The contemporary discussion on the topic of multicultural education in the Canadian literature relates questions of race, ethnicity or culture to public schooling, with little attention given to the area of teacher preparation. In this study we review the political and social background of multicultural education. This study notably presents the results of a 42 item survey of pre-service teachers' perceptions of: (a) the concept of multiculturalism and; (b) the adequacy of their training for multicultural classrooms. / The pre-service teachers also examine their curriculum for multicultural content. This is followed up by a content analysis of the respective programs by the researcher. / The implications of this exploratory study are especially valuable for teacher training institutions. As multiculturalism is a fact of Canadian society, it is logical to educate our future citizens in accordance with this reality. Institutions are failing to prepare teachers for today's society if they are not providing courses in multicultural education.

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Property ownership and occupational change are used to understand the social and economic organization of the Chinese community in Montreal. These data can be understood with a model of the lineage mode of production, situated within an ethnically defined dual economy. / Original immigration data show distinct patterns for Eastern Canada, and the independence of migration from Canadian legislation. The history of Chinese property ownership reveals encapsulated, long term tenure with transfers related to life cycle crises rather than market conditions. Chinese occupations are highly concentrated in service sector specialities which support domestic production units. The Chinese community is present throughout the Island of Montreal, while Chinatown contains some specialized institutions rather than being a ghetto. / Current demographic changes may jeopardize the future of secondary Chinese centers such as Montreal, in favor of larger centers such as Toronto and Vancouver.

The objective of this study was to determine whether formal, primary education could increase the level of ethnicity in children. One hundred Jewish children completing grade 6, and their parents, were measured on a series of instruments designed to evaluate their level of ethnic identity. Half the children had received their full education in private, parochial schools, while the other half had attended public, secular schools. The two samples were further sub-divided so that each sample consisted of 25 children of Ashkenazi descent and 25 of Sephardi descent. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of covariance wherein the variance attributable to the parents was partialled out. The results indicated that formal, parochial education does not effect an increase in the level of ethnicity, and that parental and community factors are the primary determinants of a child's ethnic identity. The results also demonstrate that the Sephardi children, despite their affinity to the Jewish people, have a less positive image of the Jewish community when compared to the Ashkenazi majority. The Conflict Theory model, which views the school as a mirror of the forces in society at large, was seen as the best explanation of the data.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of the Greek day school Socrates in Montreal and its overall impact on its students vis-a-vis the variables of ethnic identity, socio-personal adjustment and academic achievement. Existing documentation, content analysis of the Greek community press, and participant observation were all used in unfolding the school's historical development. The dependent variables of Greekness, adjustment and achievement were examined via the interviewing of 549 Greek origin individuals, 118 of whom were adults, 255 Socrates students, 158 non-Socrates students, and the rest 18 were Socrates graduates. Although the results obtained did not provide conclusive evidence concerning an assumed differential impact of Socrates along the variables investigated, the ethnic identity influences of the community school were clearly delineated. At the same time, the results of the study have pointed to what has been coined here a "Socrates ethos" which is may be conducive to academic and socio-professional success. Accordingly, an overall long-term Socrates impact has tentatively been postulated.

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