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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
141

Reatividade à dor na vacinação de lactentes entre dois e cinco meses de idade que receberam sacarose / Pain reativity in the vaccination of infants between two and five months of age, who received sucrose

Daré, Mariana Firmino 23 June 2017 (has links)
A vacinação constitui-se em uma estratégia eficaz na prevenção de doenças e redução da morbi-mortalidade. No entanto, isso expõe principalmente as crianças a procedimentos dolorosos, que podem acarretar em consequências, imediatas e a longo prazo, relacionadas à resposta de dor. Para minimizar essas consequências, diversas intervenções têm sido investigadas para alívio da dor decorrente da vacinação, entre essas destaca-se a sacarose. Apesar da efetividade comprovada da sacarose para alívio da dor em procedimentos únicos e na vacinação, sabe-se que diversos fatores podem interferir na reatividade à dor, e pouco se sabe sobre o uso repetido da sacarose nas vacinas igualmente repetidas nos primeiros meses de vida. Assim, com os objetivos de examinar os fatores que interferem na reatividade à dor na vacinação dos lactentes entre dois e cinco meses de idade que receberam sacarose, e avaliar e comparar a reatividade à dor na vacinação dos lactentes nessa idade, desenvolvemos um estudo transversal observacional que incluiu 272 lactentes que compareceram à sala de vacina do estudo para receber as vacinas propostas no calendário de vacinação para o estado de São Paulo, no período de outubro de 2014 a maio de 2015, e cujos pais ou responsáveis aceitaram participar da pesquisa, mediante assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram excluídos: bebês que não residiam no município de Ribeirão Preto; os com suspeita ou intolerância a frutose; com doença congênita do sistema nervoso; com malformação ou prejuízos neurológicos severos; os que não seguiram o calendário regular de vacinação ou necessitavam de vacinas especiais. Foram coletados os dados de proporção da mímica facial, frequência cardíaca (FC) e choro nas fases basal (90s), pré-injeção (120s), injeção e pós-injeção (180s) e os fatores de exposição relacionados ao nascimento, a mãe e que antecedem o momento da própria vacina. Os dados comportamentais foram obtidos através da observação sistemática, com análise sequencial segundo a segundo. O banco de dados foi estruturado em planilha do Excel e exportado para o software SPSS. Para as análises, considerou-se como desfecho principal a proporção de mímica facial na fase injeção. No modelo de regressão linear não ajustada identificamos que houve influência para as variáveis de exposição: peso atual, número de gestações anteriores, mímica facial na fase basal, e FC na fase basal considerando um p<0,20. Para o modelo de regressão múltipla identificou apenas a influência da mímica facial na fase basal (p=0,001). Como fatores de risco, os testes t student para as variáveis numéricas de distribuição normal e Mann-Whitney para variáveis categóricas ou variáveis numéricas de distribuição não normal, identificamos risco para as variáveis mímica facial foi estatisticamente significante, apenas para as variáveis tipo de aleitamento materno (p=0,048) e FC (p=0,030), mímica facial (p=0,000) e choro (p=0,029). Para a análise de medidas repetidas (ANOVA-RM) identificamos que a proporção de mímica facial foi significativamente maior na administração das três vacinas consecutivas (pneumo + VIP + penta), em comparação com a vacina única (meningocócica), somente na fase pós-injeção (p<0,001). Para as participações repetidas duas ou três vezes do mesmo lactente (n=460), identificamos que a proporção de mímica facial diferiu estatisticamente entre as fases nos quatro grupos de diferentes idades (p>0,05), apresentando maiores valores na fase injeção. Concluímos que, apesar da efetividade da sacarose para alívio da dor, permanecem fatores de risco que interferem na reatividade à dor, principalmente diferenças na mímica facial no pós-injeção quando comparadas vacinas múltiplas e consecutivas (pneumocócica 10 valente, poliomielite injetável, pentavalente) versus vacina única (meningocócica C) / Vaccination is an effective strategy to prevent disease and reduce morbidity and mortality. However, this exposes patients, specially, children to painful procedures, which can lead to immediate and long-term consequences related to the pain response. To minimize these consequences, several interventions have been investigated to relieve pain resulting from vaccination, among which sucrose. Despite the proven effectiveness of sucrose for pain relief in single procedures and vaccination, it is known that several factors may interfere with reactivity to pain, and little is known about the repeated use of sucrose in the equally repeated vaccines in the first months of life. Thus, with the aim of examining the factors that interfere with reactivity to pain in the vaccination of infants between two and five months of age who received sucrose, and to evaluate and compare reactivity to pain in the vaccination of infants at this age, we developed an observational cross-sectional study which included 272 infants who attended the study\'s vaccine room to receive the vaccines proposed in the vaccination schedule for the State of São Paulo, from October 2014 to May 2015, and whose parents or guardians agreed to participate in the study through signed Free and Informed Consent Form. The following were excluded: infants who did not live in the city of Ribeirão Preto; those with suspected or intolerance to fructose; with congenital nervous system disease; with malformation or severe neurological impairment; those who did not follow the regular schedule of vaccination or needed special vaccines. Data were collected on the proportion of facial mimetic, heart rate and crying in the basal (90s), preinjection (120s), injection and post-injection (180s) and exposure factors related to birth and mother. Behavioral data were obtained through systematic observation, with sequential analysis according to each second. The database was structured in Excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS software. For the analyzes, the main outcome was the proportion of facial mimetics in the injection phase. In the unadjusted linear regression model, we identified that there was influence on the variables of exposure: current weight, number of previous pregnancies, facial mimetic in the basal phase, and heart rate (HR) in baseline, considering a p<0.20. For the multiple regression model, only the influence of facial mimicry on the basal phase (p=0.001) was identified. As risk factors, student t tests for the numerical variables of normal distribution and Mann-Whitney for categorical variables or numerical variables of non-normal distribution, we identified risk for the variables; (p=0.048) and HR (p=0.030), facial mimetic (p=0.000) and crying (p=0.029). For the analysis of repeated measures (ANOVA-RM) we identified that the proportion of facial mimetics was significantly higher in the administration of the three consecutive vaccines (pneumo + VIP + penta), compared to the single (meningococcal vaccine), only in the post-injection phase (p<0.001). For repeated participation two or three times of the same infant (n=460), we identified that the proportion of facial mimicry differed statistically between the phases in the four groups of different ages (p>0.05), presenting higher values in the injection phase. We conclude that despite the effectiveness of sucrose for pain relief, risk factors that interfere with pain reactivity, mainly differences in facial mimicry post-injection when multiple and consecutive vaccines (10-valent pneumococcal, injectable polio, pentavalent) versus single vaccine (meningococcal C)
142

Avaliação da atividade antibacteriana de extratos de plantas medicinais: Significância sanitária em região de tríplice fronteira / Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts of medicinal plants: Sanitary significance in the region of triple border

Ferreira, Helder 11 February 2019 (has links)
Nesta tese, objetivou-se avaliar a ação antibacteriana in vitro dos extratos das plantas medicinais mais utilizadas no município de Foz do Iguaçu e região,sobre Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Staphylococcus aureus. As plantas mais utilizadas no município de Foz do Iguaçu e região, que são: Mikania glomerata (Guaco), Mentha piperita (Hortelã), Maytenus officinalis (Espinheira-santa) e Aloe vera (Babosa) foram preparadas como fitoterápicos e cedidas pelo Horto de plantas medicinais da hidroelétrica Itaipu Binacional. Para esta avaliação foram preparados extratos hidroalcóolico a 70% por percolação e extratos aquosos por infusão destas plantas. Os extratos hidroalcóolicos foram levados a rota-evaporação e os aquosos ao liofilizador. Também foi extraído o óleo essencial da hortelã pimenta empregando o método de destilação por arraste a vapor d\'água em aparelho de Clevenger seguido da cromatografia por camada delgada. A atividade antibacteriana dos extratos foi testada sobre as linhagens padrão de Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC (27853), Staphylococcus aureusATCC (25923) e Klebsiella pneumoniaeATCC (13883). A determinação das concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM)e das concentrações bactericidas mínimas (CBM)dos extratos vegetais sobre as linhagens bacterianas foram determinadas pelo método de microdiluição em microplaca segundo a metodologia preconizada pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Entre os extratos hidroalcoólicos e aquosos das plantas testados, somente o extrato hidroalcoólico de Guaco (Mikania glomerata) apresentou atividade antibacteriana positiva sobre Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, na concentração de 200 µg. Também foi observada atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial da Hortelã pimenta (Mentha piperita) sobre Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, com CIM de 1000 µg/mL, Klebsiella pneumoniaeATCC 13883 com CIM de 2000 µg/mL e CBM > 2000 µg/mL e Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 com CIM e CBM de 2000 µg/mL.Os fitoterápicos mais prescritos nas unidades básicas de saúde do município de Foz do Iguaçu são o Guaco e a Espinheira Santa. Considerando os resultados dos esperimentos que apontam a atividade antibacteriana dos extratos das plantas medicinais mais utilizadas em Foz do Iguaçu e região, pode-se indicar que os estratos de Guaco, Hortelã-pimenta, Espinheira Santa e Babosa, bem como óleo essencial de hortelã-pimeta prometem uma altermativa possível no tratamento de doenças infecciosas / In this thesis, the objective was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial action of extracts of medicinal plants most used in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu and region, on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The most used plants in the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu and region, which are: Mikania glomerata (Guaco), Mentha piperita (Hortelã pimenta), Maytenus officinalis (Espinheira-santa) and Aloe vera (Babosa) were prepared as phytotherapics and yielded by Horto de plants of the Itaipu Binacional hydroelectric plant. For this evaluation 70% hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared by percolation and aqueous extracts by infusion of these plants. The hydroalcoholic extracts were rotoevaporated and the aqueous extracts were added to the lyophilizer. The peppermint essential oil was also extracted using the water vapor distillation method in a Clevenger apparatus followed by thin layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity of the extracts was tested on the standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC (27853), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC (25923) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC (13883). The determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (CBM) of the plant extracts on the bacterial strains were determined by the microplate microdilution method according to the methodology recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Among the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts of the plants tested, only the hydroalcoholic extract of Guaco (Mikania glomerata) showed positive antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, in the concentrations of 400 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg and 200 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostatic activity. Antimicrobial activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita) essential oil on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, with MIC of 1000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883 with MIC of 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL and CBM >= 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / mL and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 with MIC and CBM of 2000 ?g and 200 ?g. The other hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts presented bacteriostaticg / ml. The most prescribed herbal medicines in the basic health units of the municipality of Foz do Iguaçu are Guaco and Espinheira Santa. Considering the results of the experiments that point out the antibacterial and bacteriostatic activity of the most used medicinal plants in Foz do Iguaçu, it is possible to indicate that the extracts of Guaco, Peppermint, Espinheira Santa and Babosa as well as peppermint essential oil can serve as an alternative in the treatment of infectious diseases
143

Prevenção e diagnóstico da tuberculose em pessoas que vivem com aids: análise da assistência prestada / Prevention and diagnosis of tuberculosis among people living with AIDS: analysis of delivered care in Ribeirao Preto

Magnabosco, Gabriela Tavares 12 February 2015 (has links)
A tuberculose (TB) constitui a principal comorbidade a acometer as pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids (PVHA), sendo considerada a primeira causa de morte nesta população. Assim, a prevenção da coinfecção TB/HIV pelos Serviços de Atenção Especializada ao HIV/aids (SAE) se faz imprescindível. O estudo objetivou analisar a oferta e a integração das ações e serviços de saúde para a prevenção e o controle da TB nas PVHA pertencentes à rede de atenção ao HIV/aids do município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Utilizou-se o conceito teórico da integralidade da atenção, tomando como eixo de análise a oferta e a integração das ações e serviços dentro das equipes de referência e junto a outros profissionais/especialidades/serviços. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, do tipo inquérito, com abordagem quantitativa. Participaram 253 PVHA em acompanhamento nos cinco SAE sob gestão municipal, considerando-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: indivíduos maiores de 18 anos, residentes no próprio município e não pertencentes ao sistema prisional. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de janeiro/2012 a maio/2013, por meio de entrevistas com apoio de um instrumento específico. Os dados foram analisados por meio de distribuição de frequência, construção de indicadores e análise de correspondência múltipla. Quanto ao perfil dos sujeitos, identificou-se acometimento maior dentre o sexo feminino, faixa etária adulta, indivíduos casados/união estável e solteiros, baixa escolaridade, empregados e predomínio da classe econômica C. Tais características e especificidades sociais e demográficas expõem a complexidade que envolve a assistência às PVHA e, em contiguidade, o controle da TB nesta população. A oferta de ações e serviços para o controle da TB nas PVHA por todos os SAE do município foi considerada regular, reforçando a necessidade de melhor planejamento da assistência de forma integral, articulação dos profissionais nas equipes e entre estas e os demais serviços da rede, além da formação profissional e educação permanente. A integração, de modo geral, foi classificada como satisfatória, entretanto, identificou-se diferentes desempenhos entre os SAE, principalmente no que se refere à abordagem das condições sociais e encaminhamentos realizados, o que permite refletir sobre a complexidade da coordenação da assistência prestada às PVHA. O desafio que se coloca é pensar a integralidade da atenção que articule a oferta de ações e serviços de saúde para o controle da TB, sobretudo, destacando a necessidade de estratégias que favoreçam o desenvolvimento de ações compartilhadas e cooperadas dentro da equipe, entre os programas de TB e HIV/aids e entre os diferentes serviços, com o intuito de fortalecer a rede local de atenção visando a produção de um cuidado integral, singular e resolutivo. Para tanto, urge a necessidade de transformar os conceitos e práticas de saúde que orientam o processo de formação acadêmica no sentido de conceber profissionais capazes de compreensão e ação relativas à integralidade nas práticas de saúde / Tuberculosis (TB) is a major morbidity that affects people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLWHA), and it is considered the leading cause of death among this population. Thus, prevention of TB by HIV/AIDS Care Specialized Services is a prerogative. The study aimed to analyze the supply of health actions and the integration of health services for TB\' prevention and control among PLWHA in treatment at the HIV/AIDS care network in the city of Ribeirão Preto, SP. The theoretical concept of comprehensive care was used, by considering the supply and integration of programs and services within the reference teams and between other professionals/skills/services. This is an exploratory study, survey type, with a quantitative approach. A total of 253 PLWHA participated in the study. They were followed at the five municipal HIV/AIDS Specialized Assistance Services (SAS), and the following inclusion criteria were considered: patients over 18 years old, living in the study site and outside the prison system. Data collection was performed from January 2012 to May 2013, through interviews with the support of a specific instrument. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, indicators development and multiple correspondence analysis. Regarding the subjects\' profile, we identified a higher prevalence of females, adult age, married/stable union or single, low education, employees and a predominance of economic class C. Such social and demographic characteristics expose the complexity involving the assistance to PLWHA, and, as a result, the complexity of controlling TB in this population. The availability of services for TB control in PLHIV in all five SASs was rated as regular, reinforcing the need for better planning focused on comprehensive care, coordination of professionals inside their teams, as well as between different teams and services, thinking beyond vocational training and continuing education. Although integration was generally rated as satisfactory, SASs presented different performances, especially with regard to addressing the social conditions and establishing referrals, allowing a reflection on the complexity of PLWHA care coordination. The challenge that arises is thinking about an integrated care that articulates the availability of health actions and services for TB control, e highlighting the need for strategies that favor the development of cooperative actions within health teams, between TB and HIV/AIDS programs and among different services in order to strengthen the local care network and develop unique, decisive and comprehensive care. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transform the health concepts and practices that guide the process of academic training to build professionals capable of understanding and acting for comprehensive health practices
144

O Projeto Copiadora do CAPS: do trabalho de reproduzir coisas à produção de vida / Photocopier Project by CAPS: from work to reproduce thinks as a live production.

Aranha e Silva, Ana Luisa 08 August 1997 (has links)
A preocupação com a necessidade manifesta de inclusão no processo de produção da vida material por intermédio do trabalho, de uma parcela da população usuária de serviço de saúde mental, deu origem a este estudo. O cenário é o Centro de Atençao Psicossocial Prof. Luiz da Rocha Cerqueira (CAPS), estrutura de atenção à saúde mental substitutiva ao modelo hospitalocêntrico, que opera um projeto terapêutico construído de forma coletiva, a partir das necessidades dos usuários (indivíduos e famílias). Para a apreensão do significado do trabalho e do exercício de trabalhar utilizou-se o referencial do materialismo histórico e dialético, fundamentado no conceito de reabilitação psicossocial e se fez por intermédio da análise dos discursos dos usuários. Pretendeu-se compreender o significado da atividade produtiva do usuário-trabalhador vinculado a um dos Projetos Especiais desenvolvidos no CAPS - a copiadora - como instrumento de intervenção no seu poder de contratualidade social, aqui entendido como uma ampliação da sua capacidade de autonomia e emancipação. A finalidade é ser mais uma peça na construção do arsenal desse modelo de assistência à saúde mental, particularmente no que concerne à reconstrução da prática de enfermagem numa perspectiva transformadora em ralação à forma tradicional de mantenedora da ordem institucional. Os resultados indicam que os usuários possuem representações contraditórias acerca de algumas categorias empíricas, porém, de um modo geral, evidenciam a compreensão do trabalho como um instrumento que lhes possibilita acessar o campo dos direitos sociais. Essa outra condição dos sujeitos pode ser observada pelas mudanças internas e externas que experimentam, além de indicar um movimento de superação da condição anterior de usuário-trabalhador (doente que trabalha) para a de trabalhador-usuário (sujeito doente que pode trabalhar). / This study was born out of the preoccupation with the necessity manifested by a portion of the population which uses the mental health service linked to the process of production of material life through work. The site was the Prof. Luiz da Rocha Cerqueira Center for Psycho-Social Care (CAPS), which operates a therapeutic project assembled in a collective format, based on the needs of the users (individuals and families), structured to offer mental health care in lieu fo a hospital centered setting. Th intention was to understand the significance and practice of work using historic and dialetic materialism as a reference, based upon the concepts of psycosocial reabilitation and was performed throug the analysis of users' discourses. The goal was to aspire to understand the significance of user-worker production activity linked to one of the Special Projects developed by CAPS - The Photocopier - as an intervention instrument within the framwork of the social contract, thath is understood as an amplification of one capacity for autonomy and emancipation. The final objective is being an additional piece in the construction of an arsenal of mental health assistence's models, particulary when it concerns the reconstruction of the practice of nursing as a transforming perspective in relation to the tradition form of maintaining institutional order. The results indicate that users have contradictory representations in regard to somo empirical categories, nevertheless, in general manner, there's evidence of comprehension of work as an instrument that enables them access to social rights. This can be observed by internal and external changes experimented and besides by a movement of overcoming the previous condition of user/worker (patient who works) to worker/user (patient able to work).
145

Enfrentamento do bullying na escola: o Teatro do Oprimido como estratégia de intervenção / Facing bullying in school: the Theater of the Oppressed as intervention strategy

Alencastro, Lidiane Cristina da Silva 12 April 2018 (has links)
Bullying escolar é definido como comportamentos negativos e/ou agressivos de intimidação que são realizados intencionalmente e repetidamente, marcado pelo desequilíbrio de poder entre vítimas e agressores. Sem motivação aparente, o fenômeno pode se manifestar nas formas física, verbal e/ou psicológica, implicando diretamente o desenvolvimento dos estudantes devido aos seus efeitos negativos e a suas altas taxas de ocorrência. Ele é caracterizado, ainda, como grave problema de Saúde Pública. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção educativa na ocorrência do bullying entre adolescentes escolares de Cuiabá-MT, por meio de oficinas de dramatização baseadas na metodologia do Teatro do Oprimido. Trata-se de um estudo quase experimental, em que oficinas foram realizadas com um grupo (grupo- intervenção) e se estabeleceu um grupo-comparação. Participaram do estudo adolescentes que estudavam no 1º Ano do Ensino Médio de duas escolas públicas de Cuiabá-MT, selecionados a partir de resultados de pesquisa anterior. Em uma escola ocorreu a intervenção e na outra se constituiu o grupo-comparação. Os dois grupos foram avaliados três vezes para obter os seguintes índices: 1) base de referência antes da intervenção, 2) medida de primeiro efeito ao final da intervenção (pós-intervenção), e 3) medida após seis meses do fim da intervenção (follow up), totalizando um acompanhamento total de oito meses. Na intervenção, os adolescentes vivenciaram jogos grupais, propostos e criados por Augusto Boal e participaram da organização e apresentação de uma encenação de Teatro Fórum. Na coleta de dados, utilizou-se um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e a Escala de Agressão e Vitimização entre Pares. Para análise dos dados foi realizado teste de qui-quadrado para as variáveis sociodemográficas, teste t para comparação entre os grupos-intervenção e comparação, frequência e porcentagem para descrever as variáveis entre os tempos e foi considerado nível de significância de 5% (p>0,05). Os resultados apontaram que, logo após a intervenção, a vitimização física direta reduziu significativamente. No seguimento (follow up), essa redução foi identificada na agressão e vitimização físicas diretas. Destaca-se, também, que a escola-comparação apresentou aumento significativo do bullying, em todas suas formas de manifestação, no momento do follow up. No que diz respeito à forma de manifestação da agressão física direta, a intervenção foi mais eficaz na redução significativa do ato de xingar e provocar colegas, enquanto a vitimização física direta de ser xingado por colegas, na fase pós-intervenção, e de ser provocado por colegas, apenas revelou eficácia no período de seguimento (follow up). O presente estudo se apresenta como a primeira intervenção antibullying pautada em oficinas de dramatização, com a técnica do Teatro do Oprimido, no cenário nacional. Desse modo, na pesquisa em tela, pôde-se confirmar a tese de que adolescentes estudantes do Ensino Médio que participaram de uma intervenção educativa de dramatização, com base no Teatro do Oprimido, apresentaram melhor enfrentamento do bullying, com resultados positivos na redução de sua ocorrência / School bullying is defined as negative and / or aggressive behaviors of bullying that are carried out intentionally and repeatedly, marked by the imbalance of power between victims and aggressors. Without apparent motivation, the phenomenon can manifest itself in physical, verbal and / or psychological forms, directly implying student development due to its negative effects and high occurrence rates. It is also characterized as a serious public health problem. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze the effects of an educational intervention on the occurrence of bullying among school adolescents in Cuiabá-MT, through drama workshops based on the methodology of the Theater of the Oppressed. It is a quasi-experimental study, in which workshops were carried out with a group (intervention group) and a comparison group was established. The study included adolescents who studied in the 1st Year of High School of two public schools in Cuiabá-MT, selected from previous research results. In one school the intervention occurred and in the other the comparison group was constituted. The two groups were evaluated three times to obtain the following indices: 1) baseline before intervention, 2) first-effect measure at the end of the intervention (postintervention), and 3) measured after six months of the end of intervention ( follow up), totaling a total of eight months. In the intervention, the adolescents experienced group games, proposed and created by Augusto Boal and participated in the organization and presentation of a Theater Forum staging. In the data collection, a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire and the Aggression and Victimization Scale among Peers were used. The chi-square test was used for sociodemographic variables, t-test for comparison between intervention groups and comparison, frequency and percentage to describe the variables between the times, and a significance level of 5% (p> 0.05). The results showed that, shortly after the intervention, direct physical victimization reduced significantly. In follow-up, this reduction was identified in direct physical aggression and victimization. It is also worth noting that school-comparison showed a significant increase in bullying, in all its forms of manifestation, at the time of follow up. Regarding the form of manifestation of direct physical aggression, the intervention was more effective in reducing significantly the act of cursing and provoking colleagues, while the direct physical victimization of being cursed by colleagues in the postintervention phase and of being provoked by colleagues, only showed efficacy in the follow-up period. The present study is presented as the first antibullying intervention based on drama workshops, with the technique of the Theater of the Oppressed, in the national scenario. Thus, in the screen survey, it was possible to confirm the thesis that adolescents of high school students who participated in an educational intervention of dramatization, based on the Theater of the Oppressed, presented a better confrontation of bullying, with positive results in the reduction of their occurrence
146

Condições de saúde, trabalho e hábitos de vida de trabalhadores de um campus universitário /

Dini, Nadia Cecilia Castilho. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Maria Antonieta De Barros Leite Carvalhaes / Coorientador: Maria Cristina Pereira Lima / Banca: Carmem Maria Casquel Monti Juliani / Banca: Luzmarina Aparecida Doretto Braccialli / Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as condições de saúde, trabalho e hábitos de vida de trabalhadores, docentes e técnicos-administrativos, de um campus de uma universidade pública voltada ao ensino e à pesquisa. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal do tipo inquérito de saúde, com coleta de dados mediante um questionário autopreenchível entregue aos servidores e recolhido após aproximadamente duas semanas. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos e demográficos sobre condições de saúde atuais e pregressas, uso de serviços de saúde e de medicações, hospitalizações e acidentes; autoavaliação de saúde; práticas preventivas e vida reprodutiva; alimentação, atividade física e uso de tabaco. Foram aplicadas escalas validadas para avaliação da adequação do apoio social, da saúde mental e do uso de álcool: respectivamente, escala de apoio social percebido; Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20); AUDIT. A história e posição atual no trabalho, as percepções do trabalhador sobre seu trabalho e a presença de estresse associado ao trabalho (avaliada mediante a escala "Job Stress") também foram investigadas. De um total de 177 docentes e 198 servidores elegíveis, 77(44%) e 138(72%), respectivamente, concordaram em participar do estudo e responderam ao questionário. Os dados foram tabulados no programa Epi Info e analisados no Microsoft Excel 2010 e PASW Statistics 18. Apresentamos estatísticas descritivas (frequências e médias/medianas, conforme a natureza da variável) das principais variáveis de interesse e os resultados das análises (univariadas) que investigaram a presença de associação entre renda e autoavaliação da saúde, entre saúde mental e estresse no trabalho e entre saúde mental e apoio social. Estas associações foram avaliadas por meio do teste qui quadrado (x²), fixando-se como nível de significância p<0,05. Dentre os principais resultados, destacaram-se: 40,5% dos participantes ... / Abstract: The importance of health promotion and disease prevention has been increasing in recent decades, with the possible observation that the disease process comes from broad factors. The general objective of this study is to analyze the conditions of health, work and living habits of workers, teachers and technical administrators in a campus of a public university. Crosssectional study of type health survey has been applied. A self-administered questionnaire was used delivered to the servers. Social and Demographics data were collected about current and past health condition, medical services and medication use, hospitalizations and accidents, health self evaluations, preventing practices and reproductive life. MOS scale was applied about available social support, SRQ-20 questionnaire, about risk of common mental disorder, AUDIT inventory, about alcohol usage and eating habits, physical activities and smoking, adapted from VIGITEL questionnaire. The historic and current position at work were also evaluated, although the worker's perception about his job and stressful situations. A total of 177 professors and 198 eligible workers, 77(44%) e 138(72%) respectively, all agreed to take part in the study and answered the questionnaire. Data collected were tabulated and analyzed using Epi Info in Excel and PASW Statistics 18. We presented descriptive statistics (frequency, average and median according to the variable nature) of the main variable of interests and outcomes (univariate) that investigated the presence of association between income and health self evaluation, Job Stress e SRQ-20, Support net and SRQ-20. These associations were investigated by the chi square test (x ²), setting the level of significance set at p <0.05. Among all the data collected there might be highlighted that 40,5% reported disease related to cardiovascular diseases, 48,4% used some kind of medicine the seven days before, 54,4% declared having good or excellent ... / Mestre
147

Examination of management roles and functions of the clinic registered nurse-in-charge in Ethekwini District.

Shandu, Victoria Nonsikelelo. January 2008 (has links)
Background: South Africa, similar to most developing countries is faced with ever increasing demands for health care emanating from various reasons, which include a quadruple burden of disease. More appropriate health policies have been developed since the new government dispensation post-1994. Most of these have been implemented. These include, inter alia, the District Health System (DHS) as a vehicle to deliver Primary Health Care services. The decentralization principle was key to the implementation of the DHS and was intended to shift decision making to the periphery to improve overall responsiveness to local health needs. Study Aim: The study aimed at exploring the management roles and functions of the Registered Nurse-In-Charge of Primary Health Care clinics in eThekwini District, both from a policy and operational perspective. It is envisaged that this body of knowledge will contribute to policy development for effective, efficient and economical management of PHC service delivery at clinic level. Methodology: The study was conducted in eThekwini District and adopted a qualitative design. The target population was the Registered Nurses-In-Charge of clinics. The sampling method employed was purposive, a priori heterogeneous sampling. Data collection methods used included in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions. Eight indepth interviews were conducted on key informants. Two were from a municipal clinic, two were from a provincial clinic and two were from a state subsidized clinic. One was conducted on the District Programme Manager and one on the District Primary Health Care Coordinator. Three focus group discussions were conducted: one with clinic nurses, one with Registered Nurses-In-Charge, and one with Primary Health Care Clinic Supervisors. Data analysis was undertaken using the deductive content analysis which was done according to the predetermined categories guided by the objectives. Within these broad groupings of responses, themes, sub-themes and patterns were established, noting particular similarities and differences between respondents. The patterns were aligned to the study objectives in order to keep focus on the research question Findings: The study revealed that although the Registered Nurses-ln-Charge of clinics possessed certain particular theoretical knowledge on the management roles and functions required of them at clinic level, most of these functions were not being performed. The policy documents, including the Registered Nurses-In-Charge's job descriptions, indicated gaps in relation to the management roles and functions required of Registered Nurses-In- Charge. In certain instances the policy omitted functions that were in the job descriptions and vice versa. This showed that the policy documents were not considered in the development of job descriptions. Major gaps were in leadership and planning, human resource management, financial management and information management. The gaps in the policy documents and job descriptions were attributed to the narrow decision space transferred to the clinics. Most management functions of clinics are still held at support institutions be it at a hospital or community health centre. Some of the reasons reported by the Registered Nurses-In-Charge themselves, as limiting the fulfillment of management roles and functions, were lack of orientation and training on management, lack of dedicated clinic managers, staff shortage and lack of support from clinic supervisors and the support institution. Conclusion: The recommendations include building management capacity, and reviewing the degree of decision space transferred to clinics if they are to succeed in fulfilling the function of being the first entry point into the health system. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
148

Skills required by nurses at primary health care level in a district health system.

Mbambo, Ellen Stusile. January 2002 (has links)
The purpose of the study was to do a task analysis.of PHC nurse practice by identifying the skills required by nurses working at the primary health care clinic in order to plan staff development programmes. The objectives were: to compile ; an extensive list of possible tasks; engage Primary Health Care Nurses in identifying the frequency of tasks executed; and engage Primary Health Care Nurses in determining how important are the tasks in their practice. This was a descriptive survey. A mail survey was used to collect data. Two stratified random samples of nurses were drawn from the sample frame of Uthukela Health District. The sample consisted of 84 Primary Health Care Nurses; 59 registered nurses, 17 enrolled nurses, and 8 enrolled nursing auxiliaries. The questionnaire was developed based on PHC core package, other literature and services provided at PHC clinics. It had three sections; section one and dealt with demographic data, section two consisted of the list of activities that describe the nursing practice and the respondents had to indicate the frequency of performing the activity and importance of the activity and section three dealt with the activities that the respondent perform but were not included in the list provided. The response from mailed questionnaires was 72%. The results show that . I eleven items were rated very frequent by 70% of the nurses, forty-four items rated frequent by more than 50% of the nurses. Twenty-seven tasks were rated as important by 50% or more of the nurses. In frequency and importance, nineteen items score above 1 standard deviation on this index. In the clinical tasks, promotive and preventive service predominated. A high percentage of these tasks were done very frequently and were seen as important. / Thesis (M.Cur.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
149

A history of Black leaders in nursing : the influence of four Black community health nurses on the establishment, growth, and practice of public health nursing in New York City, 1900-1930 /

Mosley, Marie Oleatha Pitts. January 1992 (has links)
Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1992. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Elizabeth Tucker. Dissertation Committee: Douglas S. Sloan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-175).
150

Public health nurses' perception of socio-economic factors which affect the pursuit of health care services by low-income black adults living in Washtenaw County, Michigan a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /

Craig, Mayble E. January 1983 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1983.

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