Orientador: Mario Jefferson Quirino Lousada / Banca: José Carlos Silva Camargo Filho / Banca: Roberto Carvalhal / Resumo: Várias são as doenças causadoras de sintomas degenerativos devido a traumas de nervos peroféricos que podem levar a atrofia muscular. Doenças parasitárias como a Tripanossomíase, doenças virais altamente contagiosas como a cinomose, além de traumatismos - como quedas, atropelamentos, entre outros - que causam distúrbios nos nervos por compressão, esmagamento ou até mesmo ruptura total acarretam em atrofia, afetando tanto fibras musculares lentas quanto rápidas, resultando na diminuição do diâmetro destas fibras e da força muscular. Quando ocorre lesão dos motoneurônios espinhais ou dos nervos motores, haverá perda rápida de massa muscular. As principais características das alterações no sistema musculoesquelético dizem respeito à diminuição da massa muscular e óssea, pois há grande associação entre essas forças e evidências significativas de que um ambiente destituído de estímulo mecânico produza efeitos diretos em suas estruturas e funções. As relações existentes entre atividade de modelamento do osso e ação bombeadora dos músculos pode ser calculada a partir de experimentos com denervação e desvascularização. Em contrapartida à atrofia muscular, a eletroterapia e hidroterapia são métodos fisioterápicos de eficiência comprovada. Este estudo tem como hipótese que a denervação causa atrofia muscular, e que a eletroterapia e a hidroterapia podem restaurar os danos causados por esta denervação. Assim, é objetivo deste estudo testar estas hipóteses pela histomorfometria dos músculos extensor digital longo e flexor digital superficial e biomecanicamente as tíbias correspondentes. Foram utilizados 40 ratos Wistar (Rattus novergicus albinus), dividido em: GC - controle; GD - submetido a denervação; GH - submetido a denervação e hidroterapia; GHE - submetido a denervação, hidroterapia seguida de eletroterapia e GE... (para acesso ao resumo completo acessar link abaixo) / Abstract: There are several degenerative diseases causing symptoms due to nerve trauma peripherals that can lead to muscle atrophy. Parasitic diseases such as trypanosomiasis, highly contagious viral diseases such as distemper, and trauma - such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, among others - that cause nerve compression disorders, crushing or even cause total breakdown in atrophy, affecting both slow muscle fibers as rapid, resulting in decreased diameter of these fibers and muscle strength. When injury occurs spinal motoneurons or motor nerves will be rapid loss of muscle mass. The main features of the changes in the musculoskeletal system relate to decreased muscle and bone mass, as there are strong association between these forces and significant evidence that an environment devoid of mechanical stimulus produces direct effects on their structures and functions. The relationship between activity modeling of bone and muscle pumping action can be calculated from experiments with denervation and devascularization. In contrast to muscle atrophy, electrotherapy and hydrotherapy are proven methods of physiotherapy. This study is hypothesis that denervation causes muscle atrophy, and electrotherapy and hydrotherapy can restore the damage caused by this denervation. Thus, aim of this study is to test these hypotheses by histomorphometry of the long digital extensor muscles and superficial digital flexor tibia and biomechanically relevant. Were utilized of 40 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Albinus), divided into: GC - control; GD - subjected to denervation; GH - subjected to denervation and hydrotherapy; GHE - subjected to denervation, electrotherapy and followed by hydrotherapy, GE... / Mestre

Resumo: O teste de carcinogênese experimental em língua de rato Wistar que utiliza a 4- nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) como agente cancerígeno, é um excelente modelo para se estudar o carcinoma espinocelular em todas as suas fases, além das lesões pré-neoplásicas e neoplásicas induzidas serem semelhantes àquelas da cavidade bucal de seres humanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel da proteína p53 e de mutações no gene supressor tumoral TP53 exons 5 a 8 durante a carcinogênese induzida pela 4NQO em língua de rato Wistar. Para isso, 30 animais foram tratados com o cancerígeno na concentração de 50 ppm, por via oral (água de beber), e sacrificados 4, 12 ou 20 semanas após o tratamento. Dez animais foram utilizados como controle negativo. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05) com a aumento na expressão da proteína p53 nos grupos de animais sacrificados 12 e 20 semanas após a exposição ao cancerígeno, que também apresentaram lesões pré-neoplásicas e carcinomas espinocelulares, respectivamente. Fraca expressão da proteína p53 foi encontrada nos grupos controle e de 4 semanas de exposição ao carcinógeno. O sequenciamento genético dos exons 5 a 8 do gene TP53 não indicou a presença de mutações. Concluindo, a expressão anômala da proteína p53 nas fases intermediária e final da carcinogênese bucal não pode ser relacionada à presença de mutações nos exons 5 a 8 do respectivo gene. / Abstract: The medium-term tongue carcinogenesis assay is a useful model for studying oral squamous cell carcinomas phase by phase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expressivity of p53, as well as mutations in exons 5-8 of TP53 gene during rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) using immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing, respectively. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were treated with 4- nitroquinoline 1-oxide in drinking water for 4, 12, and 20 weeks.Ten animals were used as negative control. Statistically differences (p<0.05) were found in p53 expression 12 and 20 weeks after treatment,i.e., pre-neoplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas, respectively. A weak immunoexpression was observed in the negative control and in 'normal' oral mucosa following 4 weeks after exposure to 4NQO. Regarding DNA sequencing, no mutation was found in all of the exons evaluated at all experimental periods. Taken together, our results suggest that abnormal p53 expression was present in pre-neoplastic lesions and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. However, no mutations were detected during oral cancer progression. / Orientador: Jair Cortez Montovani / Coorientador: Daisy Maria Fávero Salvatori / Coorientador: Daniel Araki Ribeiro / Banca: Maria Regina Sposto / Banca: José Vicente Tagliarini / Banca: José Humberto Damante / Banca: Magaly Machado Sales / Doutor

Orientador: Débora Cristina Damasceno / Coorientador: Yuri Karen Sinzato / Coorientador: José Roberto Bosqueiro / Banca: Patricia Aline Boer / Banca: Kleber Eduardo de Campos / Resumo: Não disponível / Abstract: We hypothesized that not only insulin is relevant for embryofetal development and diabetes-derived alterations as well the glucoregulatory hormones glucagon and somatostatin. To investigate this possibility in rat pregnancy and in their offspring, we have compared glycemia, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin in late pregnancy and postnatal period to associate with maternal reproductive outcomes of diabetic rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into: Non diabetic (C); Mild diabetes (MD); and Severe diabetes (SD). Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. The female rats were mated and two experiments to evaluate pancreatic hormone were conducted: death of dams and their respective fetuses at day 21 of pregnancy and at day 10 postpartum (newborn assessment). The SD and MD rats presented impaired reproductive performance. In general, the rats presenting severe diabetes and their offspring showed metabolic desarrangement confirmed by reduced body weight and alterations in the pancreatic hormone levels. In the presence of mild diabetes, the offspring presented similar metabolic response to those of their dams against maternal hyperglycemic insult. The diabetes decreased embryofetal competence and caused alterations in the glucoregulatory hormones (glucagon and somatostatin), which showed that somatostatin might be the hormone more susceptible to these changes. This study demonstrates the importance in studying glucagon and somatostatin more profoundly, because of these hormones could be predictor factors of the adverse results in the adult life / Mestre

Orientadora: Telma Gonçalves Carneiro Spera de Andrade / Banca: Roger Luis Henschel Pobbe / Banca: Maria Adrielle Vicente / Resumo: Foram identificados re ceptores de estrógeno em neurônios localizados no Núcleo Mediano da Rafe (NMR). Tem sido apresentado que este esteróide no NMR é hábil para potencializar a ação da serotonina sobre receptores 5 - HT 1A , inibindo a atividade de neurônios serotonérgicos e causa ndo ansiólise. Com o objetivo de avaliar a interação entre a ação estrogênica e a via serotonérgica que se origina no NMR sobre a aquisição da informação aversiva, ratas Wistar foram ovariectomizadas e posteriormente receberam microinjeção direta de Benzoa to de Estradiol (BE) (1200ng) diretamente no NMR, precedida pela microinjeção de salina ou de WAY 100.635 (100ng), um antagonista de receptores 5 - HT 1A . Imediatamente após as duas microinjeções, as ratas ovariectomizadas foram submetidas a sessões de choque s elétricos nas patas, na caixa de Skinner. Vinte e Quatro horas depois, foram expostas ao mesmo contexto por 5 minutos para avaliação comportamental: congelamentos, levantamentos, deslocamentos, auto - limpeza e respostas autonômicas (bolos fecais e elimina ção urinária). A microinjeção de BE previamente à exposição aos estímulos aversivos, (choques elétricos nas patas) não alterou o comportamento na sessão de condicionamento, mas neutralizou a associação entre a experiência aversiva ao contexto: houve um dec réscimo na expressão do congelamento e aumento da atividade motora na sessão teste. Este efeito foi revertido pela microinjeção prévia de WAY 100.635. Em conclusão, o BE agiu sobre neurônios serotonérgicos em ratas ovariectomizadas, prejudicando a associaç ão da experiência aversiva ao contexto, por co - modular a funcionalidade de receptores... / Abstract: Estrogen receptors were identified in neurons originated in the Median Raphe Nucleus (MRN). It is presented that estrogen, in this structure, is able to potentiate the action of serotonin on somatodendritic 5 - HT 1A receptors, inhibiting the function of serotonergic neurons and causing anxiolysis. This study was performed to evaluate interaction between estrogen action and the serotonergic pathway that originates in the MRN on the acquisition o f aversive information. Female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and received direct microinjection of Estradiol Benzoate (EB) (1200ng) into the MRN, preceded by microinjection of saline or WAY 100.635 (100ng), a 5 - HT 1A receptor antagonist. Immediately after the two microinjections, the ovariectomized rats were submitted to a foot shock session in the Skinner box. Twenty four hours later, they were exposed to the same context for 5 minutes for behavioural assessment: freezing, rearing, displacement, grooming and autonomic responses (faecal boluses and micturition). The EB microinjection in the MRN prior to the exposure of animals to the aversive event (foot shock) did not alter their behaviour in the aversive conditioning session, but neutralized the associati on of the aversive experience with the context: there was a decrease in the expression of freezing and increased motor activity in the test session. This effect was reversed by previous microinjection of WAY 100.635. In conclusion, the EB acted on serotone rgic neurons in the MRN of ovariectomized rats, impairing the association of the aversive experience to the context, by co - modulating the functionality of somatodendritic... / Mestre

Orientadora: Isabel Cristina Cherici Camargo / Banca: Luiz Gustavo de Almeida Chuffa / Banca: Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva / Resumo: A utilização de extratos de Cordia ecalyculata está crescendo devido ao seu potencial em inibir o apetite. Seus efeitos colaterais na reprodução são desconhecidos. Então, o estudo avaliou o potencial tóxico reprodutivo de diferentes doses do extrato de C. ecalyculata e m ratos adultos. Os animais (n= 12 /grupo) receberam água destilada (grupo Controle) ou o extrato hidroetanólico de C. ecalyculata em diferentes concentrações de 1,5 ml (20, 100 e 400 mg/kg de peso corpóreo). Os tratamentos foram administrados por via oral (gavage), única dose/dia, durante 60 dias consecutivos. Ao final do tratamento, a massa corpórea dos animais que receberam o extrato foi similar ao grupo controle, demonstrando a ineficácia do fitoterápico na redução do peso corporal. O peso dos testículos, vesícul as seminais e próstata nã o foi afetados pelos tratamentos (p>0 ,05), mas houve aumento significativo no peso dos epidídimos na dose de 400 mg/kg do extrato. Em todas as doses, os testículos e epidídimos apresentaram alterações histopatológicas, houve aumento significativo no percen tual de gametas anormais na cauda do epidídimo e a taxa de fertilidade dos animais foi reduzida (p<0,05) . Concluiu - se que o extrato de Cordia ecalyculata promoveu toxicidade reprodutiva, porém com ausência de efeito dose - dependente / Abstract: The use of extracts from Cordia ecalyculata is growing due to their potential to inhibit appetite. Its side effects on reproduction are unknown. Then , the study evaluated the reproductive toxic potential of different doses of the extract of C. ecalyculata in adult rats. The animals (n = 12/group) received distilled water (control group) and the hydroethano lic extract of C. ecalyculata in different doses (20, 100 and 400 mg / kg body weight). Treatments were administered orally (gavage), single dose/day for 60 consecutive days. At the end of treatment, the body weight of the animals that received the extract was similar to the control group, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of this herbal medicine in reducing body weight. The weight of the testes, seminal glands and prostate were no affected by treatments (p>0.05), but increased there was (p < 0.05) on the epididymis weight at a dose of 400 mg / kg of the extract. At all doses, the testes and epididymides showed histopathological changes, increased (p <0.05) the percentage of abnormal gametes in the epididymal tail and fertility of anim als was reduced (p<0.0 5). In conclusion that the extract of Cordia ecalyculata promoted re productive toxicity, but without dose - dependent effect / Mestre

Orientador: André Sampaio Pupo / Banca: Ana Maria de Oliveira / Banca: Maria Christina Werneck de Avellar / Resumo: O epidídimo é um órgão formado por um longo túbulo enovelado composto por 3 regiões anatômicas distintas: a cabeça, o corpo e a cauda. A cabeça e o corpo do epidídimo têm papel na maturação dos espermatozóides, enquanto que a cauda do epidídimo armazena e mantém os espermatozoides em estado de quiescência até o momento da ejaculação. A cauda do epidídimo é a região que apresenta a camada muscular mais espessa de todo epidídimo, estando sobre o controle principal do sistema nervoso simpático. Durante o processo de emissão seminal, as varicosidades nervosas simpáticas liberam noradrenalina causando a contração da cauda do epidídimo e do ducto deferente para que o esperma seja propelido em direção à uretra. Apesar de estudos demonstrarem a presença e a importância dos adrenoceptores α1 na contração da cauda do epidídimo de rato, os subtipos de adrenoceptores α1 envolvidos ainda não foram identificados. Assim, a presente dissertação investigou a expressão dos três subtipos de adrenoceptores α1 na cauda proximal e distal do epidídimo de rato e caracterizou farmacologicamente os subtipos de adrenoceptores α1 envolvidos na contração da musculatura lisa. Apesar das porções proximais e distais da cauda do epidídimo de rato expressarem mRNA codificando todos os três subtipos de adrenoceptores α1, experimentos com radioligante revelaram a presença apenas dos adrenoceptores α1A e α1D, enquanto que o adrenoceptor envolvido nas contrações destes tecidos em resposta à noradrenalina é o α1A. A cauda do epidídimo pode ser um modelo interessante para a caracterização farmacologia de novas drogas com ação em adrenoceptores α1 e no estudo dos efeitos de drogas sobre o sistema reprodutivo masculino / Abstract: The epididymis is an organ composed by a single convoluted tubule subdivided into three distinct anatomical regions: caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. Caput and corpus epididymis have a role in sperm maturation, while cauda epididymis store and maintain the sperm in a quiescent state prior the ejaculation. The cauda epididymis has a thicker smooth muscle layer than the others regions and is under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. During the emission phase of ejaculation, noradrenaline released from sympathetic nerve varicosities induces smooth muscle contraction in the cauda epididymis and vas deferens to propel the sperm towards the prostatic urethra. Despite some studies reporting the expression and involvement of α1-adrenoceptors in the contraction of cauda epididymis, the α1- adrenoceptors subtypes-mediated contraction are unknown. Thus, the present study investigated the expression of the α1-adrenoceptors subtypes in proximal and distal rat cauda epididymis using RT-qPCR, radioligand binding and functional (contraction) assays. The results indicate the expression of mRNA encoding all three α1-adrenoceptors in the rat cauda epididymis, but radioligand binding studies reveal the presence of only α1A and α1D-adrenoceptors. In addition, only the α1Aadrenoceptor subtype mediates the contractions of both regions in response to noradrenaline. The cauda epididymis may serve as good model for the pharmacological characterization of drugs acting at α1-adrenoceptors and for the study of the effects of drugs in the male reproductive system / Mestre

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-09-17T21:10:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes (clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-10-27T15:25:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-27T15:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O ritmo teta consiste em uma oscila??o eletrofisiol?gica hipocampal presente em v?rias esp?cies de mam?feros (4-12 Hz, com varia??es entre esp?cies). Essa oscila??o est? presente durante a vig?lia ativa de ratos e tamb?m ? predominante no PCL desta esp?cie durante o sono de movimento r?pido dos olhos (sono REM). V?rios trabalhos demonstraram que o ritmo teta ? importante em tarefas cognitivas. O septo medial ? uma regi?o importante na gera??o do ritmo teta hipocampal. Possui proje??es colin?rgicas, GABA?rgicas e glutamat?rgicas para o hipocampo, que por sua vez, possui proje??es de feedback para o septo. Al?m do septo, outras regi?es est?o envolvidas na regula??o do teta, formando uma rede complexa de intera??o e coordena??o entre ?reas que resultam no ritmo. A optogen?tica ? uma ferramenta desenvolvida recentemente que tem sido amplamente utilizada em pesquisas de diversas ?reas. Ela nos permite manipular a atividade el?trica de neur?nios atrav?s de estimula??o luminosa. A t?cnica consiste em, atrav?s de um vetor viral, induzir a express?o neuronal de canais i?nicos associados a opsinas (ex.: ChR2), que uma vez infectados passam a ser sens?veis a luz de determinado comprimento de onda. O presente trabalho de pesquisa de mestrado teve como objetivo implantar a optogen?tica em animais em livre comportamento pioneiramente no Brasil, atrav?s de experimentos com implantes cr?nicos de eletrodos e fibras ?ptica em animais infectados com vetor viral para express?o de ChR2. Foram realizadas cirurgias de inje??es de v?rus no septo medial; resultados histol?gicos confirmaram a express?o de ChR2 atrav?s da marca??o da prote?na rep?rter eYFP no septo e tamb?m em processos hipocampais. Al?m disso, foram realizados experimentos agudos com estimula??o luminosa do septo medial e registro de potenciais de campo local (PCL) no pr?prio septo e hipocampo em animais anestesiados. Ainda nesses experimentos foi poss?vel registrar potenciais de a??o no septo. Nesses experimentos observamos aumento da taxa de disparo dos neur?nios septais durante estimula??o luminosa (n=300 est?mulos). Al?m disso, encontramos uma resposta evocada no PCL do hipocampo no in?cio do pulso luminoso. Tamb?m foram realizados experimentos cr?nicos com estimula??o luminosa do septo medial e registro de PCL do hipocampo em animais em livre comportamento. Atrav?s de an?lise do PCL, verificamos se a estimula??o luminosa do septo ? capaz de induzir ritmo teta no hipocampo. / Theta rhythm consists of an electrophysiological hippocampal oscillation present in mammalian species (4-12 Hz with variations across species). This oscillation is present during active waking and is also prevalent in local field potentials (LFP) during rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Several studies have shown that theta rhythm is important in cognitive tasks and that the medial septum is a key region for its occurrence. The septum sends cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic projections to the hippocampus, which in turn projects axons to the septum. Besides the septum, other regions are involved in regulating theta rhythm, forming a complex network of interactions among brain areas that result in theta rhythm. Optogenetics is a recently developed method that has been widely used in various research areas. It allows us to manipulate the electrical activity of neurons through light stimulation. One of the existing techniques consists in using a viral vector to induce the neuronal expression of ion channels associated with the light-sensitive molecule rhodopsin (e.g. ChR2). Once infected, the neurons become sensitive to light of a particular wavelength. The present M. Sc. research aimed to perform luminous stimulation of the brain in anesthetized and freely behaving animals using chronically implanted electrodes and optical fibers in animals infected with a viral vector for ChR2 expression. Surgical viral injections were performed in the medial septum; histological results confirmed the expression of ChR2 by way of the presence of the eYFP reporter protein in the septum and also in hippocampal processes. Moreover, we performed acute experiments with luminous stimulation of the medial septum and LFP recordings of the septum and hippocampus of anesthetized animals. Action potentials were recorded in the septum. In these experiments we observed a significant increase in the firing rates of septal neurons during luminous stimulation (n = 300 trials). Furthermore, we found an early light-evoked response in the hippocampal LFP. Chronic experiments with luminous stimulation of the medial septum and hippocampus in freely behaving animals were also performed in combination with LFP recordings. We found that the luminous stimulation of the septum is able to induce theta rhythm in the hippocampus. Together, the results demonstrate that the luminous stimulation of the medial septum in optogenetically-modified animals causes relevant electrophysiological changes in the septum and the hippocampus.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 iessi_il_me_botfm.pdf: 136723 bytes, checksum: bffcbff6e001d5fa891597599b87d63e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / We hypothesized that not only insulin is relevant for embryofetal development and diabetes-derived alterations as well the glucoregulatory hormones glucagon and somatostatin. To investigate this possibility in rat pregnancy and in their offspring, we have compared glycemia, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin in late pregnancy and postnatal period to associate with maternal reproductive outcomes of diabetic rats. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into: Non diabetic (C); Mild diabetes (MD); and Severe diabetes (SD). Diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin. The female rats were mated and two experiments to evaluate pancreatic hormone were conducted: death of dams and their respective fetuses at day 21 of pregnancy and at day 10 postpartum (newborn assessment). The SD and MD rats presented impaired reproductive performance. In general, the rats presenting severe diabetes and their offspring showed metabolic desarrangement confirmed by reduced body weight and alterations in the pancreatic hormone levels. In the presence of mild diabetes, the offspring presented similar metabolic response to those of their dams against maternal hyperglycemic insult. The diabetes decreased embryofetal competence and caused alterations in the glucoregulatory hormones (glucagon and somatostatin), which showed that somatostatin might be the hormone more susceptible to these changes. This study demonstrates the importance in studying glucagon and somatostatin more profoundly, because of these hormones could be predictor factors of the adverse results in the adult life

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000743692.pdf: 598037 bytes, checksum: 53e343e38220534224cd79b5dba70a0f (MD5) / Physical inactivity is a public health problem and one of the greatest evils of modern society. Biggest part of the sedentary population practice physical activity sporadically. It is well established that the excess of physical exercise in or non-conditioned people causes oxidative stress and muscle damage. The present study tested the hypothesis that a single session of physical exercise can cause oxidative stress and muscle damage in sedentary rats. Additively, the antioxidant effect of the polyphenol resveratrol (RV) was evaluated, and its ability to attenuate oxidative stress and muscle damage caused by physical activity. For this, 40 sedentary adults rats (Rattus norvegicus Albinus, Wistar) were randomly subjected or not to 90 minutes of swimming, with and without treatment with RV (100mg/kg/14days): N-RV- (n=10) group maintained at rest and not treated with RV, N-RV+ (n=10) group maintained at rest and treated with RV, N+RV- (n=10) group subjected to physical exercise of swimming not treated with RV and N+RV+ (n=10) group submitted to physical exercise of swimming and treated with RV. In sedentary rats, physical activity of swimming promoted oxidative stress (observed by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased total antioxidant capacity of plasma) and significant increase in plasma activity of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The RV treatment decreased lipid peroxidation and activity of the markers of muscle injury (CK and LDH) in sedentary rats submitted to swimming. This is one of the first evidence that a single session of physical exercise can cause oxidative stress in sedentary individuals and that the RV can be an alternative to alleviate muscle injury caused by this stress

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000742559.pdf: 13014017 bytes, checksum: a5241c31641f3c43bf9641a5f7f9217f (MD5) / O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto no corpo cavernoso causado pela lesão isolada do nervo e artéria cavernosa, assim como determinar o efeito da tadalafila (IPDE-5) na remodelação tecidual, utilizando um modelo experimental de ratos. 50 ratos machos, da raça Whistar, pesando entre 250 e 350 gramas, foram aleatoriamente divididos, de forma randomizada em cinco grupos. Grupo 1 (G1): controle cirúrgico - CCir (n=10), submetidos apenas a exposição do feixe vásculo nervoso peri prostático. Grupo 2 (G2): Lesão Nervosa Isolada - LNI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente. Grupo 3 (G3): Lesão Vascular Isolada - LVI (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente. Grupo 4 (G4): Lesão Nervosa Isolada + Tadalafila - LNI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão do nervo cavernoso bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. Grupo 5 (G5): Lesão Vascular Isolada + Tadalafila - LVI+T (n=10), os animais foram submetidos a lesão seletiva da artéria cavernosa bilateralmente e receberam tadalafila na dose de 5mg/Kg/dia. A tadalafila foi administrada pelo período de 45 dias, quando os animais foram sacrificados e o corpo cavernoso foi removido em bloco para análise histomorfométrica. A organização e composição microestrutural do corpo cavernoso foram avaliadas por histomorfometria, imunohostoquímica e métodos bioquímicos. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de comparações múltiplas de Bonferroni. Entre os grupos avaliados não houve diferença entra as áreas de secção peniana, demonstrando homogeneidade entre os mesmos. O volume de músculo liso diminuiu significativamente no grupo com lesão neural (G2), quando comparado ao controle (12,87±1,90 vs 21,78±1,81 p< 0,05), o que não ocorreu no grupo com lesão neural tratado com... / This study aims to evaluate the impact on the corpus cavernosum caused by isolated injury of the cavernous nerve and artery, as well as determine the effect of tadalafil (IPDE-5) on tissue remodeling, using a rat experimental model. Fifty (50) male Whistar rats, weighing between 250 and 350 grams, were divided randomly into five groups. Group 1 (G1): surgical control - SCon (n=10) having undergone only exposure of the periprostatic neurovascular bundle. Group 2 (G2): Isolated Nerve Lesion - INL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally. Group 3 (G3): Isolated Vascular Lesion - IVL (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally. Group 4 (G4): Isolated Nerve Lesion + Tadalafil - INL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to cavernous nerve injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. Group 5 (G5): Isolated Vascular Lesion + Tadalafil - IVL+T (n=10), the animals were subjected to selective cavernous artery injury, bilaterally, and received tadalafil in a dosage of 5mg/kg/day. The tadalafil was administered for a 45 day period, then the animals were sacrificed and the corpus cavernosum was removed en bloc for histomorphometric analysis. The organization and microstructural composition of the corpus cavernosum were assessed through histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry, and biochemical methods. Statistical analysis was performed using the Bonferroni multiple comparisons test. RESULTS: Among the groups evaluated, there was no difference between the penile section areas, demonstrating their consistency. The volume of smooth muscle decreased significantly in the group with nerve injury (G2) when compared with the control (12.87±1.90 vs 21.78±1.81 p<0.05), which did not occur in the group with nerve injury treated with tadalafil (G4). Sinusoidal space volume decreased both in the group with vascular injury ...