retention, and turnover of public health nurses delivering Nurse-Family Partnership in British Columbia, Canada are presented. Then manuscript two reflects the factors and challenges of providing the NFP program in rural communities. The final manuscript applies an intersectional lens to reveal how the nature of clients’ place and their associated social and physical geography emphasizes inadequacies of organizational and support structures that create health inequities for clients. The collective work of this thesis emphasises the importance of location as a factor affecting home visitation programs. In rural environments, public health nurses are resourceful and can provide insight into important considerations for program delivery. These may include enhanced use of technology for communicating with supervisors, nurses, or clients through cell phone/videoconferencing or experiencing rugged terrain and extreme weather conditions. Public health nurses practicing in urban areas also have geographical considerations that are location specific, including precariously housed clients whose locations are transient and providing care to clients living in unsafe conditions. Across all environments, time was a valued commodity and effective communication was essential. Supporting nurses as they deliver Nurse-Family Partnership in Canadian communities can help nurse retention in a program with many positive attributes. Working with vulnerable populations, building relationships with clients, regular reflective supervision and team meetings were among the top reasons public health nurses enjoyed being involved in Nurse-Family Partnership. Reasons leading to turnover are also discussed. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Living in social or economic disadvantage is associated with negative health outcomes for Canadian families. Young mothers and their children are one such group at risk for suboptimal health outcomes, creating a significant public health concern. The Nurse-Family Partnership is a targeted public health intervention program designed to improve child and maternal health through nurse home visiting. As this program is evaluated for uptake in Canada, this thesis examines the delivery within the context of Canadian geography. Factors that influence program delivery for public health nurses in Canada are explored.

A prática da enfermeira no Serviço de Assistência Domiciliar (SAD) da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Ribeirão Preto-São Paulo, constitui-se o objeto desta investigação. Elegemos como objetivo analisar o processo de instituição da assistência de enfermagem no domicílio através do SAD da SMS-RP, apontando seus limites e potencialidades enquanto um disparador para transformação da prática de enfermagem e do modelo assistencial, tendo como premissa a compreensão da prática de saúde e de enfermagem enquanto trabalho. Tomamos por pressuposto que a assistência no domicílio apresenta potência de se constituir um espaço para a construção de um agir pautado pela integralidade das ações, pela responsabilização em relação à clientela, por uma identidade de equipe, com o estabelecimento de espaços interssessores com intensa utilização de tecnologias leves, de modo a possibilitar o vínculo, escuta, autonomização, fugindo de uma perspectiva estrita de controle da clientela no âmbito domiciliar. Os sujeitos da pesquisa constituiram-se nas enfermeiras que atuam no SAD, sendo o material empírico coletado através da técnica do grupo focal, ainda utilizamos de entrevista semi-estruturada junto ao staff do SAD no nível central da SMS-RP. Recorremos também a fontes documentais. A ordenação dos dados se deu pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo- DSC, onde buscamos articular as Expressões Chaves dos depoimentos individuais com as Idéias Centrais, buscando resgatar a fala do social. A pesquisa revelou dois conjuntos temáticos apresentados separadamente, mas que guardam efetivamente estreita articulação teórico-prática, apontando que de foram ainda incipiente, há uma potencialidade do SAD se configurar como um dispositivo para a transformação da prática de saúde/enfermagem e ir processualmente se instalando pelo menos na prática das enfermeiras que realizam este trabalho. A vivência no SAD tem oportunizado o auto questionamento, a reflexão e o processo de rever condutas. Destacamos com relevância a importância atribuída pelas enfermeiras às tecnologias leves, consideradas fundamentais para o trabalho em saúde e pricipalmente na assistência domiciliar, incorporando a dimensão subjetiva inerente a toda produção no processo de trabalho em saúde. Também foi apontado como fundamental investir-se no preparo dos trabalhadores em habilidades para atuar em assitência domiciliar, na perspectiva de se estabelecer vínculos e uma relação mais humanizada e acolhedora. Ainda, foi possível evidenciar a produção do trabalho no SAD vivenciada com limitações, frustações, mas também com envolvimento, criatividade, responsabilização e satisfação. Reconhecem essas agentes a necessidade de aprender o processo de mudança como lento, sendo ainda necessário espaços para se discutir as conquistas e obstáculos, como também o trabalhador precisa estar disposto a constantemente aceitar ser revisto, e sempre estar revendo o processo de trabalho. / The nurse\'s practice in the Home Care Service (SAD) provided by the Municipal Health Secretariat of Ribeirão Preto - São Paulo State (SMS-RP) comprises the object of this investigation. We aimed at analyzing the process of organization of nursing home care through the SAD of the SMC-RP by pointing out its limits and potentialities as a triggering element for transformation in the nursing practice as well as in the current care model by understanding healthcare and the nursing practice as types of work. We assumed that home care can constitute a space for the construction of a way to perform which is based on the integrality of actions, responsibility in relation to clients, team identity and the establishment of various intersectional spaces with the intense use of light technology so as to enable the formation of ties, listening and autonomy, thus escaping from a strict perspective of controlling clients at home. The subjects of the research were nurses working in the SAD and empirical data were collected through the focal group technique. Semi-structured interviews with the staff of the SAD in the central level of he SMS-RP and documental sources were also utilized. Data were organized by means of the Collective Enunciator\'s Discourse - DSC, where we sought to articulate Key Expressions in the individual accounts with Main Topics, aiming at recovering social discourse. The research showed two thematic sets which were separately presented, but effectively contained a close theoretical and practical articulation demonstrating that, although incipient, there is a potentiality for the SAD to become a device in the transformation of healthcare and the nursing practice which can be processually installed at least in the practice of nurses performing this type of work. The experience in the SAD has provided the opportunity for self-questioning, reflection and the process of reviewing conducts. We emphatically point out the importance attributed by nurses to light technology which is considered to be fundamental for healthcare work and particularly in home care, thus incorporating the subjective dimension inherent to all types of production in the healthcare work process. Investment on the preparation of workers for the development of skills in order to perform in home care, the perspective of establishing ties and a more humanized and welcoming relationship has also been pointed out as fundamental. Furthermore, it was also possible to evince the work production in the SAD, which is experienced with limitations, frustrations, but also with involvement, creativity, responsibility and satisfaction. These agents recognize the need to apprehend the process of change as a slow means as well as the need for spaces in order to discuss their achievements and obstacles. In addition, workers must be willing to constantly accept to be reviewed as well as review the work process.