Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 10 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Uppsala universitet, 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1975.

An important goal of single photon emission tomography (SPECT) is the determination of absolute regional radionuclide concentration as a function of time. Quantitative and qualitative studies of SPECT with regard to clinical application is the object of this work. Three basic approaches for image reconstruction and factors which affect the choice of a reconstruction algorithm have been reviewed, discussed and the reconstruction techniques, GRADY and CBP evaluated, based on computer modelling. A sophisticated package of computational subroutines, RECLBL, for image reconstruction and for generation of phantoms, which was fully implemented on PRIME was used throughout this study. Two different systems, a rotating gamma-camera and a prototype scanning-rig have been used to carry out tomography experiments with different phantoms in emission and transmission mode. Performance assessment and reproducibility of the gamma-camera was tested prior to the experimental work. SPECT studies are generally hampered for a number of reasons, the most severe being attenuation and scattering. The effect of scattered photons on image quality was discussed, three distinct techniques were utilised to correct the images and results were compared. Determination of the depth of the source, Am-241 and Tc-99m in the attenuating media, water and TEMEX by analysing the spectroscopic data base on the SPR and spatial resolution was studied, results revealed that both techniques had the same range of depth sensitivity. A method of simultaneous emission and transmission tomography was developed to correct the images for attenuation. The reproducibility of the technique was examined. Results showed that the technique is able to present a promising and a practical approach to more accurate quantitative SPECT imaging. A procedure to evaluate images, under certain conditions has been defined, its properties were evaluated using computer modelling as well as real data. Usefulness of the odd sampling technique to improve image quality has been investigated and is recommended.

The purpose of this study is not only to describe scintigraphy in parathyroid imaging and the results obtained but also to discuss the merits and limitations of the technique so that its role in today's climate of cost containment, may better be defined.

Poisoning is common and carries considerable morbidity and mortality. Two to three patients are admitted to the Emergency Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital every day with drug overdose. As absorption occurs in the small intestine the rates at which ingested poisons pass into and through the small bowel are important factors in determining the amount of poison potentially available for absorption. Although the effects of pharmacological doses of many drugs on gastric emptying and motility are known, information on the effects of higher doses is limited. I investigated patients who took overdoses of certain commonly used drugs to determine their effects on gastric emptying and motility and small intestinal transit. The study was divided into two parts. One hundred and four patients were studied in Part 1. These patients took overdoses of tricyclic antidepressants (n = 31), carbamazepine (n = 15), phenytoin (n = 12), paracetamol (n = 29) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 17). They received standard hospital management of which sorbitol was not a part. Part 2 consisted of sixty-one patients who had sorbitol added to their treatment. These patients had taken overdoses of the tricyclic antidepressants (n = 15), carbamazepine (n = 7), phenytoin (n = 8), paracetamol (n = 13) and opioid-paracetamol mixtures (n = 18). The effects of sorbitol on gastric emptying and small intestinal transit were evaluated. A third study-the paracetamol control test was done on 5 healthy volunteers. Each subject was studied twice; the first time after taking 1 G of paracetamol and the second time after no drug ingestion.