The refractive index of particulate matter suspended in seawater is nonuniform and potentially is an indicator of composition and origin. A method is described for determining the refractive index distribution. The method requires the measurement of the volume scattering function and assumes the total size distribution to be capable of being reproduced as a linear superposition of hyperbolic size distributions. The procedure utilizes 40 theoretical volume scattering functions computed for a range of refractive indices and particle size distributions. Each one represents a particular combination of index and distribution. The eight values for the refractive index (relative to that of water) range from 1.02 to 1.15. The distribution of refractive index and the total particle size distribution are determined by finding the best possible representation of the measured volume scattering function as a linear superposition of the 40 computed functions. An iterative descent method is used to minimize the error between the measured curve and the superposition of component scattering functions. If the particle size distribution is known beforehand, the determination can be restricted to reproduce the measured distribution to within limits set by a weighting factor. A similar technique is given for finding the refractive index composition for phytoplankton populations using measured scattering and size-distribution data. Twelve volume scattering functions measured in oceanic environments (Sargasso Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Baltic Sea) and three measured in cultured phytoplankton populations (the dinoflaggelate Amphidinium carterae, and unidentified unicellular alga labeled T-24, and a centric diatom of the genus Biddulphia) were analyzed. Determinations for the Mediterranean Sea were performed at a series of depths extending from near surface to 2OO m. All the determinations showed the refractive index distributions to be essentially bimodal with components of refractive indices near 1.05 and 1.15. The method reproduced measured scattering curves with an average absolute error less than the experimental uncertainty. Suggestions for obtaining better results using the same technique are given. / Graduation date: 1975

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University, 1916. / Reprinted from the Astrophysical journal, vol. XLV, no. 3, April, 1917.

Thesis (M.S.)--New England College of Optometry, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-57).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1907. / "Reprinted from the Physical Review, n.s., vol. I., no. 3, March, 1913."

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1907. / "Reprinted from the Physical Review, n.s., vol. I., no. 3, March, 1913."

Thesis (PH. D.)--Johns Hopkins university, 1916. / Reprinted from the Astrophysical journal, vol. XLV, no. 3, April, 1917.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago. / "Reprinted from the Physical review, Vol. XIV, No. 1, January, 1902." Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

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Long period gratings (LPGs) are formed by inducing a permanent periodic modulation of the refractive index (RI) of the core of an optical fibre. The transmission spectrum of the LPG contains a series of attenuation bands centered at discrete wavelengths. The exact form of the transmission spectrum and the central wavelengths of the attenuation bands, are sensitive to the period and the length of the LPG and to the local environment. The sensitivity of a LPG to a particular measurand is dependant upon the composition of the fibre and upon the order of the cladding mode to which the guided mode is coupled to and is thus different for each attenuation band.