Als Organisationsmodelle haben Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in den zurückliegenden Jahren geradezu rasant an Bedeutung gewonnen. Das unterstreicht nicht zuletzt auch die Vielfalt der seither zu diesem Thema erschienenen Literatur. Allerdings – auch das zeigen viele Veröffentlichungen – bereitet oft schon die Definition einige Schwierigkeiten.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar ao leitor as diversas formas de garantia que poderão ser oferecidas ao particular, pelo Estado, como forma de atraí-lo à contratação de parcerias público-privadas, instituídas em âmbito federal pela lei nº. 11.079, de 30 de dezembro de 2004. A escassez de recursos públicos, culminando com a incapacidade estatal de investir em áreas de sua responsabilidade, fez com que se buscassem novas formas de interação entre os setores público e privado. Contudo, o histórico de mau pagador da Administração Pública brasileira implicou na necessidade de oferecimento de garantias àqueles que irão contratar com o poder público, sem as quais talvez poucos ousassem investir seu capital em atividades nem sempre certamente rentáveis. A proposta é analisar as diversas modalidades de garantias, apontando suas fragilidades e seus aspectos favoráveis, sempre no intuito de mostrá-las viáveis e eficientes. Por fim, algumas sugestões de novas espécies serão apresentadas, aumentando a gama de opções que o administrador terá ao seu alcance quando pretender levar a efeito uma contratação desta natureza. / The present work aims at presenting the reader a wide range of guarantees which can be offered to private companies by the State, so as to attract them to contracting public-private partnerships, instituted in federal extent under law number 11.079, dated December 30, 2004. The shortage in public resources, culminating with the incapacity of the State to invest in sectors of its own responsibility, has brought about the pursuit of new ways of interaction between the public and private sectors. Notwithstanding, the fact that Brazilian Public Administration has a history of being a bad payer has implied the need for guarantees to those who will hire the Public Power, taking into consideration that perhaps only a few people will be willing to invest their funds in doubtfully profitable activities. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the various forms of guarantees, pointing out weaknesses and favorable aspects, always targeting on turning them viable and efficient. At last, some other new suggestions will be introduced, enhancing the range of options the administrator may have at reach whenever one intends to put into practice such kind of hiring.

Als Organisationsmodelle haben Public Private Partnerships (PPP) in den zurückliegenden Jahren geradezu rasant an Bedeutung gewonnen. Das unterstreicht nicht zuletzt auch die Vielfalt der seither zu diesem Thema erschienenen Literatur. Allerdings – auch das zeigen viele Veröffentlichungen – bereitet oft schon die Definition einige Schwierigkeiten.

The diploma thesis aims to examine and compare public sector structures involved in managing the deals under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP)/Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the UK and Spain as well as application of Public-Private-Citizen Collaboration (PC2) framework within the two systems in the era of post-New Public Management. The spread and use of knowledge and skills capacities and the overall ability of the national institutional models to protect the public interest in an effective and efficient way is assessed together with openness and transparency of PPP programmes using the Web 2.0 tools able to reach and engage citizens in the process of implementing the policy and procurement of individual schemes. Special attention is paid to the ways in which the private sector entities on the one side and citizens on the other can approach the public authorities and influence the shape and features of the partnership and its results. PPP has been widely used for financing of investments into the public infrastructure in many countries in Europe and elsewhere. Through PPP, private sector is invited to take care of financing, construction or modernization and subsequent maintenance of certain public assets over the life of the contract that usually lasts about 30 years. The programmes of...

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study demonstrates application of the demand/supply model that derives from the three failures theory to the study of partnership effectiveness, showing that effective partnership is a partnership that provides each partner with assets that help them spend fewer resources on achieving their goals than when working alone, by compensating for each other's weaknesses while maximizing their own strengths. The study uses public-private partnership (PPP) in humanitarian settings as a unique opportunity to investigate partnership as a process and contribute to a nascent collaboration theory. The study shows that factors that define effective PPP during different stages of disaster relief are similar. However, different stages of partnership require different levels of compensation mechanisms from partnership participants to ensure that both actors maximize their strengths while achieving their missions. As a result, different stages of partnership call upon different combinations and degrees of factors affecting partnership effectiveness. This research uses descriptive data and inferential analysis, based on interviews with 10 representatives of humanitarian agencies that partner with the European Commission's Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Office. It gives scholars and practitioners of philanthropy insights into the question: "how to give?" It also provides collaboration research and public policy with guidance on how to create stronger partnerships and increase the likelihood of better collaboration outcomes as well as how to better deal with hazards in order to mitigate disaster outbreaks.

The Master's thesis consists of an introduction, three sections, a conclusion, an appendix and a bibliography. The object of the research is the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) system as an instrument for the economic development of a region and a small town. The theoretical and methodological section describes the basis of formation of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism, reveals the essence and content of the PPP concept, as well as its classification. The second section includes an analysis of the development of partnership between the state and business in the Sverdlovsk region, as well as an analysis of the current PPP situation in Russia. The third section is devoted to the analysis and improvement of public-private partnership mechanisms as an effective form of interaction between government and business in the region and the small town. The total number of pages of the Master's thesis - 105. The work contains 5 tables, 6 figures, 1 appendix. / Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех разделов, заключения, приложения и библиографического списка. В теоретическом и методическом разделе дается характеристика и основы формирования механизма государственно-частного партнерства (далее ГЧП), раскрыта сущность и содержание понятия ГЧП, а также их классификация. Второй раздел работы включает в себя анализ развития партнерства государства и бизнеса на территории Свердловской области, а также анализ современного состояния ГЧП в России. Третий раздел посвящен анализу и совершенствованию механизмов государственно-частного партнерства как эффективной формы взаимодействия власти и бизнеса в регионе и малом городе. Основные понятия, рассматриваемые в работе: государственно- частное партнерство, малый город России, механизмы государственно-частного партнерства. Общее количество страниц магистерской диссертации (без приложений) – 105. Работа содержит 5 таблиц, 6 рисунков, 1 приложение.

In un periodo di risorse pubbliche scarse e bisogni collettivi complessi, le collaborazioni (o partenariati) pubblico-privato (PPP) rappresentano un’opzione preziosa per i decisori pubblici e una fonte di crescente interesse per gli studiosi. In tali collaborazioni, il privato viene coinvolto in scelte che, spesso, hanno un notevole impatto sugli interessi pubblici. Tuttavia, i fini istituzionali dei partner continueranno ad essere diversi e dunque a generare delle tensioni. In questo contesto, la ricerca di efficaci forme di accountability (rendicontazione in senso ampio, trasparenza) riveste grande importanza. I tre articoli della tesi dottorale si concentrano sulle PPP in ambito sanitario e socio-sanitario; si ricollegano al tema della valutazione, anche preventiva, delle PPP come strumento per rispondere adeguatamente ai bisogni pubblici. Il primo articolo rifinisce e allarga le attuali classificazioni delle possibili forme di governance delle PPP. Sul piano teorico, il lavoro mostra un’associazione tra alcune classiche determinanti dell’esternalizzazione dei servizi pubblici (misurabilità e contendibilità) e tratti come la forma giuridica, la natura dei partner, gli obiettivi strategici. Il secondo articolo approfondisce le caratteristiche contingenti dei PPP che possono orientare l’elaborazione di efficaci sistemi di performance measurement. Come contributo teorico, il lavoro presenta un modello per regolare il grado di disclosure economica della collaborazione nei confronti del pubblico e i trade off tra fattibilità e ricchezza della misurazione. Il terzo articolo approfondisce l’impatto delle PPP per il rinnovamento infrastrutturale e la gestione di servizi di supporto in ambito ospedaliero, focalizzandosi su alcuni aspetti non finanziari di valutazione: la coerenza delle caratteristiche quali-quantitative dell’infrastruttura con i desiderata aziendali (alla consegna e nel tempo); la flessibilità di adeguamento a potenziali cambiamenti nei bisogni epidemiologici; il contributo alla riduzione della complessità del cambiamento interno (organizzativo) ed esterno (stakeholder management). Sul piano teorico, l’articolo identifica le PPP come mezzo per conservare autonomia strategica a livello meso (regione) e micro (azienda), anche se gli impatti globali sono molto influenzati dalle economie di esperienza. / In times of resource scarcity and swift change in collective needs, public authorities are making increasing use of public - private partnerships (PPPs) to reshape day-by-day delivery of public services or to renovate infrastructure. In PPPs, the private partners become involved in government decision-making and program delivery; however, those partners maintain their own long-term institutional objectives, which naturally diverge from public ones. The three papers of the dissertation relate to the application of the accountability issue to PPPs, with different sub-themes, drawn from Forrer et al. (2010): characteristics and classification of the partnership; performance measurement and management; social and political impacts. The first paper aims to refine the governance taxonomy of PPPs focusing on public service provision. Considering the levels of service contestability and measurability, which were drawn from the literature on public service outsourcing, the study identified four clusters of partnerships. With each of these clusters, I associated some relevant governance features: legal form, institutional aim of the partners, and strategic goal of the PPP. Indeed, higher levels of measurability appear to be associated with contractual (non-organizational) forms of partnerships, whereas higher contestability with corporate forms involving for profit partners. The second paper draws on the consolidated literature on performance management and contingency theory to identify appropriate Key Performance Measures (KPM) for service-focused PPPs. The work provides a model drawing on the integration with the public system to regulate the degree of economic disclosure; while it draws on the degree of specialization to solve the trade-off between measurement feasibility and richness. The third paper focuses on the specific impact of a PPP-DBFO (Design, Build, Finance, Operate) operation on three non-financial issues: building’s compliance to public partner’s desiderata, infrastructure’s flexibility and project’s governance complexity. PPPs appear to help policymakers and managers to maintain the possibility of making strategic choices. If the public partner is experienced enough to cope with a laborious practice, the PPP can help to reach notable social and political achievements; however, costs remain higher compared to the public finance alternative.

This research was motivated by the urgent need for global health institutions like the World Health Organization and UNITAID to adopt an informed, market based approach to engaging with the research and development pipeline for drugs that treat children infected with the HIV virus. As the market size for these products declines over the next decade, the usual incentives for pharmaceutical and biotech companies to invest in the development of new drugs and new formulations of existing drugs is likely to dwindle. Innovated solutions are needed if a business case is to be made that addresses this important public health need. The objectives of the research include firstly, describing the public health need for research and development into paediatric Antiretroviral drugs; secondly describing the various stakeholders and their interests; and finally exploring and indentifying potential collaborative / partnership opportunities that can be employed to address the existing public health need while satisfying the various stakeholder interests at play.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study set out to identify the key success factors of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the healthcare sector to be considered by Netcare when exploring possible PPP opportunities. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) presents a means of mobilising private funds for delivering of public services whilst government manages the relationship via a negotiated PPP agreement to ascertain the quality of services rendered. A literature study was performed in order to conceptualize the potential of the application of PPP in the healthcare industry and the factors impacting on the success thereof. PPPs around the world did not develop in unison nor are they uniform in nature. It is this variation in development that led to the formation of a wide variety of different PPP models that define these partnerships. The different PPP models currently applied by Netcare in the UK are similar in their basic characteristics to some of the models described in literature. One of the biggest challenges facing the healthcare industry in South Africa is the unequal split between public and private healthcare sectors. This is not only in terms of number of people serviced but also includes allocation of the available resources. Very limited information is available on application of PPP in the healthcare sector. The private hospital groups primarily involved in PPP in the healthcare industry in SA are Netcare and Medi-Clinic. Netcare has successfully positioned itself not only as the biggest private hospital group in South Africa, but also as the leader in PPP involvement in the healthcare sector in South Africa. The PPP projects undertaken, though still very early days, have been very successful, but do not yield very high returns. The rationale to Netcare for partaking in these extends beyond financial returns. It is mainly strategic in terms of its position in the local market and its potential involvement in the anticipated NHS (National Health System). It is essential that Netcare maintains credibility and goodwill and continues to demonstrate its commitment to address the healthcare industry needs of all in SA. Responding to the limited growth opportunities presented by the local market, Netcare expanded its operations to include international contracts, in particular in the UK, with negotiations under way for contracts in Portugal. The experienced gained through the PPPs in the UK, the country regarded as the leader in PPPs in the healthcare sector, is invaluable to their future participation in PPPs. Governments all over the world want to improve healthcare service delivery and curb healthcare inflation. This presents opportunities to Netcare that could arguably be in the form of a PPP. The ability to evaluate the key success factors that will impact on these PPPs is therefore of great importance to Netcare. The study showed that the actual process involved in forming a PPP depends on various key factors that impact on the outcome thereof. The role of government is essential and it includes the creation of the infrastructure and the legal environment for PPP, to demonstrating competence in managing PPPs, providing the political support and achieving investor confidence. An extensive list of key success factors was identified, but applying these factors to two possible PPP opportunities revealed their shortcomings. It was concluded that the list of factors cannot be applied as the ultimate checklist to pre-determine the outcome of a PPP. This is because various factors will only be revealed in the later stages of the PPP project life. It was also concluded that PPP participation by the company is a priority strategic decision. The strengths and weaknesses of the company relative to the opportunities and threats presented then needs to be evaluated. The list of key success factors provides an important guideline in terms of considering the specific opportunities and threats associated with PPPs. These factors should be considered during the various stages of the project development. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelwat van die studie is die identifisering van die faktore wat die sukses van Staat Privaat Vennootskappe (SPV) binne die gesondheidsorg industrie sal bepaal, en wat deur Netcare in ag geneem moet word wanneer sodanige vennootskappe oorweeg word. Hierdie vennootskappe bied 'n geleentheid vir die mobilisering van privaat fondse vir publieke dienslewering terwyl die regering deur middel van die onderhandelde PPP ooreenkoms die verhouding bestuur en die kwaliteit van dienslewering monitor. Die literatuurstudie het ondermeer die potensiaal van sodanige vennootskappe in die gesondheidsorg industrie, sowel as die faktore wat die suksesvolle uitkoms daarvan bepaal, ondersoek. Verskeie SPV modelle en tipes vennootskappe bestaan weens die uiteenlopende ontwikkeling van SPVs in die onderskeie lande. Die modelle tans toegepas deur Netcare in Engeland reflekteer die eienskappe van modelle beskryf in literatuur. Een van die gesondheidsorg indrustrie in Suid Afrika (SA) se grootste uitdagings is die oneweredige verdeling tussen publieke en privaat gesondheidsorg, beide in terme van populasie verteenwoordiging en aanwending van die beskikbare hulpbronne. Inligting aangaande die aanwending van SPV in die gesondheidsorg industrie is baie beperk. In die Suid Afrikaanse konteks is Netcare en Medi-Clinic die dominante rolspelers in SPVs in die industrie. Netcare is tans nie net die grootste privaat hospitaalgroep in SA nie, maar ook die leier op SPV betrokkenheid in die gesondheidsorgsektor in SA. Hoewel die huidige SPV's relatief onlangs tot stand gekom het, is daar reeds heelwat sukses behaal. Die opbrengs gerealiseer is egter nie fenominaal nie. Die motivering vir Netcare se betrokkenheid in hierdie vennootskappe strek egter verder as bloot die finansiële opbrengste. Gegewe die potensiële nasionale gesondheidstelsel en die posisionering in die plaaslike mark, is dit noodsaaklik vir Netcare om gesien te word as toegewyd aan 'n oplossing vir die gesondheidsorg uitdaging in Suid Afrika. Netcare se internasionale uitbreiding kan deels toegeskryf word aan die beperkte groei geleenthede in SA. Hulle internasionale kontrakte sluit in Engeland met onderhandeling in Portugal tans onderweg. Die ondervinding opgedoen met die SPV's in Engeland is van onskatbare waarde gegewe Engeland se posisie as leier op die gebied van SPV in die gesondheidsorg industrie. Verskeie lande poog tans om hulle gesondheidsorg dienslewering te verbeter en mediese inflasie te beperk. Dit skep potensiële SPV geleenthede vir Netcare. Die vermoë om die kritiese sukses faktore wat die uitkoms van hierdie SPVs sal bepaal, te kan evalueer, is dus van kardinale belang vir Netcare. Dit blyk uit die studie dat die proses van die ontwikkeling van SPV deur verskeie faktore beinvloed word. Die regering van 'n land speel 'n belangrike rol in die daarstelling van die infrastruktuur, die regsaspektelike omgewing, hulle bevoegdheid in terme van die bestuur van SPV, hulle vermoë om politiese ondersteuning te verleen en hulle vermoë om beleggers se vertrou te wen. 'n Omvattende lys van faktore wat impakteer op die sukses van SPV is identifiseer. Tydens die toepassing daarvan op twee voorbeelde het dit duidelik geblyk dat die lys nie as allesomvattend beskou kan word en aangewend kan word om vooraf die uitkoms van 'n SPV te voorspel nie. Verskeie faktore wat krities is in die sukses van SPV kan eers bepaal word tydens later stadiums van die SPV. Daar is ook tot die slotsom gekom dat die firma strategie die primêre oorweging tydens die evaluering van SPV behoort te wees. Die sterk en swak punte van die firma relatief tot die geleentheide en bedreigings wat die SPV inhou moet evalueer word. Die lys van faktore krities tot die sukses van SPV dien as 'n belangrike riglyn vir die oorwerging van geleenthede en bedreigings geassosieerd met SPV. Hierdie faktore behoort tydens die verskeie stadia van SPV projek ontwikkeling in ag geneem te word.

No description available.