In the context of the world's increasing environmental challenges and the rise of green consumerism, promoting sustainable consumer behavior is more important than ever. This study aims at extending the understanding of consumers' purchase  intention of  environmentally friendly cosmetic products. With a theoretical starting point in theories of green promotion and the theory of planned behavior, a total of ten hypotheses and sub-hypotheses were formulated to answer the research question how green promotional cues can be used to affect consumers' beliefs and increase purchase intention. Central concepts in the study’s constructed conceptual framework are intrinsic cues which represent concrete characteristics of a product such as ingredients and formula, and extrinsic cues which are attributes not present within the product itself such as packaging and brand. A quantitative approach using an online survey in an experimental vignette designed questionnaire generated responses from a sample of 325 participants in three treatment groups, and the data was subsequently examined through statistical analysis. The study’s main findings show that intrinsic cues have a stronger influence on purchase intention than extrinsic cues but that extrinsic cues seem to have a stronger influence on consumers’ subjective beliefs. The study provides implications on how cosmetic companies can use the insights generated by the study when developing promotional strategies for green cosmetics.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how influencer marketing is experienced by young adult women between the ages of 18 to 30, how the purchase intention is affected by their trust in, and trust in, influencers and influencer marketing as a marketing strategy and to see if there is fatigue of influencer marketing.  Research questions:  1. What do young adult women want to experience to make a purchase via influencer marketing on Instagram? 2. What is the attitude of young adult women towards influencer marketing in terms of trust and confidence? 3. How do young adult women react to the increasing prevalence of influencer marketing on Instagram? Methodology: A qualitative method has been applied to 20 informants. The semi-structured interviews took place on the video call application Zoom.  Theories: This study is based on six theories; eWOM, Influencer marketing, Trust and Confidence, Purchase intention, Theory of planned behavior and Information overload. Empiric: The empiric presents an interpreted view of the informants' answers in text.   Conclusion: The conclusions of this study are: 1. Young adult women have to feel a need, applicability to everyday life and the will to have, to feel that they want to make a purchase through influencer marketing. 2. Young adult women's attitudes to influencer marketing regarding trust and confidence vary from influencer to influencer and thus their buying intention in relation to influencer marketing is affected to varying degrees. 3. There is an oversaturation of influencer marketing on Instagram in young adult women aged 18 to 30 years / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilket sätt influencer marketing upplevs av unga vuxna kvinnor i åldrarna 18 till 30 år, hur köpintentionen påverkas av deras förtroende för, och tillit till, influencers och influencer marketing som marknadsföringsstrategi samt att se om det finns en trötthet av influencer marketing  Forskningsfrågor:  1. Vad vill unga vuxna kvinnor uppleva för att genomföra ett köp via influencer marketing på Instagram?  2. Vad har unga vuxna kvinnor för inställning till influencer marketing i termerna tillit och förtroende? 3. Hur har unga vuxna kvinnor reagerat på den ökade förekomsten av influencer marketing på Instagram? Metod: En kvalitativ metod har tillämpats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 20 informanter. De semistrukturerade intervjuerna skedde via videosamtalsapplikationen Zoom.   Teori: Denna studie har utgått från sex teorier; eWOM, Influencer marketing, Förtroende och tillit, Köpintention, Teorin om planerat beteende och Informationsöverbelastning.  Empiri: I empirin presenteras en tolkad syn på informanternas svar i text.  Slutsats: Studiens slutsatser är: 1. Unga vuxna kvinnor behöver känna ett behov, tillämpbarhet till vardagen och viljan att ha, för att känna att de vill genomföra ett köp via influencer marketing. 2. Unga vuxna kvinnors inställning till influencer marketing avseende förtroende och tillit varierar mellan olika influencers och således påverkas unga vuxna kvinnors köpintention i relation till influencer marketing i varierande utsträckning. 3. Det råder en trötthet av influencer marketing på Instagram hos unga vuxna kvinnor i åldrarna 18 till 30 år.

Background: The fundamental aim of utilizing a message strategy is to develop advertising content that captures consumer attention and thereby generates favourable consumer behaviour. Two common approaches in advertising are (i) emotional appeals and (ii) rational appeals. Literature has found emotional appeals to be the superior alternative, but are yet to fully grasp the dynamics of the different emotional appeals as several researchers have called for further establishment and knowledge in the area. In this study, a new approach to emotional appeals has been taken in terms of including a wider range of emotions than has been previously done, and the aim is therethrough to receive a more nuanced and complete understanding of the phenomenon emotional appeals. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explain the different effects of emotional message appeals on purchase intention. Methodology: This study utilized an explanatory purpose along with a deductive, quantitative research approach, as well as a cross-sectional research design to test a conceptual model based on six hypotheses. The data collection method was completed through the distribution of a self-administered questionnaire in various online forums. The questionnaire received 212 valid responses. Findings: The hypotheses for four out of the six basic emotions were tested. The Happiness appeal showed to have the most positive effect on purchase intention (0.412), whilst Fear (0.269) and Sadness (0.273) also displayed positive tendencies, even though the Sadness appeal had been hypothesized to have negative effects on purchase intention. Furthermore, the Disgust appeal was - as hypothesized - suggested to have a negative influence on purchase intention (-0.277). The Surprise and Anger appeals displayed insignificant F-values and could thereby not be further investigated. Conclusion: Based on the four remaining emotions an adjusted conceptual model was presented in which one can observe the varying effects of emotional message appeals on purchase intention. This model can be valuable for marketers and marketing practitioners looking to apply emotional appeals as part of their marketing strategies, as well as to researchers looking to more fully understand the dynamics of emotions and emotional appeals in marketing contexts. Last, this study calls for further establishment within the field of emotional appeals in terms of gathering insights into the fluidity of emotions. / <p>Appendix 3 is in a separate file.</p>

El mercado de alimentos orgánicos se encuentra presente en el Perú desde hace muchos años, creciendo y tomando relevancia con el pasar del tiempo. Así mismo, se ha podido observar un crecimiento exponencial en las compras online, por lo que muchas marcas han migrado a canales digitales para satisfacer las nuevas necesidades de los consumidores y adaptarse a sus nuevos hábitos de consumo. Es por ello que en este estudio se busca examinar el papel del brand image y brand loyalty a la hora de influir en el online purchase intention de los alimentos orgánicos en el contexto peruano, con el fin de comprobar si existe una relación significativa entre las variables mencionadas. Para el estudio se adoptó un alcance de investigación correlacional y un enfoque cuantitativo de carácter concluyente. Además, este será un estudio transversal, basado en una muestra no probabilística infinita de 400 personas consumidoras de alimentos orgánicos con una metodología de encuestas online, de escala de Likert (5 puntos). Finalmente, el análisis de la data será de bivariados, desde correlaciones, a través del programa SPSS y de análisis multivariados, de ecuaciones estructurales, a través del programa Smart PLS. / The organic food market has been present in Peru for many years, growing and gaining relevance over time. Likewise, exponential growth has been observed in online shopping, so many brands have migrated to digital channels to satisfied the new needs of consumers and adapt to their new consumption habits. That is why this paper seeks to examine the role of brand image and brand loyalty for influence the online purchase intention of organic foods in the Peruvian context, in order to check if there is a significant relationship between the variables mentioned. A correlational research scope and a conclusive quantitative approach were adopted for the study. In addition, this will be a cross-sectional study, based on an infinite non-probabilistic sample of 400 consumers of organic food with an online survey methodology, Likert scale (5 points). Finally, the data analysis will be bivariate, from correlations, through the SPSS program, and multivariate analysis, from structural equations, through the Smart PLS program. / Trabajo de investigación

La pandemia ocasionada por la COVID-19 obligó a las librerías a cerrar sus tiendas físicas y migrar al canal digital. Es por ello que, esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar las motivaciones hedónicas y utilitarias en relación a la intención de compra en la categoría de plataformas de librerías online. Para la comprensión del estudio, se exploran las relaciones de tres variables: Motivación Hedónica, Motivación Utilitaria e Intención de compra, a través de la revisión de la literatura. También, es importante mencionar que se expone la relevancia, el alcance y las limitaciones del presente estudio en el contexto peruano. Por otro lado, el estudio tendrá un alcance correlacional ya que se busca conocer la relación existente entre las variables propuestas. Asimismo, se trabajará bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y el estudiado será transversal dado que se realizará en un periodo de tiempo determinado. La recopilación de datos será desarrollada utilizando un cuestionario, el cual será enviado de manera online. La muestra está prevista para un total de 400 respuestas, por parte de aquellos que han comprado alguna vez libros en plataformas de librerías online. / The COVID-19 pandemic forced bookstores to close their physical stores and migrate to the digital channel. That is why this research aims to study hedonic and utilitarian motivations in relation to purchase intention in the category of online bookstore platforms. In order to understand the study, the relationships of three variables are explored: Hedonic Motivation, Utilitarian Motivation and Purchasing intention, through the literature review. Also, it is important to mention that the relevance, scope and limitations of this study in the Peruvian context are exposed. On the other hand, the data collection will be developed using a questionnaire, which will be sent online. The sample is scheduled for a total of 400 responses, by those who have ever bought books on online bookstore platforms. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad el e-commerce presenta un acelerado crecimiento, principalmente en el último año donde el usuario ha ido cambiando sus hábitos y comportamientos en el proceso de compra. En la categoría de supermercados, los consumidores acostumbraban realizar sus compras de primera necesidad de forma presencial, mientras que hoy en día el e-commerce adquiere un mayor valor, es por ello que los retailers deben tener en cuenta las variables a considerar. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar la relación entre la Satisfacción del cliente, el brand image y la intención de compra de la generación X en el canal e-commerce de los supermercados. Se va a proponer hacer una muestra de 400 personas, no probabilística y se trabajará análisis variados y multivariados en SPSS y SmartPLS. / Nowadays, e-commerce shows rapid growth, mainly in the last year where the user has been changing their habits and behaviors in the purchase process. In the supermarkets category, consumers used to make their essential purchases in person, while today e-commerce acquires greater value, which is why retailers must take into account the variables to be considered. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between customer satisfaction, the brand image and the purchase intention of generation X in the e-commerce channel of supermarkets. A non-probabilistic sample of 400 people will be proposed, and varied and multivariate analyzes will be carried out in SPSS and SmartPLS. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo es analizar este comportamiento, a través de las variables del modelo TAM respecto en las plataformas e-commerce y su relación con la intención de compra en la categoría de supermercados online. De esta manera, se recopilaron diferentes papers para profundizar en el modelo desde su origen, y estudiar así, las variables permanentes del modelo como la actitud hacia el uso, utilidad percibida, facilidad e intención de uso de los usuarios respecto a las promociones en dichas plataformas e identificar las relaciones que se desarrollan con la intención de compra a través del modelo y así nos brindar una visión integradora. Para su realización además se contará con un estudio cuantitativo que consiste en una encuesta realizada a 400 personas que cumplen con las características de ser hombres y mujeres entre 25 y 35 años de edad que han comprado vía online en plataformas webs de los supermercados en el último año, esto servirá para responder a las hipótesis y objetivos planteados por parte de los autores. / The present work is to analyze this behavior, through the variables of the TAM model regarding promotions on e-commerce platforms and their relationship with purchase intention in the online supermarket category. In this way, different papers were compiled to delve into the model from its origin, and thus study the permanent variables of the model such as attitude towards use, perceived utility, ease and intention of use of users regarding promotions in said platforms and identify the relationships that are developed with the purchase intention through the model and thus provide us with an integrative vision. To carry it out, there will also be a quantitative study consisting of a survey of 400 people who meet the characteristics of being men and women between 25 and 35 years of age who have bought online on supermarket web platforms in the last year, this will serve to respond to the hypotheses and objectives raised by the authors. / Trabajo de investigación

El objetivo general de la presente investigación es conocer la relación entre la imagen de marca y la intención de compra en hombres y mujeres de nivel socioeconómico A y B, entre 25 a 45 años de edad, que viven en lima metropolitana y que consuman vino de alta gama con frecuencia. Por otro lado, queremos identificar cuales son los componentes dentro de la imagen de marca que tienen mayor relevancia con la intención de compra. Para ello, se evaluará cómo impacta la imagen funcional y reputación, imagen afectiva e imagen global en la intención de compra y satisfacción del consumidor de vinos de alta gama. / The general objective of this research is to know the relationship between brand image and purchase intention in men and women of socioeconomic level A and B, between 25 and 45 years of age, who live in metropolitan Lima and who consume high-end wine frequently. On the other hand, we want to identify which are the components within the brand image that are most relevant to the purchase intention. For this, it will be evaluated how the functional image and reputation, affective image and global image impact on the purchase intention and consumer satisfaction of high-end wines. / Trabajo de investigación / PE

Forskning visar att på grund av sociala mediers tillväxt har företag alltmer börjat synas på sociala medier i syfte att marknadsföra sina produkter genom så kallad influencer marketing. Tidigare forskning visar att sociala mediers utveckling i kombination med de ouppnåeliga idealen som influencers framställer har som konsekvens att många individers självkänsla och kroppsbild påverkas negativt. Därmed är uppsatsens syfte att undersöka hur influencers i generation Y påverkar unga kvinnor i generation Zs konsumtion samt självbild. Ytterligare har studien som intention att medföra kännedom om hur influencers upplevs från konsumentens perspektiv. I studien tillämpas en kvalitativ forskningsmetod med hjälp av 15 individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnor i generation Z. Under kodning uppkom teman som kopplades samman med två teoretiska perspektiv, jämförelse och påverkan. Dessa perspektiv används för att analysera individers beteenden på sociala medier i relation till influencers. Resultatet visar att influencers generar ett stort engagemang bland kvinnor i generation Z. De unga kvinnor i generation Z som presenterades i studien påverkades negativt av influencers på sociala medier på så sätt att individer jämför sig med influencers ideal som anses vara ouppnåeliga. Det är av stor vikt att kunna relatera till influencers man följer för att öka trovärdigheten och övertygelsen. Att relatera till en influencer visade sig även vara en bidragande faktor till att man jämför sig, vilket framkom tydligt i empirin. Samtidigt visades jämförelse vara en övergång till att respondenter påverkas. Köpintentionen grundas i att influencers ses som inspiratörer när det kommer till mode. Genom rabattkoder upplever en del att de måste passa på och får en positiv attityd till spontanköp. Samtidigt känner en del individer köphets och att reklam upplevs opersonligt och blir snarare stressande än inspirerande. Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för både forskning och företag om konsekvenser som uppkommer vid användning av influencers samt en intention om hur influencers upplevs utifrån konsumentens perspektiv. Studien har begränsats till att undersöka hur unga kvinnor i generation Z upplever att de påverkas av influencers som exempelvis Bianca Ingrosso. Förslag till vidare forskning är att tillämpa ett företagsperspektiv då denna studien utgår från ett konsumentperspektiv. Ytterligare ett förslag är att undersöka generation Zs konsumentbeteende då det är den största generationen demografiskt. / Research shows that, due to the growth of social media, companies have increasingly begun to appear on social media in order to promote their products through so-called influencer marketing. Previous research shows that the development of social media in combination with the unreachable ideals of influencers has the consequence that many individuals' self-esteem and body image are adversely affected. The purpose of the essay is therefore to investigate how influencers in generation Y affect young women in generation Z's consumption and selfimage. Further, the study intends to bring awareness of how influencers are perceived from the consumer's perspective. The study uses a qualitative research method with the help of 15individual semi-structured interviews with women of generation Z. During coding, themes emerged that were linked to two theoretical perspectives, comparison and influence. These perspectives are used to analyze individuals' behaviors on social media in relation to influencers. The results show that influencers generate a high level of engagement among women of generation Z. The young women of generation Z presented in the study were adversely affected by influencers on social media in that individuals compare with influencers' ideals that are considered unreachable. It is of great importance to be able to relate to influencers you follow to increase their credibility and conviction. Relating to an influencer also proved to be a contributing factor in comparing oneself, which was evident in the empirical study. At the same time, comparison was shown to be a transition to the effect of respondents. The purchase intention is based on influencers being seen as inspirers when it comes to fashion. With discount codes, some people feel that they have to take care and get a positive attitude towards spontaneous purchases. At the same time, some individuals feel that buying and advertising are perceived as impersonal and rather stressful than inspiring. The study contributes to an increased understanding for both research and companies about the consequences that arise when using influencers and an intention about how influencers are experienced from the consumer's perspective. The study has been limited to examining how young women in generation Z feel that they are affected by influencers such as Bianca Ingrosso. Suggestions for further research are to apply a business perspective as this study is based on a consumer perspective. Another proposal is to examine Generation Z's consumer behavior as it is the largest generation demographically.

Since its inception, social media has developed into something that is now a constant part of our everyday lives. From being a digital place where users could keep in touch with friends and family, social media has become a place where consumers and companies have the opportunity to communicate. As a consequence, companies have had to renew and adapt the strategies used to reach their consumers. Some of the strategies that have emerged are UGC, E-WOM and Influencer Marketing. As consumers have been given an opportunity to communicate back, power has shifted to the consumer. Hence, this study has chosen to have a consumer perspective where attitudes in terms of trust, credibility and skepticism as well as purchase intention are treated and examined. Using a survey, responses from 118 respondents were collected and processed. The results of our collected data showed that the strategies examined have a positive impact on the consumer's attitude and purchase intention. With this in mind, it is in the companies' interest to expand the knowledge about these strategies and develop the company in a way that makes it possible to take advantage of the benefits that are in the strategies. The results of this study contribute to an increased understanding of marketing in social media, but the topic is far from fully explored. With the help of our research, we have also developed a combined marketing strategy that takes advantage of the benefits of each strategy. The models in this study cannot explain the consumer attitude and purchase intention in their entirety as the research area needs to be developed where new factors can be added and the strategies fine-tuned. / Sociala medier har sedan dess uppkomst utvecklats till något som nu är en konstant del av vår vardag. Från att vara en digital plats där användare kunde hålla kontakt med vänner och familj har sociala medier blivit en plats där konsumenter och företag har möjlighet att kommunicera. Som en konsekvens av detta har företag fått förnya och anpassa de strategier som används för att nå ut till sina konsumenter. Några av de strategier som växt fram är UGC, E-WOM och Influencer Marketing. I och med att konsumenterna fått en möjlighet att kommunicera tillbaka har makten förskjutits över till konsumenten. Därav har den här studien valt att ha ett konsumentperspektiv där attityd i termer av tillit, trovärdighet och skepticism samt köpintention behandlas och undersöks. Med hjälp av en enkät har svar från 118 respondenter samlats in och bearbetats. Resultatet av vårt insamlade data visade att de undersökta strategierna har en positiv påverkan på konsumentens attityd och köpintention. Med detta i åtanke ligger det i företagens intresse att utöka kunskapen kring dessa strategier och utveckla företaget på ett sätt som gör det möjligt att ta till vara på de fördelar som finns i strategierna. Resultatet i denna studie bidrar till ökad förståelse för marknadsföring i sociala medier men ämnet är långt ifrån färdig utforskat. Med hjälp av vår forskning har vi även tagit fram en kombinerad marknadsföringsstrategi som tar vara på fördelarna i respektive strategi. Modellerna i denna studie kan inte förklara konsumentattityden och köpintention i sin helhet då forskningsområdet behöver utvecklas där nya faktorer kan tillkomma och där strategierna kan finjusteras