Les pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines, également connues sous le nom de 7-déazapurines, sont une classe importante d’hétérocycliques aromatiques, de par leurs potentiels biologiques (antitumoral, antiinflammatoire, antibactérien, etc.). C’est pourquoi ce squelette a été une source d’intérêt pour les chimistes organiciens. Outre leurs atouts biologiques, ces molécules présentent également de remarquables propriétés physico-chimiques (fluorescence UV), ce qui permet de nouvelles applications en électronique. Bien que ces dernières années, un bon nombre de recherche ont été mises en oeuvre en vue de synthétiser ces molécules, il n’existe encore que peu de méthodes générales pour obtenir des pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines hautement substituées. Le but de ces travaux de thèse est de développer différentes stratégies régiosélectives et chimiosélectives de synthèse pour accéder à des pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines diversement substituées et ce, en un minimum d’étapes. Dans un premier temps, il a été synthétisé une famille de 7-méthylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4,5,6 triarylées notamment via l’utilisation de deux réactions de Suzuki-Miyaura. Pour faire suite, nous avons envisagé la préparation d’une série de pyrrolopyrimidines 2,4,6-triarylées où le motif aromatique de la position 2 est introduit suivant les conditions de Liebeskind-Srogl. Enfin la préparation de pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 4-aminées à partir d’alkynylpyrimidines a été mise au point et divers composés de cette famille ont été élaborés. / The pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidines, also known as 7-deazapurines, are an important class of aromatic heterocycles by their biological potencial (antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, etc.). Therefore, this skeleton is a source of interest for the organic chemists. A part of the biological activity, these compounds present also outstanding physicochemical properties (UV-fluorescence); enabling new applications in electronics. The last few years, a great number of researches have been put in execution with a view to synthesizing these molecules, where still few general methods exist to obtain pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidines highly substituted. The aim of these works of thesis is to develop different regioselective and chemoselective synthetic strategies to accede to pyrrolo [2,3-d]pyrimidines diversely substituted and furthemore in a reduced number of steps. First has been synthesized a family of 4,5,6-triarylated-7-methylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines including the use of two Suzuki-Miyaura's reactions. Also we contemplated the preparation of a series of 2,4,6-triarylated pyrrolopyrimidines where the aryl group at the position 2 has been introduced under Liebeskind-Srogl reaction conditions. Finally the preparation of 4-aminated pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidines from alkynylpyrimidines has been fine-tuned and diverse derivative compounds have been synthesized.

The synthetic routes to three types of phosphate prodrugs of 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides based on palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have been developed. CycloSal- and phosphoramidate pronucleotides and octadecyl phosphates derived from 6- hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides were screened for their in vitro cytostatic activity. It was shown that cytostatic activity of cycloSal phosphates was similar or slightly lower compared to the parent nucleosides. Significant drop of cytostatic activity was observed in phosphoramidate pronucleotides. Octadecyl phosphates were devoid of any cytostatic activity. 6-Hetaryl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides with bulky groups in position 6 showed very strong and selective inhibition of adenosine kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2'-Modified 6-hetaryl-7-deazapurine nucleosides: 2'-O-methylribonucleosides, arabinonucleosides and 2'- deoxy-2'-fluororibonucleosides, were prepared by multistep functional group transformations from a ribonucleoside. The synthesis of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-erythro-pentofuranosyl nucleosides was based on a glycosylation of 6-chloro-7-deazapurine with a sugar synthon followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and deprotection. Despite the low yields and laborious separation of the anomers,...