Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude des relations structure/procédés de mise en forme/propriétés finales de matériaux polymères à base de PLA/PBAT. Ces derniers sont destinés à l’emballage alimentaire en vue de remplacer le polyéthylène téréphtalate (PET). Cependant le PLA a certaines limites de processabilité par les technologies de la plasturgie. Le renforcement de ses propriétés à l’état fondu a été obtenu grâce à l’introduction d’un époxyde multifonctionnel capable de réagir avec les bouts de chaînes des polyesters. Aussi, des mélanges à base de PLA/PBAT ont été mis en œuvre en vue de conférer la ductilité au matériau final. La première étape consiste en la compréhension des mécanismes de dégradation thermique et hydrolytique des deux polymères PLA et PBAT au cours des processus de mise en œuvre. En effet, la réaction d’extension des chaînes couplée au branchement induits par l’époxyde multifonctionnel palie cette dégradation. Les mécanismes d’extension de chaînes et de branchements sous-jacents ont été mis en évidence par l’analyse des énergies d’activation, des spectres de relaxation à l’état fondu ainsi que celle des grandeurs physico-chimiques en solution. En outre, les représentations de Van-Gurp-Palmen confirment la co-existence de chaînes macromoléculaires linéaires et aléatoirement branchées. La seconde étape de ce travail a été dédiée à la compatibilisation des mélanges PLA/PBAT par ce même époxyde multifonctionnel. Des études expérimentales modèles basées sur la détermination de la tension interfaciale et la modélisation rhéologique ont montré le rôle majeur de compatibilisant induit par cet agent réactif. Ainsi, la diminution de la tension interfaciale confère à ces matériaux une meilleure cohésion interfaciale et une morphologie fine et homogène de la phase dispersée, accompagnée par l’amélioration des propriétés mécaniques. L’étude des propriétés rhéologiques en cisaillement et en élongation des matériaux modifiés a permis de montrer une meilleure tenue mécanique à l’état fondu. Ainsi, une meilleure aptitude à l’extrusion gonflage a été démontrée en élargissant leurs cartes de stabilité. Parallèlement à ces travaux, des études de bi-étirage des polymères seuls, de leurs homologues modifiés et de leurs mélanges montrent un durcissement structural, dû à la cristallisation induite sous déformation. Les morphologies cristallines ont été analysées finement par des méthodes calorimétriques et spectroscopiques. Enfin, ces études ont été transposées à l’élaboration et à la compréhension des comportements d’une formulation industrielle complexe à base de PLA, PBAT et de farine céréalière plastifiée. / The ultimate aim of the present thesis focuses on the structure/processing/properties relationship of the PLA/PBAT materials. The latters are intended for food packaging in order to replace poly (ethylene terephthalate (PET). However, PLA has a limited processability in conventional technologies of plastics industry. The strengthening of its melt properties has been achieved through the incorporation of a multifunctional epoxide, able to react with the end chains of polyesters. Furthermore, PLA/PBAT blends were prepared to make the final material more ductile. The first part of the study consists on the understanding of thermal and hydrolytic degradation mechanisms of neat PLA and PBAT polymers upon processing. Indeed, the degradation was overcome through the chain extension reaction coupled to branching, induced by the multifunctional epoxide. The chain extension and branching mechanisms were highlighted by the analysis of the activation energy and the relaxation spectra in the molten state as well as the physico-chemical properties in solution. Moreover, the Van-Gurp-Palmen plots confirm the co-existence of linear and randomly branched macromolecular chains. The second part has been dedicated to the compatibilization of PLA/PBAT blends by the multifunctional epoxide. Experimental models studies, based on the assessment of the interfacial tension, and the rheological modeling showed the major role of the reactive epoxide agent as a compatibilizer. Thus, the decrease of the interfacial tension gives a better cohesive interface with finer and homogenous morphology of the dispersed phase, accompanied with an improvement of the mechanical properties. The study of the shear and elongation rheological properties of modified materials showed an enhancement of their melt strength. Therefore, a better ability to be blown has been demonstrated, by expanding their stability maps. Besides, biaxial stretching studies of neat polymers, their modified counterparts as well as their blends show a structural strain hardening, due to a strain-induced crystallization. The crystalline phases were analyzed thanks to calorimetric and spectroscopic methods. Finally, the present studies have been used to elaborate and understand the behavior of a complex industrial formulation based on PLA, PBAT and thermoplastic cereal flour.

Cílem disertace je ověřit existenci vztahu mezi využitím analytických nástrojů strategického řízení a výkonností podniků. Za tímto účelem bylo třeba nejdříve definovat množinu analytických nástrojů strategického řízení, které jsou v soudobé praxi našich firem nejčastěji používané a nalézt způsob, kterým lze hodnotit výkonnost podniků. K tomuto účelu byly připraveny dva výzkumy: výsledkem prvního bylo zjištění nejčastěji používaných analytických nástrojů strategického řízení a faktorů, které jejich využití ovlivňují, t.j. jejich znalost, spokojenost s nimi a velikost podniků. Výsledkem druhého výzkumu bylo navržení nového způsobu multikriteriálního hodnocení podnikového výkonu. Pomocí analýzy hlavních komponent (principal component analysis) byly definovány čtyři skupiny ukazatelů, které umožňují komplexní posouzení podnikového výkonu: ukazatele finanční výkonnosti, konkurenční pozice, orientace na zákazníky a organizační integrity. S použitím regresní analýzy (stepwise regression analysis) byl prokázán pozitivní vliv využití analytických nástrojů strategického řízení na výkonnost podniků.

No description available.

This thesis talks about different ways of dealing with people who find themselves in unfavourable social situations. It shows, based on casuistic cases and examples, the importance of a loving approach to the client. It describes particular ways of work with people who seem to be optimal from theoretical and practical point of view. It examines a conversation with a client in more detail. It tries to find an internal source of positive adjustment of the helping worker towards people. This adjustment is found not in set rules and instrumental method, but in a Christian approach to the person. A person, as an image of God is my fellowman and I am responsible for him/her. The source of a loving and optimistic approach to people comes from Christian culture, solidarity and respect for people, which is included in the Gospels. Christian approach to people is very much needed and should be part of social work within the middle of Europe.

Extensive research has documented the relationship between listening to certain genres of music and negative effects on social behavior such as aggressive and antisocial behavior. The present study explored whether there are genres of music associated with altruism. Altruistic behavior is defined as behavior that is consistently more caring, helpful, considerate of other's feelings, and self- sacrificing. These behaviors promote our ability to thrive as a community. Yet, few studies have addressed the relationship between music and altruism. Data was collected from 608 college students who completed a self-report altruism scale, music preference measure, the Marlowe Crowne social desirability scale, and a demographic information form in order to see if there is a relationship between choice of music and altruism. A multiple hierarchal regression analysis found music genre choice accounted for 15.9 percent of variance in self-reported altruism. Significant, positive correlations emerged also between altruism and several music genres including alternative, country, classical, and emo.

Jury Président : Gilles Bibeau Directeur : Patrice Brodeur Membre du jury : Harith Al-Dabbagh Examinateur externe : Dominique Avon / À l’égard du lien entre le religieux et le politique, le XIXe siècle a été marqué par le rétablissement de grandes questions et par la mise en oeuvre de sujets innovateurs dans la pensée égyptienne par les grandes figures de al-Nahḍah (Renaissance), alors que le XXe siècle a été empreint d’une forte polarisation entre les courants du réformisme musulman, de l´islamisme holiste activiste et du libéralisme humaniste musulman. Maintenant, qu’en est-il des prises de position adoptées par les intellectuels égyptiens contemporains (2011-2015) à ce sujet ? Quelles sont leurs principales expressions de la conception de l’État au prisme de ce lien ? En quoi ces orientations courantes reflètent-elles des continuités, des évolutions ou des ruptures dans la conception de l’État par rapport à la pensée égyptienne moderne (1805-2010) ? Pour pouvoir donner des pistes de réponses à ces questions, les principaux travaux et interventions de 22 intellectuels seront étudiés et analysés, et ce, autour de la conception de l’espace public, de la source de légitimité et de la légifération, toujours au prisme du lien entre le religieux et le politique. Il s’agit principalement d’intellectuels qui, malgré leurs apports et leur influence sur la scène intellectuelle égyptienne actuelle, sont quasi absents de la littérature, surtout française et anglaise. Et c’est par le biais d´une approche interdisciplinaire, appliquée et critique que leurs discours seront examinés. / With respect to the relationship between the religious and the political, the 19th century was marked by the resituating within Egyptian thought of innovative questions and subjects by the great figures of the Al-Nahdah (Renaissance), while the 20th century was characterized by a pronounced polarization between Muslim reformism, activist holistic Islamism and Muslim humanistic liberalism. What of the positions of contemporary Egyptian intellectuals (2011-2015) in this regard? What are their primary expressions of conceiving the state through the prism of the relationship under discussion? How do these current approaches reflect continuities, evolutions or ruptures in conceiving the state with regard to modern Egyptian thought (1805-2010)? To propose avenues for answering these questions, the principal works and other contributions of 22 intellectuals will be studied and analyzed taking into consideration the conception of public space, of the State’s source of legitimacy and legislation, again viewed through the prism of the relationship between the religious and the political. Most of these intellectuals are virtually absent from the literature – especially the French and English – despite their contributions and their influence on the contemporary Egyptian intellectual scene. Their discourses will be examined using an interdisciplinary, applied and critical approach.

Over the past decade, the regulation of mining in South Africa has undergone a fundamental transformation in order to promote equitable access to the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources. The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, drastically changed the regulation of mining by placing the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources under the custodianship of the state. The transformative objectives of resource reform, as envisaged in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, could however not be achieved without a measure of sacrifice -- most notably, that which had to be shouldered by the owners of the land in which the minerals are contained. Under common law, minerals vested in the owners of land and no one could compel them to extract or consent to the extraction of these minerals. Landowners were able to safeguard their land from mining activities by refusing to consent to mining. The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002, changed this by providing that landowners could no longer prevent the state from granting qualifying applicants authorisation to mine. The transformative objectives of resource reform, have inevitably made great inroads into a landowner’s rights to use and enjoy his property optimally. The main focus of this study revolves around the limiting impact of South Africa’s current mineral-law dispensation on township development, and conversely, how township development impairs or limits the mining of coal. For a better understanding of the limitations which the current legislative provisions create in respect of the rights of landowners and holders of mining rights, a brief evaluation of the historical development of the right to mine coal is provided. The entitlements and reciprocal obligations of holders of mining rights and owners of the affected land are considered, and the parties’ legal remedies to resist interference in their respective rights are explored. In the process of considering possible remedies to resolve the conflict which inevitably arises, I explain why English-law principles governing lateral support (support owed by two adjacent properties [neighbour law]), and subjacent support (where the landowner may not be deprived of the vertical support his property derives from the sub-surface minerals) were incorrectly transplanted into our law. In Anglo Operations Ltd v Sandhurst Estates (Pty) Ltd, the South African Supreme Court of Appeal rejected the previously-held view that the right to subjacent support -- like the right to lateral support -- is a natural property right incidental to the ownership of the land. It was further held that conflict between holders of rights to minerals and owners of land should be resolved, not in accordance with English-law principles of neighbour law, but in terms of the law developed for rights relating to the use of servitudes. In summary, the court found that where the parties have not specifically contracted against the specific action (such as opencast or planned-subsidence mining), and provided that it was reasonably necessary for the mining right holder to use this invasive method, he may do so, so long as he does so in the manner least injurious to the entitlements of the surface owner. This decision, however, did not take into account the changes brought about by the comprehensive statutory framework of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 which I argue has replaced the earlier servitude construction. In this dissertation I consider whether possible solutions to resolve the conflict can be found in the principles relating to neighbour law, and whether the principles governing the use of servitudes remain relevant in resolving conflicts between landowners and holders of mining rights. I evaluate possible legal remedies and place special emphasis on the constitutionality of the curtailment of a landowner’s use and enjoyment of his property resulting from mining activities on or under his land. I further consider whether the exercise of a mining right, granted by the state, which results in a serious infringement of a landowner’s ownership, could in certain circumstances amount to a deprivation or possibly an expropriation in terms of section 25 of the Constitution. I discuss the position where the state’s regulatory interference is so severe that it deprives a landowner of the ability to exercise any, or a substantial portion of his ownership entitlements. I evaluate the possibility that such interference may constitute de facto expropriation for which compensation may be claimed. In the penultimate chapter I briefly mention how the relationship between landowners and holders of mining rights is managed and conflict is defused in other jurisdictions such as China, Australia, the United States of America, India, Germany and Swaziland. I conclude this dissertation with suggestions on possible ways in which the conflict may be resolved or at least minimised in future. / Die regulering van mynbou in Suid-Afrika het die afgelope dekade ‘n fundamentele verandering ondergaan ten einde breër toegang tot die nasie se minerale en petroleum hulpbronne te bevorder. Die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act,6 Wet 28 van 2002, het ‘n radikale ommekeer in die mynbou industrie meegebring deurdat die regulering van mynbou aktiwiteite onder die toesig en beheer van die nasionale regering geplaas is. Die transformatiewe oogmerk van hulpbron hervorming ingevolge die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika kon egter nie geskied sonder ‘n mate van opoffering nie. Die grootste aanslag van die nuwe mineraalreg bedeling word sonder twyfel gevoel deur die eienaars van grond ten opsigte waarvan mynregte deur die regering aan ‘n ander party toegeken word. Ingevolge die gemenereg was die eienaar van grond voorheen ook die eienaar van die minerale wat in die grond voorgekom het. Gevolglik was dit onder die uitsluitlike beheer van die eienaar om te bepaal of enigiemand anders die reg kon verkry om minerale op of in die betrokke grond te ontgin. Na aanvang van die inwerkingtreding van die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act is hierdie posisie egter omvêrgewerp aangesien die regering voortaan die bevoegdheid het om te bepaal wie en op watter voorwaardes iemand die reg verkry om minerale te ontgin. Die toekenning van die reg om minerale te ontgin op ‘n ander se eiendom sonder die eienaar se toestemming, maak dus ernstige inbreuk op sy regte. Grondeienaars se bevoegdhede wat uit hul eiendomsreg voortvloei word in talle gevalle ernstig ingeperk ten einde die oogmerke van hulpbron transformasie te bereik. Die ondersoek wat hierna volg, is daarop toegespits om die beperkende aanslag van die regulering van steenkoolmynbou-aktiwiteite op die ontwikkeling van dorpsgebiede asook dié van die ontwikkeling van dorpsgebiedie op steenkoolmynbou beter te verstaan. Ten einde hierdie invloed beter te verstaan, word die geskiedkundige ontwikkeling van die reg om minerale in Suid-Afrika te ontgin kortliks oorweeg. Die regte en verpligtinge van die houers van mynregte en die eienaars van die grond wat deur die uitoefening daarvan geraak word, asook die remedies waaroor die onderskye partye beskik ten einde hul regte teen inbreukmaking deur die ander party te beskerm, word daarna oorweeg. In genoemde ondersoek toon ek aan waarom die Engelsregtelike burereg- beginsels van laterale steun en onderstut nie toepassing in ons reg behoort te vind nie en waarom die botsing wat ontstaan vanweë die uitoefening van die grondeienaar en die houer van ‘n mynreg se regte liefs versoen moet word deur die Suid-Afrikaanse serwituutreg beginsels toe te pas soos aangetoon in die beslissing van Anglo Operations Ltd v Sandhurst Estates. Hiedie beslissing het egter nie die veranderinge wat meegebring is deur die nuwe bedeling van die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act in ag geneem nie en daar word gevolglik aangevoer dat die serwituut beginsels vervang is deur ‘n breedvoerige wetgewende stelsel. Die grondwetlikheid van die beperking op die bevoegdhede van ‘n grondeienaar om sy eiendom te gebruik en te geniet, word ondersoek, asook of daar enige gronde vir ‘n eis om skadevergoeding mag wees. In besonder word daar oorweeg of die leerstuk van konstruktiewe onteiening moontlik toepassing kan vind in gevalle waar die staat se regulering ‘n uitermatige beperkende effek het op die bevoegdhede van ‘n grondeienaar om sy eiendomsreg uit te oefen. In die voorlaaste hoofstuk ontleed ek baie kortliks hoe die verhouding tussen eienaars van grond in mynbougebiede en houers van regte om minerale te ontgin in Sjina, Australië, die Verenigde State van Amerika, Indië, Duitsland en Swaziland gereguleer word. Ter afsluiting word aandag gegee aan moontlike maniere om die belangebotsing tussen die betrokke partye uit die weg te ruim of te beperk. / Private Law / LL.M.

Summaries in German and English / Text in German / Angestoßen durch ein vom evangelischen Jugendwerk getragenes Projekt hat sich eine zu-nehmende Zahl von Jugendgemeinden in Orten und Bezirken der württembergischen Lan-deskirche etabliert. Diese Jugendgemeinden zielen auf verbindliche gottesdienstliche Ge-meinschaft und verstehen sich nicht nur als Jugendarbeit, sondern wollen ein eigenes Ge-meindebewusstsein entwickeln. Da sich Jugendgemeinden naturgemäß besonders auf das Jugendalter konzentrieren, werden sich junge Erwachsene eine andere geistliche Heimat suchen müssen, sobald sie sich zu sehr vom Jugendalter entfernen. Diese Masterarbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, Faktoren zu ermitteln, die zu einem gelingenden Wechsel ehemaliger Mitglieder von Jugendgemeinden in landeskirchliche Ortsgemeinden beitragen, bzw. Faktoren zu finden, die zu einer Abwanderungsbewegung derselben führen. Dafür werden Leitfadeninterviews mit ehemaligen Mitgliedern von Jugendgemeinden durch-geführt und entsprechend der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Philipp Mayring ausgewertet. Auf Basis dieser ermittelten Faktoren sollen Handlungsempfehlungen zur Erneuerung der Praxis entwickelt werden sowie die Faktoren mit der praktisch-theologischen sowie inner-kirchlichen Diskussion in Verbindung gebracht werden. / Initiated by a project of the youth division of the protestant church in Württemberg, an in-creasing number of youth churches (“Jugendgemeinden”) have been formed in different parishes and districts of the protestant church in Württemberg (“Evangelische Kirche in Würt-temberg”). These youth churches view themselves as more than the current understanding of normal youth ministry. They conduct regular youth worship services, have a congregation of committed members and develop the self-understanding of an actual church. Because youth churches target a teenage demographic, its members are placed in the position of needing to search for another church home once they become too old for the youth church. This dissertation aims to find factors which aid the transition of former members of youth churches into protestant local church congregations (“landeskirchliche Ortsgemeinden”) and respectively find factors which lead to migration outside these protestant church congregations. To that end, guided interviews are conducted with former members of youth churches and are analyzed by employing the qualitative content analysis method by Philipp Mayring. These determined factors form the basis for recommendations for action and a renewed church practice. They are discussed within the practical-theological and church context. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)

Over the past decade, the regulation of mining in South Africa has undergone a fundamental transformation in order to promote equitable access to the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources. The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002, drastically changed the regulation of mining by placing the nation’s mineral and petroleum resources under the custodianship of the state. The transformative objectives of resource reform, as envisaged in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, could however not be achieved without a measure of sacrifice -- most notably, that which had to be shouldered by the owners of the land in which the minerals are contained. Under common law, minerals vested in the owners of land and no one could compel them to extract or consent to the extraction of these minerals. Landowners were able to safeguard their land from mining activities by refusing to consent to mining. The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002, changed this by providing that landowners could no longer prevent the state from granting qualifying applicants authorisation to mine. The transformative objectives of resource reform, have inevitably made great inroads into a landowner’s rights to use and enjoy his property optimally. The main focus of this study revolves around the limiting impact of South Africa’s current mineral-law dispensation on township development, and conversely, how township development impairs or limits the mining of coal. For a better understanding of the limitations which the current legislative provisions create in respect of the rights of landowners and holders of mining rights, a brief evaluation of the historical development of the right to mine coal is provided. The entitlements and reciprocal obligations of holders of mining rights and owners of the affected land are considered, and the parties’ legal remedies to resist interference in their respective rights are explored. In the process of considering possible remedies to resolve the conflict which inevitably arises, I explain why English-law principles governing lateral support (support owed by two adjacent properties [neighbour law]), and subjacent support (where the landowner may not be deprived of the vertical support his property derives from the sub-surface minerals) were incorrectly transplanted into our law. In Anglo Operations Ltd v Sandhurst Estates (Pty) Ltd, the South African Supreme Court of Appeal rejected the previously-held view that the right to subjacent support -- like the right to lateral support -- is a natural property right incidental to the ownership of the land. It was further held that conflict between holders of rights to minerals and owners of land should be resolved, not in accordance with English-law principles of neighbour law, but in terms of the law developed for rights relating to the use of servitudes. In summary, the court found that where the parties have not specifically contracted against the specific action (such as opencast or planned-subsidence mining), and provided that it was reasonably necessary for the mining right holder to use this invasive method, he may do so, so long as he does so in the manner least injurious to the entitlements of the surface owner. This decision, however, did not take into account the changes brought about by the comprehensive statutory framework of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 which I argue has replaced the earlier servitude construction. In this dissertation I consider whether possible solutions to resolve the conflict can be found in the principles relating to neighbour law, and whether the principles governing the use of servitudes remain relevant in resolving conflicts between landowners and holders of mining rights. I evaluate possible legal remedies and place special emphasis on the constitutionality of the curtailment of a landowner’s use and enjoyment of his property resulting from mining activities on or under his land. I further consider whether the exercise of a mining right, granted by the state, which results in a serious infringement of a landowner’s ownership, could in certain circumstances amount to a deprivation or possibly an expropriation in terms of section 25 of the Constitution. I discuss the position where the state’s regulatory interference is so severe that it deprives a landowner of the ability to exercise any, or a substantial portion of his ownership entitlements. I evaluate the possibility that such interference may constitute de facto expropriation for which compensation may be claimed. In the penultimate chapter I briefly mention how the relationship between landowners and holders of mining rights is managed and conflict is defused in other jurisdictions such as China, Australia, the United States of America, India, Germany and Swaziland. I conclude this dissertation with suggestions on possible ways in which the conflict may be resolved or at least minimised in future. / Die regulering van mynbou in Suid-Afrika het die afgelope dekade ‘n fundamentele verandering ondergaan ten einde breër toegang tot die nasie se minerale en petroleum hulpbronne te bevorder. Die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act,6 Wet 28 van 2002, het ‘n radikale ommekeer in die mynbou industrie meegebring deurdat die regulering van mynbou aktiwiteite onder die toesig en beheer van die nasionale regering geplaas is. Die transformatiewe oogmerk van hulpbron hervorming ingevolge die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika kon egter nie geskied sonder ‘n mate van opoffering nie. Die grootste aanslag van die nuwe mineraalreg bedeling word sonder twyfel gevoel deur die eienaars van grond ten opsigte waarvan mynregte deur die regering aan ‘n ander party toegeken word. Ingevolge die gemenereg was die eienaar van grond voorheen ook die eienaar van die minerale wat in die grond voorgekom het. Gevolglik was dit onder die uitsluitlike beheer van die eienaar om te bepaal of enigiemand anders die reg kon verkry om minerale op of in die betrokke grond te ontgin. Na aanvang van die inwerkingtreding van die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act is hierdie posisie egter omvêrgewerp aangesien die regering voortaan die bevoegdheid het om te bepaal wie en op watter voorwaardes iemand die reg verkry om minerale te ontgin. Die toekenning van die reg om minerale te ontgin op ‘n ander se eiendom sonder die eienaar se toestemming, maak dus ernstige inbreuk op sy regte. Grondeienaars se bevoegdhede wat uit hul eiendomsreg voortvloei word in talle gevalle ernstig ingeperk ten einde die oogmerke van hulpbron transformasie te bereik. Die ondersoek wat hierna volg, is daarop toegespits om die beperkende aanslag van die regulering van steenkoolmynbou-aktiwiteite op die ontwikkeling van dorpsgebiede asook dié van die ontwikkeling van dorpsgebiedie op steenkoolmynbou beter te verstaan. Ten einde hierdie invloed beter te verstaan, word die geskiedkundige ontwikkeling van die reg om minerale in Suid-Afrika te ontgin kortliks oorweeg. Die regte en verpligtinge van die houers van mynregte en die eienaars van die grond wat deur die uitoefening daarvan geraak word, asook die remedies waaroor die onderskye partye beskik ten einde hul regte teen inbreukmaking deur die ander party te beskerm, word daarna oorweeg. In genoemde ondersoek toon ek aan waarom die Engelsregtelike burereg- beginsels van laterale steun en onderstut nie toepassing in ons reg behoort te vind nie en waarom die botsing wat ontstaan vanweë die uitoefening van die grondeienaar en die houer van ‘n mynreg se regte liefs versoen moet word deur die Suid-Afrikaanse serwituutreg beginsels toe te pas soos aangetoon in die beslissing van Anglo Operations Ltd v Sandhurst Estates. Hiedie beslissing het egter nie die veranderinge wat meegebring is deur die nuwe bedeling van die Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act in ag geneem nie en daar word gevolglik aangevoer dat die serwituut beginsels vervang is deur ‘n breedvoerige wetgewende stelsel. Die grondwetlikheid van die beperking op die bevoegdhede van ‘n grondeienaar om sy eiendom te gebruik en te geniet, word ondersoek, asook of daar enige gronde vir ‘n eis om skadevergoeding mag wees. In besonder word daar oorweeg of die leerstuk van konstruktiewe onteiening moontlik toepassing kan vind in gevalle waar die staat se regulering ‘n uitermatige beperkende effek het op die bevoegdhede van ‘n grondeienaar om sy eiendomsreg uit te oefen. In die voorlaaste hoofstuk ontleed ek baie kortliks hoe die verhouding tussen eienaars van grond in mynbougebiede en houers van regte om minerale te ontgin in Sjina, Australië, die Verenigde State van Amerika, Indië, Duitsland en Swaziland gereguleer word. Ter afsluiting word aandag gegee aan moontlike maniere om die belangebotsing tussen die betrokke partye uit die weg te ruim of te beperk. / Private Law / LL. M.

Summaries in German and English / Text in German / Angestoßen durch ein vom evangelischen Jugendwerk getragenes Projekt hat sich eine zu-nehmende Zahl von Jugendgemeinden in Orten und Bezirken der württembergischen Lan-deskirche etabliert. Diese Jugendgemeinden zielen auf verbindliche gottesdienstliche Ge-meinschaft und verstehen sich nicht nur als Jugendarbeit, sondern wollen ein eigenes Ge-meindebewusstsein entwickeln. Da sich Jugendgemeinden naturgemäß besonders auf das Jugendalter konzentrieren, werden sich junge Erwachsene eine andere geistliche Heimat suchen müssen, sobald sie sich zu sehr vom Jugendalter entfernen. Diese Masterarbeit setzt sich zum Ziel, Faktoren zu ermitteln, die zu einem gelingenden Wechsel ehemaliger Mitglieder von Jugendgemeinden in landeskirchliche Ortsgemeinden beitragen, bzw. Faktoren zu finden, die zu einer Abwanderungsbewegung derselben führen. Dafür werden Leitfadeninterviews mit ehemaligen Mitgliedern von Jugendgemeinden durch-geführt und entsprechend der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Philipp Mayring ausgewertet. Auf Basis dieser ermittelten Faktoren sollen Handlungsempfehlungen zur Erneuerung der Praxis entwickelt werden sowie die Faktoren mit der praktisch-theologischen sowie inner-kirchlichen Diskussion in Verbindung gebracht werden. / Initiated by a project of the youth division of the protestant church in Württemberg, an in-creasing number of youth churches (“Jugendgemeinden”) have been formed in different parishes and districts of the protestant church in Württemberg (“Evangelische Kirche in Würt-temberg”). These youth churches view themselves as more than the current understanding of normal youth ministry. They conduct regular youth worship services, have a congregation of committed members and develop the self-understanding of an actual church. Because youth churches target a teenage demographic, its members are placed in the position of needing to search for another church home once they become too old for the youth church. This dissertation aims to find factors which aid the transition of former members of youth churches into protestant local church congregations (“landeskirchliche Ortsgemeinden”) and respectively find factors which lead to migration outside these protestant church congregations. To that end, guided interviews are conducted with former members of youth churches and are analyzed by employing the qualitative content analysis method by Philipp Mayring. These determined factors form the basis for recommendations for action and a renewed church practice. They are discussed within the practical-theological and church context. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)