The title of this thesis is Situation of Municipalities with Extended Competence in Planning and Implementing Regulatory Measures. The objective was to determine whether and how the municipalities with extended competence in the South Bohemian and Vysočina regions are ready to execute regulatory measures and if the level of regulatory measures corresponds with the needs of citizens to whom the measures are applied. In the theoretical section of this thesis, the municipality with extended competence with its authorities is defined. The regulatory measures, their preparation and implementation are introduced. In the research section two hypotheses were stated. The first was focused on quality and adequate training of the staff of municipalities with extended competence so that to minimize the risks associated with inadequate planning and implementation of regulatory measures. The research has proved that from the perspective of municipalities with extended competence there are considerable uncertainties in the interpretation of the practical implementation of regulatory measures by administrative authorities. Significant differences were found in the documentation focused on regulatory measures. The second hypothesis was focused on shortcomings after the implementation of regulatory measures among the population of the South Bohemian and Vysočina regions, in the sense that it negatively affects the tolerance limits. It has been found that most respondents would tolerate the regulatory measures, but according to the response, the readiness of crisis management workers has been rather inadequate. In this thesis, the method of quantitative research was chosen. The technique of data collection was anonymous questionnaires made up for 32 municipalities with extended competence and 100 residents in the South Bohemian and Vysočina regions and for 50 residents of the South Bohemian region. In municipalities with extended competence all 32 municipaties were addressed, but only 24 questionnaires were returned. In the residents all 100 respondents were addressed the return rate of questionnaires was 100%. The results are shown in graphs and as percentages.

Main goal of the dissertation is pointing out the different aspects of biofuels market, focus on forms of regulation, their use and analysis of their pros and cons.

The regulatory measures - the degree of economic action to solve the economic recession. In this thesis the author presents the basic view of the regulatory system of the measures as a degree of economic action to deal with the economic recession. The introductory part of the thesis is addressed to become familiar with the current state of the issue of the control measures, the types of regulatory measures and their application when there is an emergency situation. There is also an outline of the use of control measures in this area of activity. The thesis further contains an analysis of available documentation of regulatory measures for economic recession situation and the authentication of the hypothesis whether municipalities with extended authority in the Czech Republic have sufficiently prepared documentation dealing with the regulatory measures for these type of situations. As a part of this thesis, a research was conducted through questionnaires. The research was focused on the level of processed documentation of municipalities with extended authority in the Czech Republic and the readiness of these communities in an economical critical situation. Based on the evaluation of these questionnaires the hypothesis was confirmed. The author has pointed out the inconsistencies (disunity) in the quality of processed documentation of municipalities with extended authority and a lack of uniformity among the financial management personnel to deal with an economic crisis. As a result of this thesis training aids and materials for the decision making and management to solve an economic crisis and on the use of specific regulatory measures have been prepared.

In his diploma work the author provided the basic picture of the system of economic measures for states of crisis and the role of municipalities with extended competence and municipalities allocated in that area. At the same time he described the competence of the Administration of state material reserves in the area of economic measures for states of crisis. A hypothesis has been set up that the municipalities with extended competence or municipalities allocated, dispose of documentation concerning the economic measures for states of crisis. As a part of the work there was a research, carried out by means of questionnaires. The research focused at the level of the processed documentation in the area of economic measures for states of crisis. The questionnaires were sent per electronic mail to the crisis management of municipalities with extended competence within the total Czech Republic. Based on their assessment the set up hypothesis has been confirmed. The author however pointed to the quality of that documentation, which has not been dealt with uniformly. The individual municipalities prepare it independently. At the same time the author stressed the disunity in the working ranks of the crisis management. He proposed changes in the area of regulatory measures in the system of economic measures for states of crisis and in the personnel area of the crisis management. An ancillary tool has been prepared, how to keep and handle the documentation in the area of regulatory measures in the system of economic measures for states of crisis, intended for mayors of municipalities with extended competence or municipalities allocated in the area of economic measures for states of crisis. The planned target of the work has been accomplished.

Background: The last decades there has been a significant increase in tenant-owned real estate prices in Sweden, which has increased the risk exposure to price fluctuations in the society. Most studies have examined how the determining factors have affected the price development. Few studies have on the contrary examined how regulatory measures and quantitative easing have affected real estate prices and whether there is a conflict of objectives between market operations. Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to analyze which macroeconomic factors affect the average price per square meter for Sweden’s real estate market between 2000-2020. We will analyze whether the central bank of Sweden’s new monetary policy quantitative easing has affected the price per square meter for Sweden’s real estate market. We also investigating whether there is a conflict of objectives between quantitative easing and implemented regulatory measures on real estate prices. Completion: An econometric panel data study has been constructed to be able to analyze the impact of explanatory variables over time. The choice if explanatory variables has been made o the basis of theoretical conjunction based on several theories and previous research. The model has been adjusted for risks that may arise from a combination between panel data and time series analysis.  Conclusions: The result indicate that debt to equity ratio, disposable income, loan to value ratio, amortization, construction, quantitative easing and the policy rate have affected the average price per square meter for Sweden’s real estate market between 2000-2020. The regulatory measures have a negative effect on real estate prices, apart from the variable capital requirement which is non-significant in the model. Quantitative easing based the result presents a positive effect on real estate prices. Therefore, we argue that there occurs a conflict of objectives between the mentioned effects, expansionary monetary policy and regulatory measures. Keywords: Real estate prices, Expansionary monetary policy, Regulatory measures, Quantitative easing, Debt to equity ratio. / Bakgrund: De senaste decennierna har det skett en betydande ökning av bostadspriserna i Sverige, vilket ökat riskexponeringen för prisfluktuationer i samhället. Flertalet studier har undersökt hur bestämmandefaktorer har påverkat prisutvecklingen. Få studier har däremot undersökt hur regulatoriska åtgärder och kvantitativa lättnader påverkat bostadspriset samt om det föreligger en målkonflikt mellan marknadsoperationerna. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att analysera vilka makroekonomiska faktorer som påverkat det genomsnittliga kvadratmeterpriset för bostadsrätter på Sveriges bostadsmarknad mellan åren 2000–2020. Vi har analyserat om Riksbankens nya penningpolitiska styrmedel kvantitativa lättnader har påverkat kvadratmeterpriset för bostadsrätter. Vi har även undersökt om det föreligger en målkonflikt mellan kvantitativa lättnader och implementerade regulatoriska åtgärder på bostadspriset.   Metod: En ekonometrisk panel data studie har konstruerats för att kunna analysera flertalet förklaringsvariablers påverkan på beroendevariabeln över tid. Valet av förklaringsvariabler har gjorts utifrån teoretiskt samband baserat på flertalet teorier och tidigare forskning. Modellen har justerats för risker som kan uppstå vid kombination av paneldata och tidsserieanalys.  Slutsats: Resultatet indikerar att skuldsättning, disponibel inkomst, bolånetak, amortering, nybyggnation, kvantitativa lättnader och reporäntan påverkat det genomsnittliga kvadratmeterpriset på bostadsrätter i Sverige mellan åren 2000–2020. De regulatoriska åtgärderna har en negativ effekt på bostadspriset, bortsett från variabeln kapitalkrav som är i modellen icke-signifikant. Kvantitativa lättnader utifrån resultatet påvisar en positiv effekt på bostadspriser. Vi kan därför konstatera att det råder en målkonflikt mellan ovan nämnda effekter, expansiv penningpolitik och regulatoriska åtgärder.

Práce srovnává, jak vlády vybraných Evropských zemí stimulují občany a podniky k tomu, aby stavěli energeticky úsporně se zaměřením na ekonomickou stránku věci. Práce srovnává poznatky, sjednocuje je a vyvozuje patřičné závěry.