Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2003. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "August 2007" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-243). Also available in electronic version.

Παρστατίνη ονομάζεται το πεπτίδιο 41 αμινοξέων που αποκόπτεται από το αμινοτελικό άκρο του υποδοχέα PAR-1 κατά την ενεργοποίησή του από τη θρομβίνη. Προηγούμενες πειραματικές μελέτες κατέδειξαν ότι η Παρστατίνη δρα ώς καρδιοπροστατευτικός παράγων κατά την ισχαιμία-επαναιμάτωση του μυοκαρδίου. Σκοπός της παρούσης μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης της Παρστατίνης στη νεφρική βλάβη εξ ισχαιμίας - επαναιμάτωσης. Μια πιθανή τέτοια δράση θα καθιστούσε την Παρστατίνη πολύτιμο εργαλείο σε μια σειρά κλινικών συνθηκών που σχετίζονται με το συγκεκριμένο φαινόμενο περιορισμού της νεφρικής λειτουργίας. Μέθοδος και αποτελέσματα: Σε μια πρώτη φάση του πειράματος Παρστατίνη διαφόρων συγκεντρώσεων χορηγήθηκε σε 77 αρσενικούς επίμυες οι οποίοι υποβλήθηκαν σε χειρουργικά επαγόμενη νεφρική ισχαιμία 45 λεπτών και μετέπειτα 4ωρη επαναιμάτωση. Στο τέλος της περιόδου αυτής τα πειραματόζωα θανατώθηκαν και δείγματα αίματος, ούρων και νεφρών ελήφθησαν προς ανάλυση. Η Παρστατίνη βρέθηκε να παρουσιάζει στατιστικά σημαντική νεφροπροστατευτική δράση έναντι του σχετικού μάρτυρα, όπως αυτή καταδείχτηκε από τον περιορισμό της αύξησης της κρεατινίνης πλάσματος, του κλάσματος “franctional excretion of Na (FENa)” και των ιστολογικών βλαβών στο νεφρικό παρέγχυμα. Δεδομένης της αποτελεσματικότητας της Παρστατίνης στην πρώιμη φάση της μελέτης, ένα πεπτιδικό παράγωγο 26 αμινοξέων της Παρστατίνης (η ακολουθία των αμινοξέων της Παρστατίνης από τη θέση 1 έως και 26 - Π1-26) μελετήθηκε στο ίδιο πειραματικό μοντέλο σε 29 αρρουραίους, με σκοπό να καταδειχθεί αν το μικρότερο αυτό μόριο διατηρούσε τη δράση του μητρικού μορίου και ταυτόχρονα εμφάνιζε βελτιωμένη αποτελεσματικότητα. Στη δεύτερη φάση, το Π1-26 αναδείχτηκε εξίσου ισχυρός νεφροπροστατευτικός παράγων με το μητρικό μόριο. Συμπεράσματα: Η Παρστατίνη καθώς και το μόριο Π1-26 δρουν ως νεφροπροστατευτικοί παράγοντες κατά την ισχαιμία-επαναιμάτωση του νεφρού του αρουραίου. Μελέτες σε άλλα πειραματικά είδη καθώς και σε διαφορετικά μοντέλα νεφρικής ισχαιμίας κρίνονται σκόπιμες προκειμένου να επιβεβαιώσουν τα πολλά υποσχόμενα αποτελέσματα της παρούσης μελέτης. Τα συγκεκριμένα αποτελέσματα έρχονται να προστεθούν στην προσφάτως αναγνωρισμένη καρδιοπροστατευτική δράση της Παρστατίνης. Αναδεικνύεται επομένως πως η νεφροπροστατευτική και καρδιοπροστατευτική ιδιότητα του μορίου αυτού πιθανώς να μην είναι ειδική για τα όργανα που έχουν μελετηθεί, αλλά η Παρστατίνη να δρα ενάντια στο φαινόμενο της βλάβης εξ’ ισχαιμίας επαναιμάτωσης εν γένει, ανεξάρτητα από τον ιστό στον οποίο αυτό συμβαίνει. Επέκταση της μελέτης και σε άλλους ιστούς κρίνεται αναγκαία. / Parstatin, is a 41 amino acid peptide that is cleaved from the proteinase-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) during its activation by thrombin. Previous studies have demonstrated that parstatin as well as its hydrophobic N-terminal part (parstatin 1-26) demonstrate cardioprotective properties in in-vivo and in vitro experimental models of cardiovascular ischemia reperfusion injury. In this study we examine whether parstatin as well as parstatin1-26 attenuates renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI) in a rat model. Methods In total 106 male Wistar rats were used for the purposes of this study. RIRI model included 45 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia, though clamping of both renal pedicles, followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. The effects of Parstatin on RIRI were initially examined in 77 animals divided into 8 groups including sham (vehicle/no ischemia), sham/parstatin (parstatin/no ischemia), control (vehicle pretreatment/ischemia), parstatin 3-100μg/Kg (pretreatment with 3, 10, 30 or 100μg/Kg parstatin/ischemia), scramble (pretreatment with a non-parstatin 41 aminoacid peptide/ischemia) and after (ischemia/administration of 30μg/Kg parstatin after ischemia). The effects of parstatin 1-26 were then examined in 29 animals divided into 5 groups, including control (veicle/ischemia), parstatin1-26 1-100 μg/Kg (pretreatment with 1, 10 or 100μg/Kg parstatin1-26/ischemia) and after (ischemia/administration of 10μg/Kg parstatin1-26 after ischemia). At the end of reperfusion period all animals were sacrificed and their kidneys, urine and blood samples were taken for histological and biochemical examination. Studied parameters were serum creatinine and BUN levels, Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) and histological evaluation of renal specimens. Results Administration of 10 or 30μg/Kg of parstatin before or 30μg/Kg after renal ischemia attenuated RIRI. Dose response study revealed that at the higher examined dose (100μg/Kg parstatin effects were reversed. Pretreatment with 10μg/Kg of parstatin1-26 attenuated RIRI as well. Nevertheless, parstatin1-26 failed to induce statistically significant nephroprotection when administered after ischemia. Conclusions Parstatin as well its hydrophobic N-terminal segment, parstatin1-26, can preserve renal function and histological status in RIRI. The later reveals a potential role of this molecule in clinical entities related to the phenomenon of RIRI such as partial nephrectomy.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742453.pdf: 1981037 bytes, checksum: 4a9056658a30d5e113687815220ac620 (MD5) / O pós-condicionamento em modelo de isquemia e reperfusão já mostrou evidências de efeito renoprotetor, mas ainda há alguma controvérsia sobre os protocolos e seus resultados. A administração de cetamina S(+) em dose subanestésica em infusão contínua, como estratégia anti-inflamatória, ainda não foi testada na lesão renal aguda, bem como sua interação com o pós-condicionamento isquêmico não é conhecida. Testamos a hipótese de que a cetamina S(+) atenua o dano tubular e melhora a função renal em ratos sob pós-condicionamento. Quarenta e um ratos machos Wistar (≥300g) foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: GS-Sham; GC-Cetamina S(+) em dose subanestésica em infusão contínua; GP-Pós-condicionamento isquêmico; GCP-Cetamina S(+) em dose subanestésica em infusão contínua e pós-condicionamento. Todos os animais foram submetidos à nefrectomia direita. Nos ratos submetidos ao pós-condicionamento (GP e GCP) foi realizada oclusão da artéria renal esquerda por 30 minutos. A reperfusão plena foi precedida por três ciclos de 2 min de reperfusão, seguido por 2 min de reoclusão. A pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca e a temperatura foram controladas durante o experimento. A hidratação foi realizada com solução de Ringer lactato em infusão contínua intravenosa (3,0 mL.Kg-1.h-1), além de bolus após cada coleta. A função renal foi avaliada pela dosagem plasmática de NGAL, creatinina e ureia em três momentos: C1 (após estabilização), C2 (após 30 min de reperfusão completa) e C3 (após 24h). Dano tubular foi avaliado pela histologia renal. Foram utilizados os critérios de RIFLE e AKIN para avaliação evolutiva da creatinemia entre momentos. A creatinina e a ureia apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significativo nos grupos com pós-condicionamento isquêmico (GS e GC), mas não a NGAL (p = 0,08). Dano tubular significativo foi encontrado apenas nos... / Postconditioning against ischaemia-reperfusion injury has shown renoprotective effects, but there is still some controversy about protocols and its outcomes. The potencial application of subanesthetic S(+) ketamine continuous infusion as an antiinflammatory strategy, is not yet available in acute kidney injury, as well as the interaction with ischaemic postconditioning (IP). We tested the hypothesis that it attenuates tubular damage and improves renal function in IP in rats. Forty-one male Wistar rats (≥300g) were randomized into four groups: GS-sham; GK-subanesthetic S(+) ketamine; GP-posconditioning and GKP-subanesthetic S(+) ketamine and postconditioning. All animals were subjected to right nephrectomy but only in postconditioned rats 30-min left kidney arterial occlusion was performed, in which complete reperfusion were preceded by three cycles of 2 min of reperfusion followed by 2 min of reocclusion. Animals were studied for 24 h. Renal function was assessed by measurement of serum NGAL, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) at three moments: C1 (after stabilization), C2 (after 30-min complete reperfusion) and C3 (after 24h). Tubular damage was evaluated by renal histology. RIFLE and AKIN criteria were used to evaluate creatinine among moments. Creatinine and BUN significantly increased in IP groups as compared to rats in GS and GK, but not NGAL (P=0,08). Despite significant tubular damage found only in IP groups, there was no significant difference between IP and S(+) ketamine/IP. RIFLE and AKIN criteria showed identical functional lesions. S(+) ketamine infusion does not attenuate tubular damage or improve renal function. However, IP groups show identical results and postconditioning is unable to show a renoprotective effect in this model

There is a large body of clinical and experimental evidence linking heart disease with impairment of myocardial energetics, particularly the creatine kinase (CK) system. The goal of the experiments described in this thesis was to develop and study models of increased CK phosphotransfer, by overexpressing the CK isoenzymes and/or augmenting intracellular creatine stores. Pilot experiments were performed in cultured cells, which were used to (a) study the effects of CK overexpression in vitro, and (b) validate constructs prior to generation of transgenic mice. Expression was verified at the protein level for all constructs in HL-1 and HEK293 cells, and enzymatic activity was confirmed. Mitochondrial CK (CKmt) was expressed in the mitochondria, as expected, and CKmt overexpression was associated with a significant reduction in cell death in a model of ischemia/reperfusion injury (68.1 ± 7.1% of control, p≤0.05). Transgenic mice overexpressing CKmt in the heart were generated by a targeted approach, using PhiC31 integration at the ROSA26 locus. Transgene expression was confirmed in vitro in embryonic stem cells, and in vivo at the mRNA and protein levels. There was only a modest increase in CKmt activity; therefore, homozygous transgenic mice were generated to increase expression levels, and had 27% higher CKmt activity than wild-types (p≤0.01). Mitochondrial localization of CKmt was confirmed by electron microscopy. Citrate synthase activity, a marker of mitochondrial volume, was ~10% lower in transgenic mice (p≤0.05). Baseline phenotyping studies found that CKmt-overexpressing mice have normal cardiac structure and function. These mice are currently being backcrossed onto a pure C57BL/6 background for further studies in models of heart disease. In addition to CKmt, transgenic mice overexpressing the cytosolic CK isoenzymes, CK-M and CK-B, were generated. Due to the modest level of expression observed at ROSA26, random-integration transgenesis was used, and multiple lines were generated for each construct (carrying 2 or 6 transgene copies in the CK-M line; 2, 3, or ~30 in CK-B). Transgene expression was validated at the mRNA, protein, and activity levels. These lines are currently being expanded for further validation and phenotyping studies. Previous experiments in our group have demonstrated that increasing intracellular creatine (Cr) reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury, and a series of in vitro experiments was performed to determine whether this effect may be mediated by inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The mPTP plays a significant role in ischemia/reperfusion, and there is evidence linking the CK system to regulation of the mPTP. Therefore, a model was developed to test whether Cr affects mPTP opening in cardiac-derived HL-1 cells, as this mechanism may contribute to the protective effect observed in vivo. Cr incubation conditions were determined empirically, and 24-hour incubation with 5mM or 10mM Cr was found to significantly delay mPTP opening, to a similar degree to the established mPTP inhibitor, cyclosporin A. This provides evidence that Cr may exert protective effects in the heart by a variety of mechanisms, in addition to its traditional role in energy metabolism. In summary, the experiments conducted in this thesis have produced a range of tools for studying augmentation of the creatine kinase system as a therapeutic target in heart disease. The results of in vitro assays indicate that mitochondrial CK may be a particularly promising target, and that inhibition of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of creatine. Finally, the transgenic models generated and validated over the course of this project will allow for a wide range of future studies into the potential benefits of CK overexpression in the mammalian heart.

Orientador: José Jurandir Fagliari / Banca: José Dantas Ribeiro Filho / Banca: Anderson Farias / Banca: Delphim da Graça Macoris / Banca: Milton Passipiéri / Resumo: A síndrome abdômen agudo é uma das principais doenças dos eqüinos, colocando em risco a vida do paciente quando não se institui rapidamente um tratamento adequado. Com o incremento de informações sobre lesões isquêmicas difundiu-se o conceito de que a reperfusão nestes tecidos, apesar de essencial para prevenir a morte celular por anoxia, induz efeito paradoxal de agravamento das lesões pré-existentes, o que se denomina lesão de reperfusão. Os glicocorticóides representam uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento das lesões de reperfusão. No estudo proposto foram utilizados 15 eqüinos adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem alterações clínicas aparentes, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos de cinco animais, sob neuroleptoanalgesia e anestesia local, submetidos ou não à obstrução experimental do jejuno, mediante a colocação de um balão intraluminal, , para reproduzir a isquemia intestinal o quadro de abdômen agudo. Os eqüinos do grupo I foram submetidos a todas as manobras cirúrgicas aplicadas aos dos outros grupos, exceto a distensão do balão para provocar obstrução; os do grupo II foram submetidos à isquemia do jejuno durante 4 horas; e os grupo III foram submetidos à isquemia de 4 horas, seguida de tratamento com hidrocortisona uma hora antes da desobstrução. Para os exames laboratoriais, foram obtidas amostras de material biológico em quatro momentos: uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico e aplicação da neuroleptoanalgesia (M1), ao final da isquemia (M2) e uma hora (M3) e 18 horas (M4) após o início da reperfusão. Para a verificação de lesões à distância, as amostras de diversos órgãos foram colhidas na ocasião da necropsia ao término do experimento. / Abstract: The acute abdomen syndrome is a common equine's disease, which goes on risk the patient when a correct treatment is not established. The reperfusion in ischemical tissues, despite it is essential in preventing cell death by anoxia, leads a paradoxical effect in worsing the pre-existed lesions, was spread and its called reperfusion lesion. Glucocorticoids represents an alternative to treatment of reperfusion's lesions. In the proposed study, were used 15 adults horses, male or female, without clinical apparent changes, distributed ramdonly in three groups of five animals. These animals were submitted or not to jejuni experimental obstruction through intraluminal ballon, under tranquilization and local anesthesia to imitate acute abdomen. The group I was submitted to surgical procedures, except the distention of the balloon to induce obstruction; the group II was submitted to jejuni's ischemia for 4 hours and the group III was submitted to jejuni's ischemia for 4 hours followed by hydrocortisone treatment one hour before desobstruction. For laboratorial tests, samples of biological material were obtained in four moments: one hour before surgical procedure and practice of drugs (M1), in the end of ischemia (M2) and one hour (M3) and 18 hours (M4) after the beginning of reperfusion. To verify distant lesions, samples of many organs were collected in the necropsy at the end of experiment. / Doutor