Originally published as the author's dissertation (doctoral)--Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. i-vii [second set of roman numerals]) and index.

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).

Thesis (S.T.M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2006. / Page [57] blank/missing. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [58]-63).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Osnabrück, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [278]-314) and index.

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, Jan., 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1988. / This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #029-0122. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, Jan., 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, Jan., 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).

過去學者討論僧人與國家之關係，多強調來自國家的制度規定，忽略了僧人的主觀能動性。本文則從護僧榜文出發，嘗試以自下而上的視角去探討僧人與國家的關係。此類榜文在有清一代多地出現，看似係皇帝聖旨，強調國家對僧人的優待政策，被不少僧人隨身攜帶。更有甚者，榜文被張掛、勒石記錄或刻板刷印以擴大影響。而事實上，清帝從未頒行過護僧榜文，所謂的護僧榜文是僧人為維護自身利益製造出來的。 諸多普通民眾難以判斷榜文的真假，而地方官紳大多對這類民間文本並不關心，認為其無關緊要。也有佞佛官紳利用此類榜文來鼓吹佛教，幫助維護寺廟與僧人的利益。通過對護僧榜文的研究，可以看到僧人並非只是國家規定的被動接受者，他們借用國家的名義，製造、傳播并利用符合自身利益的"國家規定"。 / Most previous research on relations between monks and the state focused on the state regulations, and ignored the monks’ subjective initiative. In Comparison, this thesis centers on the various Official Placards of Protecting Monks in the Qing dynasty and tries to discuss the relationship between monks and the state from a bottom-up perspective. Those placards, taken by not a few monks, were similar to imperial edicts in format, emphasizing the state’s amiable position toward monks. Occasionally, people posted these placards on the wall, or carved them on the stele, or printed them out, in order to expand influence. As a matter of fact, Qing emperors had never issued such a kind of edict. Therefore, the so-called Official Placards of Protecting Monks were counterfeited by certain monks for their own sakes. On the one hand, it was difficult for many commoners to tell the authenticity of these placards. On the other, the majority of local officials and elites did not bother themselves with these placards. Nevertheless, a few local elites took advantage of these very placards to promulgate Buddhism and protect monks and their temples. In sum, the Official Placard of Protecting Monks throws light on another aspect of the relationship between the state and the monks, revealing that monks were by no means passive receiver of state regulation. On the contrary, by manipulating the credit of the state, they were able to produce, spread and capitalize on the so-called "state regulations" in their own interests. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 伍金菊. / "2014年10月"--Title page. / "2014 nian 10 yue"--Title page. / Parallel title from English abstract. / Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-148). / Abstracts also in English. / Wu Jinju.

Thesis (doctoral)--Philipps-Universität, Marburg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-336) and indexes.