Bodybuilding is a weight training sport similar to powerlifting, strongman, and Olympic weightlifting. Instead of performing a feat of strength in competition, the athletes are based on physical appearance. Information about injuries within the other sports are available. However, there are a low number of studies on competitive bodybuilding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and localization of injuries and pain in Swedish bodybuilding athletes. Additional aims were to investigate sex differences and the significance of explanatory variables. Data from 83 male and 105 female active bodybuilding athletes were collected using a web-based questionnaire. Athletes active within all of the available bodybuilding categories were included. The subjects were recruited through flyers in local gyms in Sweden and ads on social media. Fifty-eight percent (109/188) of the athletes reported current pain during training and 74.5 % (140/188) have been injured at least once during their competitive career. The rate of injury was calculated as 0.27 injuries per athlete per year. There were 0.42 injuries per 1000h of exercise. Injuries in competitive bodybuilding are less common compared to other weight training sports. In agreement with earlier studies, the most prevalent anatomical localizations of injury were the shoulders, lower back/buttocks, and knees. There were no notable differences in sex regarding injury localizations. Age, training frequency, calorie intake and medical care were associated with having an injury

The current dissertation is a replication of a pilot study and aims to define what it means for group leaders to "act on" feedback from a group therapy process measure called the Group Questionnaire (GQ). Twelve leaders received feedback reports based on group member responses to the GQ after each session. Leaders submitted two sources of qualitative data: brief written session-by-session explanations of feedback use and end-of-semester debrief interviews to describe their experience with the measure. Researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis that yielded 15 categories of leader GQ use summarized by three temporal dimensions. Quantitative analyses were performed to test for variability in leader use. Categories common to both the pilot study and the current study were established, and the two data sets were merged to create one complete data set. A brief questionnaire designed to summarize leader use is introduced, and quantitative analyses were performed to test the relationship between this measure and qualitative findings. Finally, implications of these findings are discussed.

Title: Technical maturity of a kickbox representative Objectives: The main goal of this thesis is to determine the level of technical maturity of each adult kickbox representative, whether it is dedicated to semi-contact or full-contact disciplines. Another objective is to compare three views on the technical maturity of each representative, according to the representative himself and two state coaches. Then to compare representatives of semi-contact disciplines with representatives of full-contact disciplines in selected techniques of strikes and kicks. In conclusion, it will be ascertained how men and women see their technical maturity. Methods: In my thesis I used a method of analysis and the comparison method. I applied the analysis method in analyzing and describing the individual technical preparation of each representative. Information about the technical maturity was obtained on the basis of a questionnaire. I used the comparison method in the comparison of the representative himself and the opinions of the two state coaches. Then I used it in comparison of representatives of semi-contact disciplines and representatives of full-contact disciplines in techniques of strikes and kicks. Finally, by the same method, it will be found how men and women see their technical maturity. Results: - In...

Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: Yuliia Kliui Consultant: PharmDr. Martin Doseděl PhD. Title of the diploma thesis: The Analysis of Senior's Opinions on Self-treatment by non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Introduction: Due to their significant analgesic and antiphlogistic effects are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs one of the most prescribed drugs. According to the high number of side effects and drug-drug interactions, it is important to pay attention to their presence in patient's medication. The importance of drug related problems increases in polymorbid and geriatric patients, who's medication can be altered by the presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which can lead to unwanted complications. Aim of study: The principal aim of the theoretical part is to elaborate a review of the drug related problems concerning the side effects and drug-drug interactiond of NSAIDs. The practical part analyses via a question-study the senior's opinion and experiences on self- medication by analgesics focusing on ibuprofen. Methods: A cross sectional study have been conducted in the city of Kharkov in Ukraine. The data have been collected during an interview with a questionnaire. The used questionnairre has...

The Analysis of Senior's Opinions on Self-treatment by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs II Author: Jana Čižmárová Supervisor of the thesis: PharmDr. Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Department: Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy Background: Self-medication is a growing trend in a society with widespread use of over- the-counter medicines. Among the OTC medicines, analgesics belong to the drugs with the highest consumption. They are also popular in the group of seniors, who often suffer from chronic pain, mainly of the musculoskeletal system. Aim of study: In the theoretical part to carry out a review of published papers concerning safety of self-medication with analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In the practical part, by performing a questionnaire survey to acquire and analyze the attitudes of seniors regarding self-medication with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs focused on ibuprofen. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the facilities for seniors of the Trenčín region. The survey was conducted by interview with senior using questionnaire sheets. The research took place in the period July to September 2019. Results: 64.0 % of seniors suffered from almost every day or daily pain, mainly from musculoskeletal pain. The main counselling subject...

The Analysis of Seniors' Opinions on Self-treatment by Non-steroidal Anti-inflamatory Drugs III Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of: Social and Clinical Pharmacy Candidate: Marek Procházka Consultant: PharmDr.Martin Doseděl, Ph.D. Background: Self-treatment is one of the approaches in managing pain which is still gaining higher level of importance even amongst seniors. One of the most favourite over the counter (OTC) analgesics is ibuprofen, however its use can be associated with certain drug related problems (DRP). The potential of DRPs is increasing with age which makes seniors more sensitive to them. Aim of study: 1) To create an overview of DRPs of OTC analgesics, focusing on paracetamol (acetaminophen). 2) Through the survey find out the knowledge and experience of seniors with self-treatment by OTC analgesics. The other aim was to evaluate their sources of information concerning ibuprofen and their preferences to each product. Methods: The observable cross-sectional study was made through social media and in Královéhradecký region. In the first case the questionnaire was spread through social media- Facebook. In the second case standardised conversation with questionnaire lists was applied with seniors above 60 years of age. The research was anonymous and...

Because low rate, covert responses are hard to observe and measure (e.g., Azrin & Wesolowski, 1974; Henderson, 1981; Jeffery, 1969; Reid & Patterson, 1976; Seymour & Epston, 1989), well-controlled behavior analytic investigations of stealing have been rare. In fact, systematic investigations to experimentally determine stealing functions have been limited to two studies targeting food (Lambert et al., 2019; Simmons, Akers, & Fisher, 2019). The dearth of studies examining stealing functions, partly attributable to low rate and covertness, may be forestalling additional intervention studies. Given the likely futility of unsystematic attempts to observe naturally occurring instances of an infrequent, clandestine response, a possible role for indirect assessment emerges (Iwata & Dozier, 2008). This two-part study concerned an investigation into the reliability and predictive validity of the Functional Analysis Screening Tool (Iwata, DeLeon, & Roscoe, 2013) and a similarly constructed tool (The Stealing Inventory or TSI) with the latter having questions oriented towards likely stealing functions. In doing so, the comparative viability of two trial-based functional analysis (FA) models (Bloom, Iwata, Fritz, Roscoe, & Carreau, 2011; Lambert, Bloom, & Irvin, 2012) was also examined. Across 42 respondent pairs, overall tool reliability and outcome reliability for suggested functions favored the TSI (85% and 92.9%, respectively) over the FAST (80% and 73.8%, respectively). Three out of 6 participants stole during one of their two respective FAs, and the identified function matched the respective TSI outcomes for each case. FA model superiority was unclear.

College campuses are a common location for individuals to experience alcohol consequences. Those consequences: health, legal, and/or academic, could cause short- or long-term repercussions on the student. Students likely have been provided education about these consequences from a range of sources (e.g., parents, friends, health courses). It is important to understand what knowledge of alcohol-related information students retain and how that information may impact their decisions around risk behavior engagement. The Student Alcohol Questionnaire (SAQ; Engs &Hanson, 1973), contains 4 subscales: drinking patterns, problems related to alcohol, knowledge of alcohol, and alcohol attitudes. This measure provided an important model for assessment of students' understanding of alcohol use consequences, however the questionnaire the language had not been updated since it was created. The current study had two aims; 1) to revise the SAQ with language that would be more accessible to current students and reflective of modern drinking trends, and 2) to examine the factor structure of the drinking problems subscale. The revision process was completed in four steps. First, the SAQ was checked overall on what needed to be rewritten or removed. After the first researcher made these changes, it was looked at by multiple raters of different levels of education (i.e., undergraduates, graduates, and faculty). These raters gave a new perspective and new ideas of what could be added for the drinking problems section. The scale was reconfigured to be shorter and to reflect today’s language. This study (i.e., the factor analysis) is the fourth step in the process to validate the questionnaire. Participants (N=255) were 18- to 58-year-olds (Mage = 20.2, SD = 4.152). Participants were directed to the SONA research site to complete the SAQ and, upon completion, were given credit to use in classes that either required or had extra credit opportunities for the student. Data was collected through RedCap and analyzed on SPSS. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sample adequacy was .91, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (X 2 (351) = 5428.14, p < .001). Since the KMO and Bartlett’s test were both significant, this meant that it was appropriate to run an exploratory factor analysis. Factor analysis extracted two factors, high-risk drinking consequences, and hangover/blackouts, both with eigenvalues above one. A reliability analysis reported that factor one had a Cronbach's Alpha of .96, and factor two had a Cronbach's Alpha of .87. These results that the revisions to the SAQ resulted in the drinking problems subscale to now reflect two separate factors. All drinking problems questions were retained as meaningful to the model, with a hangover and blackout-related questions forming their own new factor separate from general drinking consequences. The next step in our study will be to examine the correspondence between the scales other three factors and these two factors of the drinking problems subscale. Future research should also be conducted on a larger sample size to examine the stability of factor analytic findings.

The advent of the Internet in personnel selection has brought with it many opportunities, challenges and concerns. The opportunities afforded to the employer include, among others, increased security, a reduction in the resources needed, reduced geographical constraints, reduced time to hire, immediate scoring and a lowering of costs. Owing to these benefits, the use of the Internet for psychological testing will continue to become more prevalent in personnel selection over the next few years. The use and acceptance of the Internet has encouraged organisations and assessment practitioners to make use of Internet-delivered testing as the preferred mode of administration, especially in view of the benefits that it offers to the employer, as well as to the candidate. Internet-delivered testing brings with it a few concerns and many organisations are still making use of the paper-and-pencil version of an instrument even though it is available in an online version. This is because of concerns over measurement equivalence, as the paper-and-pencil version is seen as a “safer” and more accepted mode of administration. There are also many test publishers that would like to take advantage of the practicability of Internet-delivered testing by converting their current selection procedures to an Internet format. This conversion cannot simply be assumed and needs to be examined and documented for each instrument. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the construct equivalence of the Customer Contact Styles Questionnaire (CCSQ7.2) when it is administered via paper-and-pencil in the presence of a proctor and when it is administered online in the absence of a proctor. The aim is to determine whether the online version of the CCSQ7.2 can be considered equivalent to its paper-and-pencil counterpart without loss of psychometric property. The results of the study revealed that the mode in which the CCSQ7.2 is administered does not compromise scale reliabilities and that the relationship between scales of the CCSQ7.2 are not affected by modes of administration. It can thus be said with confidence that the online version of the CCSQ7.2 can be considered equivalent to its paper-and-pencil counterpart without loss of psychometric property. Copyright / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Human Resource Management / unrestricted

Hydrocephalus can impact all areas of health, including physical, cognitive, and social-emotional functioning. The social-emotional health of children who have had surgery for their hydrocephalus is not well characterized. This study examined social-emotional and behavioral functioning using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3) and the Hydrocephalus Outcome Questionnaire (HOQ) in children aged 5-17 years old. BASC-3 parent report scores were compared to the BASC-3 normative sample using one-sample t-tests to evaluate overall social-emotional functioning. BASC-3 scores were correlated with the social-emotional domain of the HOQ using Pearson's r to determine if the HOQ accurately captures the social-emotional functioning of children with hydrocephalus in a neurosurgery setting. BASC-3 and HOQ scores of children with different etiologies of hydrocephalus were compared using one-way ANOVAs. Children with hydrocephalus of all etiologies had more difficulties with social-emotional functioning compared to normative populations, but there were no differences in functioning between etiologies. The social-emotional domain of the HOQ correlated more strongly with the BASC-3 than did the physical and cognitive domains. These results provide evidence that children who have had surgery for their hydrocephalus may be at increased risk of social-emotional and behavioral difficulties, but etiology may not be particularly helpful in predicting what kinds or degree of difficulty. This study also supports the content and divergent validity of the social-emotional domain of the HOQ.