Swedish local governments participate in different forms of intermunicipal cooperation in particular policy fields to achieve benefits of scale. This is often thought to improve efficiency and/or facilitate recruitment of experts and other competent personnel, aspects which are considered deficient in many municipalities as a consequence of demographical changes. Intermunicipal cooperation has become a widely used measure to face these challenges.However, there is little empirical evidence supporting that benefits of scale are realized – and the many forms of cooperation municipalities participate in is considered to affect local governments’ democratic anchorage negatively due to the principal-agent problem that arises. In this essay the effects of intermunicipal cooperation have been studied in an explorative way, with both quantitative and qualitative methods. Firstly, the effects on efficiency and need of additional personnel are examined with descriptive statistics from local government environmental inspection (food safety). Secondly, interviews have been conducted with local politicians and local government head officials exploring how the democratic deficit arising from intermunicipal cooperation is perceived from a transaction cost perspective. The interviewees represent a total of four municipalities (medium or small sized), two of which engage in a joint committee in local government environmental authority (which includes food control), the other two engage in a joint administration in the same policy field.The findings from the descriptive statistical analysis does not give solid evidence of improved efficiency or improved organizational competencies. However, the interviewees percieve these aspects as improved by intermunicipal cooperation. The findings from the qualitative approach is that the democratic deficit is perceived as problematic by the local politicians, but that several circumstances influence how problematic it really is. If the municipality needs cooperation to function, and the cooperation delivers satisfactory service, the principal-agent problem is more likely to be tolerated by the principal i.e. the citizens. Other factors seem to matter as well, factors such as: which policy field the cooperation is conducted, if the service is kept in the municipality’s vicinity, and if there is trust between the cooperating municipalities.

The study investigates the establishment and development of the Kimberley Africana Library and its mother institution, the Kimberley Public Library within the broader social, economical and political environment in which they took place. The history of these institutions is inextricable until 1984 when the public and Africana sections of the Library were separated and the Kimberley Africana Library was opened to the public in 1986. It was the exceptional collections of Africana and rare books which distinguished the Kimberley Public Library and the main factor which bound the history of these two institutions. The Kimberley Public Library and its progeny the Kimberley Africana Library are the products of a new industrialised era which came about after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa. They emanated from an environment which produced the new wealth of the country, an almost uncharted region which was relatively new to the established British colonies. In order to place the origins of and motivation for the establishment of the Kimberley Public Library and the Kimberley Africana Library in perspective, it is necessary in this study also to include an overview of the development of the diamond mining industry in Kimberley. This development, peculiar as it was to Kimberley, gave rise to the type of social and cultural milieu in which the Public Library was founded by the immigrants to this area. Also included in the study is a brief survey of the development of the library movement in South Africa and the role played by the Kimberley Public Library in the growth of this movement and in the expansion of public library services to the people of the country. The history of the Kimberley Public/Africana Library which covers a period of more than a century is divided into three distinct periods, namely that which deals with the institution as a Subscription Library from 1882 until 1960 and, from 1961 as a free library under the jurisdiction of the Kimberley Municipality and affiliated to the Cape Provincial Library Service. The third period concerns the dichotomisation of the Kimberley Public Library and the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library in 1986 to house the Library’s renowned collection of Africana and rare books. This section also deals with the period after 1994 when the Kimberley Libraries functioned under the new political dispensation in South Africa. Emphasis is laid on the formation, nature and scope of the Africana Collection which was the raison d’etre for the establishment of the Kimberley Africana Library and the most significant of the items in the collection are broadly described. The study concludes with an assessment of the challenges the Kimberley Africana Library faces and suggests ways and means of resolving these. An Appendix entitled The Founders and the Builders is added in order to elaborate on the exceptional contributions of several prominent Committee members and Librarians who controlled and managed these institutions from their inception in 1882 until 2008. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)

The article provides introductory notions about the new regulatory framework of the European Union on public procurement. The author argues that this new legislation forces us to rethink how articulate it to satisfies the public interest with respect to the principles of equality, efficiency, transparency, efficiency and accountability. It also forces us to rethink the administrative organization in the light of the own principles of public law. All that with the objective to approach us to the paradigm of the right to good administration as an element of control and accountability. / El artículo brinda nociones introductorias sobre el nuevo marco regulatorio de la Unión Europea sobre contratación pública. El autor sostiene que esta nueva normativa obliga a repensar en cómo articularla a fin de que satisfaga los intereses públicos con respeto a los principios de igualdad, eficacia, transparencia, eficiencia y rendición de cuentas. Además, obliga a repensar la organización administrativa a la luz de los propios fundamentos del derecho público. Todo ello con miras a acercarse al paradigma del derecho a una buena administración como elemento del control y de rendición de cuentas.

Submitted by Gabriella Marques de Azevedo dos Santos (gazevedo@fgvmail.br) on 2017-03-20T18:49:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final para publicação - 20.03.pdf: 1587313 bytes, checksum: c0db901fd23b3df984ff7a19e274f2a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Publicação Direito Rio (publicacao.direitorio@fgv.br) on 2017-03-21T18:12:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final para publicação - 20.03.pdf: 1587313 bytes, checksum: c0db901fd23b3df984ff7a19e274f2a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-03T19:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão final para publicação - 20.03.pdf: 1587313 bytes, checksum: c0db901fd23b3df984ff7a19e274f2a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03 / This paper aims to develop about the possibility of contracts with flexible term in different situations in the Brazilian infrastructure scenario. Flexible terms when used as contractual renegotiations deserve greater attention, especially in relation to governance, because the number of their incidence is increasing in Latin America. However, renegotiation of the infrastructure contracts has contributed to the increase of cost and business’ inefficiency. Case studies in the energy sector and highway sector show renegotiation assumptions and reveal negative consequences arising from its process. In the energy sector, the change in the system of energy commercialization affected the concession of use of public property to independent producers of electricity power. The extension of the term of these contracts was the proposed solution to mitigate the risks involved. About São Paulo State´s highway concessions, the economic crisis was the cause of the extension of the term as object of renegotiation. It is proposed a more efficient management of the 'flexible term' mechanism as a hypothesis of renegotiation. This tool presents benefits to different infrastructure sectors, if they are well designed and structured. It is necessary, however, respect the importance given, by the Law 8.987/95, to fixing of terms as an essential clause of the concession contract. The recent 'Investments Partnerships Program' emerges to strengthen the attempt to provide legal certainty and predictability in cases of renegotiation of concession contracts. The mechanisms of control and transparency can be imported to the other hypotheses of extension of contractual term that not only due to new investments. A space for greater dialogue between public and private actors, including regulators, should be fostered. It is argued that the possibility of predicting flexible deadlines for infrastructure contracts can contribute to the mitigation of business risks, making contract execution more efficient. / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de desenvolver raciocínio acerca da possibilidade de atribuir ao ordenamento jurídico brasileiro contratos com prazo flexível no cenário da infraestrutura. Prazos flexíveis quando utilizados como objeto de renegociações contratuais merecem maior atenção, em especial em relação à governança, visto que o número de incidência é crescente na América Latina. Evidencia-se, contudo, que a renegociação na seara da infraestrutura tem contribuído para o aumento de custo e ineficiência dos negócios. Estudos de casos no setor elétrico e no setor de rodovias, cujas hipóteses de renegociação foram prorrogações dos prazos contratuais, revelam consequências negativas advindas de seu processo. No setor de energia elétrica, a mudança na sistemática da comercialização de energia afetou diretamente os contratos de concessão de uso de bem público dos produtores independentes de energia. A prorrogação do prazo dos contratos foi a solução proposta para mitigar os riscos envolvidos. Na seara das concessões de rodovias do Estado de São Paulo, a prorrogação do prazo como objeto de renegociação teve como causa, mudanças na legislação tributária, frutos da crise econômica à época. Neste trabalho, propõe-se um manejo mais eficiente do mecanismo da flexibilização de prazo como hipótese de renegociação. Trata-se de ferramenta que apresenta benefícios aos diferentes setores de infraestrutura, desde que bem elaboradas e estruturadas. É preciso, contudo, respeitar a importância dada pela Lei 8.987/95, como cláusula essencial do contrato de concessão, a fixação de prazo. O recente Programa de Parcerias de Investimentos surge para reforçar a tentativa de proporcionar segurança jurídica e previsibilidade ao ordenamento jurídico em casos de renegociação dos contratos de concessão. Os mecanismos de controle e transparência podem ser importados às demais hipóteses de prorrogação de prazo contratual que não apenas em razão de novos investimentos. Para isso, deve-se fomentar um espaço de maior diálogo entre os agentes públicos e privados, incluindo as entidades reguladoras. Sustenta-se que a possibilidade de previsão de prazos flexíveis aos contratos de infraestrutura pode contribuir para a mitigação dos riscos do negócio, tornando a execução dos contratos mais eficiente.

The study set out to investigate the provision of sustainable internet access to public libraries in South Africa. The rationale of the study was to investigate how sustainable internet access can be provided to public libraries in South Africa and to determine how they have developed and are regulated. Internet access is a key driver in delivering information services to the users and a critical tool in facilitating information sharing regardless of platform and geographic location. Therefore, the level of information and communications technology (ICT) penetration in public libraries formed a critical part of the study as the provision of internet to these libraries depends on available ICTs. The study employed a survey design and used interview tool to collect data from nine participants. Questionnaire augmented interviews as they were used to collect data from 322 respondents. The study used the probability sampling technique to collect data from the participants. The purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants for the interview, whereas the stratified probability, proportional to size, and systematic techniques were also used to select respondents in the senior categories, namely heads of public libraries. This ensured a sample size of 331 out of a population of 1 621 selected for the study. The sample size consisted of nine directors and 322 head librarians. No sampling was done on the nine heads (directors) of provincial public libraries, as the nature of this population did not warrant further dissection due to its small size. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to analyse data. Questionnaires were analysed when they were returned and interviews were analysed when they were conducted. Written descriptions, tables and figures were used to present data in an elaborative manner. Data was also presented through frequencies and percentages. It emerged from the study that most public libraries (97%) were connected to the internet. The findings of the study showed that most public libraries (80%) were connected to the internet through the fixed lines and that each of the nine provinces had its own internet service providers (table 5.12). The study recommended fixed lines for internet access to be laid to all public libraries in South Africa and that a government agency be used as a dedicated internet service provider for public libraries across all the nine provinces. A further study was recommended about the application of an internet access model used by academic institutions to public libraries. / Information Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)

Title: Sport as a Public Service: Equity and Efficiency of Local Sport Facilities In the Czech Republic, clubs traditionally played a key role in providing sport facilities. In recent years, the role of local authorities in sport has strengthened. Hence, there have been changes in the management of sport facilities in the context of new trends in public administration and sport participation. The thesis analyzes and evaluates current modes of provision of public sport facilities as the consequence of these changes. The examined issue is narrowed down to the two theoretical concepts - sport equity and efficiency of sport facilities. These are perceived as a part of the performance of sport facilities (see Liu et al., 2009 or Kung and Taylor, 2010). The first part of the thesis aims to test the effect of different forms of management of sports facilities on the sport equity score in the framework of institutional analysis (Houlihan, 2005). On the basis of the original instrument for measuring of sport equity, the survey is carried out. The research sample (N = 193) is made up by the municipalities with extended powers, except for regional cities and Prague. The second part of the thesis has the character of an action research. The author evaluates the application of the NBS: Financial questionnaire...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:18:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elaine1.pdf: 68069 bytes, checksum: cd260d38deaa4ba74891474ac9c74d01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present dissertation reports a study performed in the Social Organizations of Itajaí Region, Santa Catarina, aiming to identify these entities contributions in the implementation of Working and Income Policies. The Third Sector Organizations have broaden their acting in modern societies. First, through the overture given by the State to formalize these actions, that have being executed since long ago by individuals around a common cause. Second, by the human being's need of giving sense to its work; by its incessant search for happiness through collectivity. However, there is not sedimented management way in this ambient. The knowledgement in these fields are built and rebuilt each day, characterizing into constant dilemma to the researchers' eyes. Allied to this conjuncture is the growing worry of the public managers in visualizing the public policies as a cycle whose effectivity depends on a range of distinct actors. For that, the predominant values in the Public Administration need new delineation. The New Public Service appears then as a theoretical framework in construction, based on values of citizenship, dialogue, citizen participation, spirit and public interest. From an understanding about the Social Organizations, the Third Sector, the Public Policies, the Social Nets and the Co-production of Public Services; it is defined the conceptual map that guides the research application. It is a descriptive research, with a qualitative/quantitative approach, performed in eight social organizations of Itajaí Region, which execute actions vinculated to the Working and Income Policies. The data was collected through a questionnaire and, when needed, a complementary interview, within the period of November, 2008 January, 2009. The data was treated and analysed from the conceptual map, integrated to the emergent variables along the research application. The organizations were analysed concerning to the Accountability, Citizenship, Dialogue, Public Spirit, Citizen Participation, Decentralization, Shared Leadership, Motivation, Roles Definition, Shared Objectives, Trust and Continued Learning. It is verifyed that the researched social organizations' contributions are directly related to the space they provide to the citizens to co-produce actions turned to specific demands in their communities, constituting favourable arranges to the essential elements for the construction of new management ways based in the New Public Service. However, the analyzed net presents embryonic characteristics related to the broaden perspectives of actuation that the arrange of net offers. It is the Public Administrators' concern to act in this ambient in a way to potentiate the social capital available, aiming to reach better results in the public policies implementation / A presente dissertação relata um estudo aplicado nas organizações sociais da Região de Itajaí, Santa Catarina, visando identificar as contribuições dessas entidades na implementação de políticas de Trabalho e Renda. As organizações do Terceiro Setor têm ampliado sua atuação nas sociedades modernas. Primeiro, pela abertura dada pelo Estado para a formalização dessas ações, que há muito são executadas por indivíduos reunidos em torno de uma causa comum. Segundo, pela necessidade do ser humano dar sentido ao seu trabalho; pela sua incessante busca pela felicidade por meio da coletividade. Entretanto, não há forma de gestão sedimentada nesse ambiente. A cada dia, os saberes nesse campo são construídos e reconstruídos, caracterizando-se em consta tes dilemas aos olhos dos pesquisadores. Aliada a essa conjuntura, está a crescente preocupação dos gestores públicos em visualizar a política pública como um ciclo, cuja efetividade depende de uma gama de atores distintos. Para isso, os valores predominantes na Administração Pública necessitam de novas delineações. O Novo Serviço Público surge, então, como um arcabouço teórico em construção pautado em valores de cidadania, diálogo, participação cidadã, espírito e interesse público. Partindo de um entendimento sobre as Organizações Sociais, o Terceiro Setor, as Políticas Públicas, as Redes Sociais e a Coprodução dos Serviços Públicos; é definido o mapa conceitual que norteia a aplicação da pesquisa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualiquantitativa, realizada em oito organizações sociais da Região de Itajaí que executam ações vinculadas às políticas de Trabalho e Renda. Os dados foram coletados por meio de aplicação de questionário e entrevista complementar, quando necessário, no período entre Novembro/2008 a Janeiro/2009. Os dados foram tratados e analisados a partir do mapa conceitual, integrado às variáveis emergentes no decorrer da aplicação da pesquisa. As organizações foram analisadas quanto às variáveis de Accoutability, Cidadania, Diálogo, Espírito Público, Interesse Público, Participação Cidadão, Descentralização, Liderança Compartilhada, Motivação, Definição de Papéis, Objetivos Compartilhados, Confiança e Aprendizagem Continuada. Verifica-se que as contribuições das organizações sociais pesquisadas estão diretamente relacionadas ao espaço que elas proporcionam aos cidadãos para co-produzirem ações voltadas às demandas específicas de suas comunidades, constituindo-se em arranjos favoráveis aos elementos essenciais para a construção de novas formas de gestão fundamentadas no Novo Serviço Público. No entanto, a rede analisada apresenta características embrionárias relacionadas às amplas perspectivas de atuação que o arranjo de rede oferece. Cabe aos Administradores Públicos atuarem nesse ambiente de forma a potencializar o capital social disponível, visando o alcance de melhores resultados na implementação de políticas públicas

Ce travail confronte le phénomène de l’internationalisation des pratiques de gestion des entreprises à celui de la légitimité des institutions intermédiaires. L’étude de cas porte sur l’internationalisation d’une entreprise française, Veolia Environnement, en Suède et en Roumanie. Cette firme est dite « urbaine » dans la mesure où elle est spécialisée dans les services publics locaux. Les résultats attestent des processus de légitimation que la « firme urbaine » déploie au moyen de sa « dimension institutionnelle » lors de son expansion internationale. Ils prennent la forme de régulations « par le haut » et « par le bas ». Lorsque la firme régule « par le haut », elle tente de mettre en place des types de coopération avec les institutions publiques. Lors de la régulation « par le bas », elle impulse un modèle gestionnaire, couplé à des formes de socialisation des individus, dans les organisations du travail. Dans les deux cas, la firme tente de prolonger ou assurer le rôle dévolu à l’autorité publique, d’où sa « dimensions institutionnelle ». La légitimité de la « firme urbaine » est ainsi mise à l’épreuve de la régulation d’une action collective se confrontant à un principe démocratique variable selon les pays. En France, la « firme urbaine » développe sa « dimension institutionnelle » en raison de l’existence d’une démocratie déléguée. En Suède, son action est limitée par la démocratie participative effective. En Roumanie, la démocratie en constitution représente, certes un obstacle à son expansion économique mais, en revanche, un terrain favorable au développement de sa « dimension institutionnelle ». / This work confronts the phenomenon of management practices internationalization of corporations to the legitimacy of intermediate institutions. The case study deals with the internationalization of a French company, Veolia Environnement, in Sweden and Romania. Being specialized in local public services, this firm is considered as “urban”. The results show the legitimating processes the “urban firm” resorts to while settling abroad thanks to its “institutional dimension”. Such processes turn into “high-level” and “low-level” regulations. When the firm regulates on the “high level”, it tries to implement cooperation strategies with the public institutions. When the firm regulates on the “low-level”, it promotes a management model, associated with individuals’ socialization processes, into the labor organizations. In both cases the firm aims at pursuing or replacing the public authority, hence its “institutional dimension”. Thus, the legitimacy of the “urban firm” depends on the regulation of a collective action that faces a democratic principle varying according to the countries. In France, the “urban firm” develops its “institutional dimension” owing to the fact that there is a delegated democracy. In Sweden, its action is limited by the effective participating democracy. As to Romania, the democracy in constitution can, on the one hand, be seen as an obstacle to its economic expansion. But on the other hand, it enables the development of its “institutional dimension”.

Quarante ans de politiques publiques d’environnement ont profondément modifié la gestion de l’eau et des déchets. Beaucoup de choses ont changé : le référentiel gestionnaire n’est plus le même, la législation s’est renforcée, les enjeux territoriaux se sont recomposés, les modalités et l’échelle d’intervention publique ont été remodelées… En un mot, l’action publique territoriale s’est recomposée. Progressivement, les acteurs territoriaux ont inventé de nouvelles formes d’organisation, eu égard aux conditions et aux problématiques spécifiques de leurs territoires. Quelle(s) forme(s) ces recompositions peuvent-elles prendre ? Et selon quelle(s) trajectoire(s) ? Existe-t-il des invariants ? Qui pilote ces dynamiques territoriales et quelle place occupent les collectivités ? L’objectif de la thèse est de mettre en lumière l’existence d’une variété de formes d’organisation territoriale dédiées à la gestion de l’eau potable et des déchets municipaux, à partir d’une entrée « services publics ». Par le biais de monographies départementales, la thèse met à l’épreuve de la réalité du terrain les résultats d’une importante revue de littérature. Cela permet ainsi de mettre en exergue la force des coalitions d’acteurs et le jeu structurant entre Conseils Généraux et pôles urbains dans ces trajectoires de recomposition, ou encore l’existence d’un phénomène d’hybridation des modes de régulation influençant les trajectoires départementales. Enfin, en croisant la littérature spécifique à l’action publique et la grille d’analyse développée, la thèse propose de contribuer au lexique analytique de ce domaine d’étude. / After forty years of environmental public policies, drinking water and municipal waste management changed. For instance, the paradigm of environmental sectors management evolved, the legislation strengthened and the emergence of new environmental issues changed the territorial organizations… Step by step, territorial actors created new forms of organization, in regard to the special issues of their territories. What kind of forms these evolutions can take ? What are the territorial trajectories ? Can we observe some straightness ? Who governs these dynamics and what is the role of territorial public institutions ? The thesis shows the existence of different forms of territorial organizations at the “départemental” level of the French institutions, dealing with public services involved to the drinking water and municipal waste management. With four monographs, the thesis shows the power of advocacy coalitions and urban cities in the trajectories of evolution. These appear also oriented by different regulation’s hybridization phenomena. With all these results, the author proposes at last to contribute to the analysis's lexicon of this domain of research.

Ofta hämtas forskning inom Human Resource (HR) och Human Resource Management (HRM) från företagsekonomiska institutioner. Begreppsbildningen präglas av management och organisationsteori med fokus hur funktionen skapar det bästa värdet för organisationen. Här finns som jag ser det en lucka att fylla. Det här är en uppsats i den praktiska kunskapens teori. Med utgångspunkt i främst hermeneutiken samt Dreyfus och Dreyfus inlärningssteg undersöker jag HR-partnerns yrkeskunnande och jag problematiserar handlingsutrymmets betydelse för detta yrkeskunnande. Jag har genomfört fyra djupintervjuer med två HR-partners, en HR-chef och en chef som är kund hos HR-avdelningen. Uppsatsen visar att i den kommun jag undersökt och givit det fingerade namnet Ärlanda, inte främst är de formella strukturerna som avgör hur HR-partnern handlar. Ju bättre förvaltningens förväntningar stämmer överens med HR-funktionens uppdrag och den enskilda HR-medarbetarens samlade kunskap och erfarenhet, desto större blir handlingsutrymmet. Det leder till att HR partnern kan handla och arbeta förebyggande och långsiktigt. Risken som jag ser är att HR-funktionen i sin strävan att utgöra ett professionellt HR-stöd med standardiserade rutiner som underlättar för organisationens chefer även låser fast sin egen yrkesutövning vid enklare rutinartade arbetsuppgifter. På sikt riskeras att förmågan att handla klokt i den enskilda situationen gå förlorad. / It is common, that research in the area of Human Resource (HR) and Human Resource Management (HRM),  is placed at schools of business and administration. The conceptualization is characterized by management and organization theory, focusing on how the function creates the best value for the organization. Here, as I see it, is a gap to fill. This essay, built on the theory of practical knowledge, is primarily based on hermeneutics and Dreyfus and Dreyfus's learning theory.  I investigate the professional skills of the HR-partner and I problematize about the importance of the latitude of the HR partner's professional skills. I have conducted four deep interviewers with; two HR-partners, one HR-manager, and one manager who is the customer of the services of the HR-department. The essay shows that in the municipality I have investigated, which I have given the fictive name Ärlanda, it is not primarily the formal structures that determine how the HR-partner is acting. The latitude for the HR-partner to act and use all his or her work skills is dependent upon a consistency between the expectations of the business, the mission of the HR-department and the individual HR employee's experiences. This will give a space to act in prevention and work with issues at the long range term. Otherwise, as I see it, there is a risk in the endeavor of the HR-department to provide professional HR support with standardized procedures that ease the work of the managers in the organization. This risk is that the professional skills of the HR-partner get occupied by the routine assignments. In the long run, this will be at the expense of the ability to act wisely in the specific situation.