Syftet med uppsatsen var att förklara hur svenska kvinnliga Millennials attityd och köpintention påverkas av influencers på Instagram inom modebranschen. För att besvara syftet har influencerns effektivitet analyserats genom fyra variabler; dessa är source credibility, source attractiveness, product match up och meaning transfer. Studien har grundats i teorier om celebrity endorsement och influencer marketing och olika sätt att mäta hur effektiva endorsern är. Hypoteser formades för att kunna bekräfta samband mellan de fyra variablerna och attityd och köpintention. Empirin samlades in via enkäter till kvinnliga Millennials i Norrbotten där respondenterna fick besvara frågor baserat på en bild och utifrån bilden besvara vilket ord som stämde bäst överens med deras åsikt. Uppsatsen testade nio hypoteser och fem av dessa kunde styrkas. Resultatet visade att source credibility påverkar köpintentionen, det finns ett samband mellan source attractiveness och attityd men attraktivitet är inte en tillräcklig stark källa för att övertyga konsumenter till köp. Product match up påverkar Millennials köpintention, meaning transfer har ett positivt samband till konsumenternas attityd och attityd påverkar köpintention. För vidare forskning föreslås en kvalitativ undersökning för att få djupare förståelse av Instagram-influencers påverkan paå Millennialskonsumenter. / The purpose of this report was to explain how Swedish female Millennials attitudes and their purchase intention were affected by influencers on social media. This has been done by analyzing four variables; source credibility, source attractiveness, product match up and meaning transfer. The study was based on theory about celebrity endorsement, influencer marketing and different ways of measuring how effective the endorser is. Hypotheses were formulated to be able to confirm relationships between the four variables, and attitudes and purchase intention. The data were gathered from female Millennials in Norrbotten via an online survey and the respondents got to answer questions based on a picture and answer what word which best described their opinion of the picture. The report tested nine hypotheses and five of these could be confirmed. The result showed that source credibility affects the purchase intention. There is a relationship between source attractiveness and consumer attitude, however attractiveness is not a strong enough source to convince the purchase intention of consumers. Product match up affects Millennials purchase intention, meaning transfer has a positive relationship towards consumer attitude, and attitude affects purchase intention. For future research, it is suggested to make a qualitative study in order to gain deeper understanding the effect of Instagram-influencers on Millennial consumers.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080100031.PDF: 7443816 bytes, checksum: a82ca7f98a374b3f75cdb221b7fb942b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22T00:00:00Z / O impacto do boca a boca na Imagem da Marca e no julgamento de produtos (bens e serviços) tem sido estudado há tempos na disciplina de comportamento do consumidor. Com o crescimento da internet como mídia social e meio de comunicação entre consumidores e empresas, o boca a boca ganhou força junto a profissionais e pesquisadores de Marketing. Uma revisão da literatura permitiu traçar um paralelo entre o boca a boca tradicional e o eletrônico. É preciso compreender cientificamente a influência do boca a boca eletrônico no comportamento do consumidor. Para isto, foram realizados dois estudos nesta dissertação, sendo o primeiro um estudo exploratório a partir da realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionários a consumidores, profissionais de Marketing e especialistas do assunto com o intuito de levantar percepções gerais sobre o tema. Para avaliar estatisticamente as hipóteses propostas nesta dissertação, o segundo estudo foi a realização de um experimento com 168 estudantes, contando com cinco cenários e três tipos de produtos (Vestuário, Cosméticos e Lojas Online). A variável independente foi o Comentário Postado pelo consumidor. Duas foram as variáveis dependentes: Imagem da Marca e Intenção de Compra dela. Para a mensuração da Imagem da Marca se utilizou a escala de Personalidade de Marca de Aaker (1997). No tocante à Intenção de Compra, um concurso foi elaborado para os sujeitos. No início e no final da coleta de dados, os participantes escolhiam as empresas das quais ganhariam um prêmio (vale compra), caso fossem os vencedores. Mediu-se a Intenção de Compra em função da escolha dos consumidores antes e depois do estímulo, sendo comparados, ainda, os resultados dos diferentes cenários. Constatou-se que os comentários negativos e positivos que os consumidores postam na internet têm um impacto significante na Imagem da Marca para outros consumidores nos produtos Vestuário e Loja Online. Mas não foram percebidos impactos destes comentários na Imagem da Marca no produto Cosmético e na Intenção de Compra dos outros consumidores nos três tipos de produtos testados. O Gerenciamento dos Comentários negativos (resposta da empresa a comentário postado pelo consumidor) apresentou uma redução no impacto do comentário na Imagem da Marca para os outros consumidores no produto Loja Online. Contudo, os tons alinhados com Foco Regulatório do consumidor nas respostas das empresas não provocaram diferenças significativas, contra indicando essa concepção teórica como meio de aprimorar os resultados do Gerenciamento dos Comentários. Várias implicações científicas e profissionais interessantes decorrem da pesquisa. Para o praticante, se viu que a internet 2.0 é uma mídia a ser considerada no esforço de comunicação da empresa e que ela deve ser considerada como um canal de comunicação bidirecional. / The impact of Word of Mouth Communication on Brand Image and the evaluation of products (goods and services) has been studied for some time in the discipline of consumer behavior. With the growth of the Internet as a social media and as a means of communication between consumers and enterprises, Word of Mouth has gained strength with Marketing professionals and researchers. A review of the literature draws a parallel between traditional Word of Mouth and its electronic version. It is essential to understand scientifically the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth on consumer behavior. In order to do this, two main studies were made: the first one was an exploratory stage conducted with interviews and questionnaires applied to consumers, marketers, and experts on the subject in order to raise general perceptions on the issue. The second study aims to evaluate statistically the hypotheses proposed in this work and involves an experiment applied to 168 students, considering five scenarios and three types of products (clothing, cosmetics and Online Stores). The independent variable was the Comment Posted by the consumer on the internet. Two were the dependent variables: Brand Image and Purchase Intention. To measure Brand Image, the scale "The Brand Personality" by Aaker (1997) was used. To measure Purchase Intention subjects participated in a contest where they chose, at the beginning and end of data collection, the companies from which they would gain a gift certificate, if they won the contest. Purchase Intention was measured depending on the choice of consumers before and after the stimulus, and compared also the results of different scenarios. It was found that the positive and negative comments that consumers posted on the internet have a significant impact on Brand Image for other consumers of products in Clothing and Online stores. However, there was no perceived impact based on these comments regarding Cosmetic products. No impact was found on other consumers' Purchase Intention. Management of Negative Comments (company's response to comments posted by the consumer on the internet) decreased the negative impact of comments on other consumer's Brand Image on product Online Store and the use of Regulatory Focus Theory on companies' responses did not cause significant differences, counter indicating this theoretical concept as a mean to improve the results of managing the comments posted by the consumer on the internet. Several implications of scientific and professional interest arise from this research. For a Marketing professional, it is evident that internet 2.0 should be considered in the media plan of a company and that it should be treated as a two-way communication channel with consumers.

De miljövänliga problem som världen står inför idag är tätt sammanhängande med den masskonsumtion som skapats av fast fashion-industrin. Detta har skapat en större efterfrågan av miljövänligt producerade kläder av konsumenter då de har en allt större inblick och påverkan på modeindustrin. Tidigare forskning visar att det är många konsumenter som tycker att det är viktigt att konsumera miljömedvetet, men utav dessa respondenter så var det dock bara cirka 30% av dessa deltagare som faktiskt agerade enligt sina miljömedvetna värderingar. Gapet mellan miljövänlig attityd och faktiska beteende kallas det gröna gapet och är något som har undersökts sedan 70-talet. Intentionen med denna uppsats är att undersöka det gröna gap som finns hos kvinnliga studenter på Textilhögskolan i Borås då dessa anses ha stor inblick i modeindustrin och dess miljömässiga påverkan men trots detta ändå handla fastfashion. Fokusgrupper sattes samman för att genom en gruppdiskussion undersöka och svara på frågan vad som påverkar konsumenter till att handla enligt sina hållbara attityder. Resultaten från undersökningen visade att lågt pris, trendig design och lättillgänglighet var de främsta faktorerna som ledde till att konsumenter handlar fast fashion hellre än hållbart mode. Resultatet visar däremot att mer och bättre information var det som skulle kunna få respondenterna att handla mer miljömedvetet. Fastän de redan är insatta i ämnet så nämndes det att det finns en otydlighet och osäkerhet gällande på vilket sätt företag faktiskt är hållbara och vad man betalar ett dyrare pris för. / The environmental problems that the world is facing today are closely connected to the mass consumption that is caused by the fast fashion industry. This has resulted in a greater demand of environmentally produced clothing by consumers as they have an increased insight and impact on the fashion industry. Previous research shows that many consumers mentioned that they think it is important to consume environmentally friendly, however there was only 30% out of these respondents that actually act according to their environmental values. The gap between environmental attitude and actual behavior is called the green gap and is a topic that has been investigated since the 70’s. The intention of this study is to research the green gap that exists at female students studying at the Swedish School of Textiles in Borås. These respondents were chosen as they are assumed to have a great insight in the fashion industry and its environmental impact but still shop fast fashion. Focus groups were put together inorder to create a group discussion which investigates and answers the question of what affects consumers to consume according to their sustainable attitudes. The results from the study showed that a low price, trendy design and easy access were the main factors that resulted inconsumers to shop fast fashion rather than green fashion. The results show that an increased knowledge and better information were the main things that could make the respondents to act more sustainable. Even though they already have a good insight in the subject they found that there is an insecurity and ambiguity regarding in what way companies are sustainable and what the more expensive price actually goes to. The upcoming study further down is written in Swedish.

O objetivo deste estudo é investigar, de forma comparativa entre as categorias alimento e limpeza doméstica, os antecedentes da intenção do consumidor comprar marcas próprias, bem como analisar os efeitos da diferença nos níveis de risco percebido entre essas duas categorias de produtos na formação da intenção de compra. Para o alcance desse objetivo construiu-se um modelo com base em revisões da literatura sobre marcas próprias, bem como sobre risco percebido, imagem da loja, imagem da marca própria e atitudes, construtos identificados como os principais preditores da intenção de compra. O marco teórico permitiu a construção de hipóteses acerca dos principais relacionamentos existentes entre esses construtos no contexto de marcas próprias. A seguir foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica com o objetivo de testar tais hipóteses, utilizando um questionário auto-administrado elaborado com escalas já validadas na literatura. Esse levantamento de campo (survey) coletou opiniões de uma amostra não probabilística de 1.938 clientes de supermercados, composta por pessoas de ambos os gêneros e provenientes de 26 Estados do Brasil e do Distrito Federal, com predominância do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos por meio de modelagem de equações estruturais utilizando a ferramenta Smart PLS demonstram que há relacionamentos significativos entre o risco percebido e a imagem da marca própria; entre a imagem da loja e imagem da marca própria; entre a imagem da marca própria e a atitude; e entre a atitude e a intenção de compra, validando as hipóteses de trabalho. O estudo também conclui que o risco percebido e a imagem da loja são fortes preditores da imagem da marca própria e da atitude a qual, por sua vez, é uma forte preditora da intenção de compra. Por fim, os resultados sugerem que a imagem da loja exerce maior influência na imagem da marca própria quando se trata da categoria alimentos, identificada como de menor risco percebido. Já na categoria limpeza doméstica, a cadeia mais relevante de antecedentes à intenção de compra por parte dos consumidores passa pelas relações entre risco percebido, imagem da marca e atitude frente a marcas próprias. Essas conclusões sugerem diferenças de intensidade, senão em natureza, nas relações entre os antecedentes psicológicos à intenção de compra do consumidor quando são consideradas categorias que se diferenciam no risco percebido pelo cliente, contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão teórica do fenômeno e sugerindo implicações gerenciais na adoção de estratégias de marketing por parte dos varejistas detentores de marcas próprias. / This study aims to investigate the antecedents of consumer´s intention to purchase private brands and analyze the effects of different perceived risk levels in intention formation by comparing food and house cleaning product categories. To attain to such goal a model was developed based on literature reviews about private brands, as well as perceived risk, store image, brand image, and attitudes, constructs identified as the main predictors for purchase intention. The theoretical framework allowed the construction of hypotheses about the key relationships among the constructs in the context of private brands. A survey was then designed and executed in order to test the hypotheses. A self-administered questionnaire was build with validated scales found in marketing literature. The empirical study collected opinions from a non-probabilistic sample of 1,938 private brands supermarket shoppers, comprising persons of both genders and from all 26 Brazilian states and the Federal District, predominating residents in the state of São Paulo. Results obtained by Structural Equation Modeling using Smart PLS suggest there are significant relationships between perceived risk and private brand image; between store image and brand image; between private brand image and attitude; and between attitude and purchase intention, validating the proposed hypotheses. The study also concluded that perceived risk and store image are strong predictors for private brand image and attitude which, in turn, is a strong predictor for purchase intention. Finally, results suggest that store image has more influence on private brand image when food products are the focused category as consumers present lower perceived risk toward it. For house cleaning products, the most relevant antecedents for consumer´s purchase intention form a chain of relations from perceived risk, brand image and attitude towards private labels. These findings suggest differences in intensity, if not in nature, on the relations among consumer´s psychological antecedents for purchase intention when categories that differ on perceived risk are considered. Such findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the phenomenon and suggest managerial implications for marketing strategies to retailers who hold private brands.

Submitted by Michel Rocha (michelrocha7@hotmail.com) on 2013-05-08T19:29:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marketing -Rocha - dissertacao vfinal.pdf: 680769 bytes, checksum: 850e0cd985dc5ec57d2551decd2c1d7d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2013-05-08T19:46:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marketing -Rocha - dissertacao vfinal.pdf: 680769 bytes, checksum: 850e0cd985dc5ec57d2551decd2c1d7d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-08T20:02:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marketing -Rocha - dissertacao vfinal.pdf: 680769 bytes, checksum: 850e0cd985dc5ec57d2551decd2c1d7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-09 / According to the Marketing´s specific literature, the topic of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has often been driven by companies in order to anticipate the behavior of consumers who are increasingly demanding this type of initiative, setting up as an act of Social Marketing. Research indicates that, despite the claiming to be prone to consider the social attitudes of the companies in their purchasing choices, the consumer does not act in accordance with their stated intentions, creating a gap between intention and purchase behavior. The objective of this dissertation, taking as its starting point the observation of the Vivo´s deployment of 3G coverage in the community of Belterra-PA is to check the importance of stakeholder consumer regarding the context of Corporate Social Responsibility through two observation points: from the companies perspective, verifying if the consumer is considered among the motivators for managers at the time of investment decision in Corporate Social Responsibility actions, and from the consumers perspective, verifying if the Brazilians consumers value and legitimize these initiatives through their buying behavior. We start from an extensive literature review about Corporate Social Responsibility in order to trace how this topic has been linked to the field of Marketing. Regarding to the companies motivators, we wrote a case study about the project “Conexão Belterra” having as information sources magazines, blogs, company executives’ in-depth interviews and academic work research (Cruz, 2002). Despite the observation this action is aligned with its mission and objective, the company did not consider the consumer as a key motivator when implementing this CSR initiative. In relation to the consumer behavior, we locate the Öberseder, Schlegelmilch e Gruber (2011) paper, whose theoretical and methodological approach, as well the roadmap for research, served us as a guide for the development of our own empirical research. We conducted a qualitative study with 16 indepth interviews in order to explore how consumers’ perceptions about SR interfere in their evaluation process as purchasing behavior. Our results largely corroborate in the same direction of the results of Öberseder, Schlegelmilch e Gruber (2011), although bringing new specific socio-cultural aspects regarding Brazil contexto. / Segundo literatura específica do marketing, o tema de responsabilidade social empresarial (RSE) tem sido, muitas vezes, conduzido pelas empresas com o objetivo de antecipar o comportamento de consumidores que estão demandando cada vez mais esse tipo de iniciativa, configurando-se como uma ação de marketing social. Pesquisas indicam que, apesar de afirmar estar propenso a considerar as atitudes sociais das empresas em suas escolhas de compra, o consumidor não age de acordo com suas intenções declaradas, criando aparentemente uma lacuna entre intenção e comportamento de compra. O objetivo deste trabalho, tendo como ponto de partida a implantação de cobertura 3G na cidade de Belterra, no Pará, pela Vivo, é verificar a importância do stakeholder cliente dentro do contexto RSE da Vivo, por meio de dois pontos de observação: pela ótica das empresas, se o consumidor está entre os motivadores considerados pelos gestores no momento de decisão de investimento na condução de ações de RSE, e, pela ótica dos consumidores, se os brasileiros valorizam e legitimam essas iniciativas com a concretização do seu comportamento de compra. Partimos de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica sobre RSE, a fim de localizarmos, na literatura, como este tema tem sido atrelado ao campo do marketing. Em relação à observação dos motivadores das empresas, compusemos um estudo de caso sobre o projeto Conexão Belterra, tendo como fonte de informação revistas, blogs, entrevistas com executivos da empresa e pesquisa em um trabalho acadêmico dedicado ao levantamento dos resultados dessa implantação (CRUZ, 2002). Apesar de observar que a escolha dessa ação está alinhada com a missão e objetivo da empresa, exemplificando bem a relação entre seu negócio e a sociedade, essa decisão não teve o consumidor como um motivador-chave para sua condução. Em relação ao comportamento do consumidor, localizamos o trabalho desenvolvido por Öberseder, Schlegelmilch e Gruber (2011), cuja base teórica e metodológica, bem como o roteiro de pesquisa, serviu de guia para o desenvolvimento da nossa própria pesquisa empírica. Conduzimos uma pesquisa qualitativa, com 16 entrevistas em profundidade, a fim de explorarmos como as percepções acerca de ações de RSE interferem no processo de avaliação dos consumidores como critério de compra. Os resultados alcançados corroboram, em grande parte, os resultados da pesquisa de Öberseder, Schlegelmilch e Gruber (2011), embora tragam aspectos novos específicos do contexto sociocultural brasileiro.

共享經濟、社群媒體，已經是現代人在行銷媒體以及商業管理上密不可分的話題，然而，在這樣一個網際網路頻繁運用的同時，整個大環境的改變，過多的資源讓消費者的身分開始轉變，不再像以往的方式只是單單的接受與接收，而是有強烈的求知慾，這樣的資訊的啃食方式，改變了消費者的身分，消費者直接或間接的轉變成評量者、推薦者甚是購買者變成銷售者，這就是共享經濟下的一個模組。本研究探討目前市面上已經執行且成功擴散的共享經濟經營模式，用這樣的一個方式間接地看台灣市場在品牌行銷上的概況。本研究針對保養品產業，先來探討目前市場上會使用的媒體行銷工具，並運用研究方法，找到網路平台上與實體通路間的一個微妙的組合，這樣的組合行銷方式來自於消費者對基本資訊的強烈需求與擴散，直接與間接地達成共創經濟的模式，讓台灣保養品可以找到一組符合現在消費者與商品之間的行銷模式，並探討出哪些行銷模式是會被消費者有強連結與弱連結的行銷模組。 同時在這樣的研究方式下，測試及比較體驗行銷與信任行銷兩者之間，會因為共創的這樣的一個身分，而改變對品牌的認同感與黏著度。 / Sharing economy and social media are, nowadays, inseparable topics in the realm of media marketing and business management. However, while in an era which WWW is being used with such high frequency, the entire environment is changed, these abundant resources have transformed consumers’ identities, not any longer a one way receiver, but to have a strong desire and curiosity to acquiring more knowledge and information. It is such hunger for information the key consumers’ identities change. Consumers are changed directly or indirectly to an evaluator, they are from being the one that suggests or purchases to a seller, this is the new module developed under “sharing economy.” This study explores the shared economic business models that have been implemented and are now proliferating successfully in the marketplace, and indirectly look at the Taiwanese market in terms of brand marketing. This research aims at the skin care industry, starting at exploring the media marketing tools currently used in the market, and through further research to find out a subtle combination of channel marketing and online sales platforms. Such a combination of marketing methods comes from consumers’ strong demand for basic information and proliferation, directly and indirectly bring out the model of a “ co-creating economy,” in order that Taiwanese skin care product brands can find a suitable marketing model between consumers and products, and further explore which marketing models would be the strongest links and weakest links to these consumers. At the same time in such research approach, the test and comparison between experience marketing and trust marketing will change the brand recognition and attachment due to the presence of co-creation. Key words: Customer value, create economy, service quality, purchase intention, service involved

本研究主要目的為探討代言人與產品適配度不同時，其發生不同類型的道德問題，對購買意願之影響。當代言人與產品適配度不同，代言人與產品間之連結程度就會不同，因此，當代言人發生不同類型的道德問題時，就會對購買意願產生不同的影響。故本次研究採用兩個自變數：代言人與產品適配度(高/低)及道德問題類型(違情/違法)，來檢驗是否會影響消費者對產品之購買意願，並以受試者之主觀道德程度(高/低)以及客觀道德程度(高/低)作為調節變數，利用實驗設計的方法，進行一個2×2之組間實驗，並以虛擬的代言人作為實驗對象，取得有效樣本126份。本次研究利用獨立樣本t檢定、雙因子變異數分析以及三因子變異數分析檢驗所得之結果，並獲得以下之結論： 1.當代言人與產品適配度較高時，消費者購買意願會較高。 2.道德問題類型對購買意願有顯著影響，相較於代言人發生違情的道德問題，當代言人發生違法的道德問題時，消費者購買意願會較低。 3.代言人與產品適配度與道德問題類型無交互作用，不論代言人代言何種類型的產品，相較於代言人發生違情的道德問題，當代言人發生違法的道德問題會有較低的購買意願。 4.受試者的道德程度與道德問題類型無交互作用，不論受試者之道德程度高低，相較於代言人發生違情的道德問題，當代言人發生違法的道德問題，消費者會有較低的購買意願。 5.道德問題類型對代言人可信度有顯著影響，相較於代言人發生違情的道德問題，當代言人發生違法的道德問題時，代言人可信度較低。 6.不論代言人發生違情或違法的道德問題，受試者皆認為廠商需與代言人暫停合作關係，然又以發生違法的道德問題時，更應與代言人暫停合作。 / The purpose of this research is to understand the effects on purchase intention when product fit and moral issue of endorsers are in different level. When product fit is different, the connection between product and endorser will be in different degree. Therefore, endorser have different types of moral issues which will have impact on purchase intention. There are two independent variables: Product fit (High vs. Low), Moral issue (illegal vs. unfaithful) and two moderator variables (subjective moral level vs. objective moral level) and we conduct a 2x2 factorial research to test whether they will have influence on purchase intention. There are 126 effective questionnaires and the following is the results: 1.Different type of moral issues will affect purchase intention. When endorser has illegal moral issue, customers will have lower purchase intention. 2.There is no interaction effect between product fit and type of moral issue. No matter how product fit is, when endorser has illegal moral issue, customers will have lower purchase intention. 3.There is no interaction effect between moral level and type of moral issue. No matter how moral level is, when endorser has illegal moral issue, customers will have lower purchase intention. 4.Different type of moral issues will affect endorser credibility. When endorser has illegal moral issue, he or she will have lower credibility. 5.No matter what kinds of moral issues, customers think companies should stop cooperation with endorsers. When endorser has illegal moral issue, customers think companies should stop cooperation with endorsers much seriously.

近年來，隨著網際網路及線上社群日益普及，電子口碑的影響力迅速壯大。有鑑於這樣的趨勢，許多廠商開始尋找具有一定人氣的公眾人物或網路紅人為產品撰寫業配文。做為一種相對新穎的行銷方式，業配文同時兼具一般電子口碑的特性與產品代言的商業色彩。正因為它並非單純自發性的使用心得分享，許多消費者仍對其可信度有所疑慮，且大眾對其之觀感亦差異甚大。 本研究遂以信號理論（Signaling Theory）的觀點出發，將業配文撰文者視為信號傳遞者（Signaler）、文章內容視為信號本身（Signal）、消費者視為信號接收者（Receiver）、承載文章之平台視為信號環境（Signaling Environment），探討此四大面向中可能影響消費者文章信任、產品態度與購買意願之因素。 本研究採量化分析，透過發放線上問卷蒐集初級資料，經統計迴歸分析後發現，信號接收者面向的「撰文者與消費者相似性」、「撰文者過往名聲」、信號本身面向的「文章內容真實性」以及信號環境面向的「平台可信度」確實對文章信任有正向顯著影響，並會藉之進而影響產品態度和購買意願。此外，「平台生動性」及「平台互動性」則直接對產品態度有正向顯著影響。而本研究也針對文章信任之中介效果及信號接收者面向的「消費者人格外向開放性」、「消費者過去受業配文影響之經驗」、「消費者產品知識程度」是否具調節效果進行分析，詳細結果於研究中將一一闡述。 / In recent years, the impact of Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) has surged due to the prevalence of the Internet and social media. In response to this phenomenon, many firms have been inviting public figures or Internet celebrities to write sponsored (blog) posts for certain products. Sponsored posts, in substance, lie somewhere between solely spontaneous sharing of personal experiences and actual endorsements. Hence, many consumers still take sponsored posts with a grain of salt and remain skeptical of their authenticity as well as trustworthiness. This research builds upon Signaling Theory by adopting the concept of “Signaler”, “Signal”, “Receiver”, and “Signaling Environment”, and aims at clarifying some possible factors that may influence consumers’ trust toward the sponsored posts, product attitude and purchase intention. Among the independent variables, “Similarity between Writer and Consumer”, “Writer’s Reputation”, “Content Truthfulness”, and “Media Credibility” are significantly positively correlated with consumers’ trust toward the sponsored posts, which then positively influences consumers’ product attitude and purchase intention. Meanwhile, “Media Vividness” and “Media Interactivity” also contribute significantly to consumers’ product attitude. Other factors involved, the mediating effect of trust, as well as the moderating effect of “Consumer’s Personality” and “Consumer’s Past Experiences” are further discussed in this research.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo el análisis de distintas variables que se encuentran presentes tanto en el interior como exterior de los espacios físicos de un retail minorista que pueden guiar a los consumidores, dentro de una tienda, a modificar su proceso de compra. Para ello, se definió un conjunto de variables del visual merchandising a las que los clientes están expuestos como parte de una estrategia y táctica de marketing que los conlleven a tener o experimentar una intención de compra. Dichos componentes están relacionados al ambiente y diseño del espacio de compra. Por ello, se estudiaron variables como el color, iluminación, window display y diseño interno. Ante ello, se realizará un estudio cuantitativo a jóvenes mujeres que asisten a retailers minoristas de ropa femenina y compran constantemente. / The objective of the study was to analyze different variables that are present both inside and outside the physical spaces of a retail retailer that can guide consumers, within a store, to modify their purchase process. To do this, a set of visual merchandising variables was defined for customers who are exposed as part of a marketing strategy and tactic that lead to having or experiencing a purchase intention. These components are related to the environment and the design of the shopping space. Therefore, variables such as color, lighting, shop window and internal design were studied. Given this, a quantitative study will be carried out on young women who attend women's clothing retailers and shop constantly. / Trabajo de investigación

El riesgo percibido ha sido considerado desde hace décadas como un factor fundamental en el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores, y en este caso, en el proceso de toma de decisión de compra. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y examinar la relación entre los distintos factores de riesgo percibido que percibe el consumidor con la intención de compra en línea de productos tecnológicos en tiendas por departamento. Se realizaron un total de 405 encuestas vía online entre consumidores que adquirieron productos tecnológicos por el canal online de las tiendas por departamento en los últimos doce meses. Se realizó un análisis factorial y una regresión logística y análisis de los datos se realizó utilizando IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Los resultados revelaron que el riesgo de seguridad es el de mayor influencia negativa en la intención de compra de los consumidores. Asimismo, el riesgo financiero y riesgo social también demostraron tener una relación negativa con la intención de compra en línea. Por su parte, el riesgo de producto, riesgo de desempeño y riesgo de tiempo resultaron no afectar a la intención de compra en línea de los consumidores. El estudio proporciona información relevante para el marketing, especialmente para los especialistas en e-commerce, y se espera que los hallazgos puedan aportar a futuros estudios sobre la percepción del riesgo en los consumidores, para que de esta manera se puedan reducir los riesgos en el entorno online. / Perceived risk has been considered for decades as a fundamental factor in consumer purchasing behavior, and in this case, in the purchasing decision-making process. The present research aims to identify and examine the relationship between the different perceived risk factors perceived by the consumer with the intention of online purchase of technological products in department stores. A total of 405 online surveys were conducted among consumers who purchased technology products through the online channel of department stores in the last twelve months, using factor analysis and logistic regression and the data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The results revealed that security risk has the greatest negative influence on consumers' purchase intention. Likewise, financial risk and social risk were also shown to have a negative relationship with online purchase intention. For its part, product risk, performance risk, and time risk did not affect consumers' online purchase intention. The study provides relevant information for marketing, especially for e-commerce specialists, and it is hoped that the findings can contribute to future studies on the perception of risk in consumers so that in this way the risks in the online environment can be reduced. / Trabajo de investigación