A discussão sobre a pesquisa faz-se necessária em todas as áreas do conhecimento, tanto para seu aprimoramento como para atualização e busca constante da qualidade. Assim, esta dissertação, procura discutir e analisar a pesquisa em Turismo, suas tendências e limitações. A primeira parte desta dissertação constitui-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, ou seja, uma análise e comparação entre autores para a compreensão dos diversos métodos de pesquisa existentes. A segunda parte verifica, através de pesquisa exploratória com Mestres e Doutores formados por Programas Stricto Sensu de Turismo no Brasil, as influências, limitações e considerações destes pesquisadores a respeito do processo de pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram a predominância no uso pesquisa exploratória e na estratégia de pesquisa de campo nas dissertações de Mestrado. Neste sentido, entendemos a importância deste trabalho como uma contribuição ao estudo da teoria e prática de métodos de investigação científica aplicado à pesquisa em Turismo. / The discussion on Academic Research is necessary in all areas of knowledge, not only improving its quality but also to provide continuous update in the quality. This dissertation discusses and analyzes the research on the Tourism field, its status and limitations. In the first part of this dissertation we have tried through a library research design an analysis and comparison among authors in order to understand the several given definitions on research methods. The second part provides through exploratory research with Master and Doctors graduated in Stricto Sensu Tourism programs in Brazil, the influences, limitations and considerations. In this sense, we understand the importance of this work as a contribution to the study of theory and practice of Research Methods applied to Tourism research.

Den projektbaserade arbetsformen blir allt mer vanligt förekommande inom alla nivåer i samhället. Projekt kräver planering, bland annat tid- och resursplanering. Tid är en av de viktigaste beståndsdelarna i projekt, och tidsaspekten är av avgörande betydelse om projektet kommer att lyckas i sin helhet. Resurser är en annan viktig beståndsdel som också har en avgörande betydelse om projekt kommer att nå målen. Samtidigt som projektet som arbetssätt tilltar, tenderar projekten att växa i storlek. Statistiken gör gällande att stora projekt ofta misslyckas ett problem som inte har minskat, trots mångåriga erfarenheter från projekt. Även om utbudet av metoder, tekniker och programverktyg är tämligen omfattande idag, kvarstår problemet med misslyckade projekt, trots mer erfarenhet och fler verktyg. Det råder ett generellt problem med att projekttiden minskar, i kombination av att komplexiteten ökar i alla former av projekt. Omständigheter som medfört större krav på projektplanering, särskilt tid- och resursplanering. Det kan antas att det finns ett behov av datoriserade projektplaneringsprogram, och antagandet att det är svårt att tid- och resursplanera utan stöd av olika metoder, tekniker och datorverktyg.Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur projektplanering i allmänhet och tid- och resursplanering i synnerhet bedrivs idag, och hur de olika metoderna, teknikerna och programverktygen kan förbättra, och underlätta projektplaneringen.

<p>Traffic is inevitably a major source of air pollution, particularly in urban areas. Efforts are made towards reducing emissions by improving vehicle and fuel technology and promoting alternative, sustainable modes of transportation. Although the emergence of EVs has shown capabilities of decreasing energy use and emissions levels, the EV market is developing slowly mainly due to drivers’ range anxiety and charging time. Electric roadways (ERs) have been proposed as a solution to overcome the concerns related to EVs by converting road segments into powered lanes where vehicles can be charged as they move along the roadway. This technology has the potential to increase driving range, decrease battery size and thus, lower the weight and the cost of EVs. In this context, exploring the challenging concept of ERs comes natural. </p> <p>Since data on the market acceptance and the environmental implications on this technology are limited to non-existent, this thesis has the following objectives: 1) identify the factors that affect the short- and long-term intention to use ERs, 2) estimate the level of adoption of the ER technology and identify characteristics of the market segments and 3) assess the impact of ERs on criteria pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions based on the market adoption results.</p> <p>To achieve these objectives, a survey of the general population in Los Angeles, California was conducted, gathering 600 responses representative of gender and age in the area. Los Angeles is considered a leader in electro-mobility and thus, a natural choice for the implementation of ERs. The short-or long-term intentions to drive on ERs and purchase an EV knowing about the availability of ERs were found to be correlated and thus, were modeled simultaneously using a bivariate ordered probit model. The compatibility of the ER technology with respondents’ lifestyle and needs, respondents’ tendency towards using sustainable forms of transportation, respondents’ innovativeness and perceived environmental benefits were among the most significant variables found to affect the short-term and long-term intention to use ERs.</p> <p>The level of adoption of the ER technology and corresponding market segments were identified using a combination of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis. Three clusters emerged from the analysis: early adopters (48.5%), mid-adopters (27.67%) and late adopters (23.83%) that differed in terms of demographics and socioeconomic characteristics, travel and EV charging characteristics and level of awareness. </p> <p>The adoption levels found were then used to estimate the emissions change due to the implementation of the ERs by 2050. Using the California Air Resources Board’s (CARB) 2017 EMissions FACtor model (EMFAC). Two scenarios were examined considering light-duty vehicles (LDVs) in a specific corridor: “with” and “without electrification” scenarios. The results suggested that the ER technology for light-duty vehicles has the potential to provide emission reductions of 4 to 24%. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to examine the effect of speed on the results.</p> <p>Turning to the practical implications, this thesis can provide a foundational framework for the evaluation of the ER technology in terms of environmental and economic viability and set the groundwork for future research. Ultimately, the short-term and long-term intention analysis can be used as a draft guide by state and local agencies and inform their strategic short- or long- range plans for mobility. By segmenting potential users, policy makers and transport operators can be informed about the main challenges regarding the promotion of the ER technology to distinct market segments and devise ways to accelerate its adoption. The findings from the impact analysis of ERs on criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases can also inform long-range transportation plans and existing regulations and policies in California and beyond.</p> <p> </p>

Darnios informacinės visuomenės klestėjimo periode, vykstant mokslo bei technologijų pažangai, kiekvienam asmeniui būtina tobulinti socialinius, komunikacinius, problemų sprendimo, veiklos bei kitus bendruosius gebėjimus ir kartu išsiugdyti svarbiausius įgūdžius, būtinus norint sėkmingai konkuruoti šiuolaikinėje darbo rinkoje. Aktuali tyrimo problema, atsakant į klausimą: koks pedagogų IKT taikymo kompetencijos turinys ir struktūra, nes nuo jų priklauso profesinio mokymo ir mokymosi proceso kokybė, pedagogų ir jų ugdytinių gebėjimas sėkmingai integruotis į pasaulinę ir šalies darbo rinką.Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama kolegijų pedagogų informacinių ir komunikacinių technologijų taikymo (IKT) kompetencija, kaip profesinės kompetencijos komponentas. Informacinės visuomenės ir kultūros kaita bei pedagogų standarto reikalavimai ES ir Lietuvoje pedagogų IKT kompetencijai keičiasi, kintant mokymo ir mokymosi procesui ir nacionaliniams ugdymo tikslams, įtakojant socialiniams-demografiniams veiksniams. Anketiniu tyrimu nustatyta, kad šalies aukštųjų neuniversitetinių mokyklų (kolegijų) pedagogai sistemingai tobulina informacinio raštingumo kompetencijas įvairiomis formomis, dalyvaudami ES projektuose ir programose, savarankiškai mokydamiesi nuotoliniu būdu, norėdami kokybiškai ir sistemingai dirbti edukaciniame procese. Pristatomas pedagogų IKT taikymo kompetencijos turinio ir struktūros empirinis pagrindimas. Analizuojamos kolegijų pedagogų IKT elgsenos, pridedamosios... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / During the period of prosperity of harmonic informational society, as the economy globalyzes and the science and technology development increases, it is necessary for everyone to develop social, communicational, problem-solving, practical and other common skills as well as to bring up the most important habits in order to be able to compete in today’s employment market. The urgent problem, when solving the problem of what the application volume and structure of competence of pedagogue’s information and communication technology (ICT) would be, since the value of professional teaching and learning and pedagogues’ their apprentices abilities to successfully integrate to national and international job market depend on it.The work analyzes competence, as a part of professional competence, of college pedagogues in application of information and communication technologies (ICT). The informational society and culture as well as the requirements for the pedagogues’ ICT competence changes as changes the learning and teachning process for national training goals influenced by social and demografic factors. The questionaire research has showed that the pedagogues of national universities and colleges, in order to perform a quality educational work, systematically increase their competences of informational capabilities in various ways. This work also presents the volume and structure empirical substantiation of pedagogues’ ICT competences. Moreover, this article analyzes the ICT... [to full text]

The backbone of this study was a systems thinking based analysis of the management and control of predators as practiced in South Africa since the advent of Europeans in 1652. The first bounties were introduced for a variety of animal species in 1656. Many species became labeled as vermin and were persecuted, often with the intention of eradication. A variety of controls have been applied, of which many have not kept pace with contemporary thinking or technology, and which by simply killing predators fail to address the crux of the issue of predator – livestock conflict. Many of the methods used cannot be applied to specifically remove an individual damage-causing animal. Considerable collateral ecological damage is inflicted by the killing of animals regarded as innocent bystanders. The objective of the analysis was to highlight the futility of temporary solutions which fail to resolve the conflict in the long term. These quick fixes frequently perpetuate an ecological imbalance which exacerbates the predator – livestock conflict. The analysis used raw data from a questionnaire survey conducted by the Poison Working Group of the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT-PWG) (2003). The EWT-PWG intended to assess pesticide abuse as toxicant for predators by farmers, and to identify all control methods used. The data forthcoming was Cartesian in nature and a fixed snap-shot in time. This study sought to identify the root cause of the conflict by applying systems thinking which added the dimension of cause and effect interrogation. The study categorised and described predator conflict management methods as lethal or preventative, and assessed each category in archetypal terms from a systems thinking perspective. It also sought to identify leverage points, or small changes which have profound effects, to stimulate a change in approach to humanpredator conflict management. In order to assess and illustrate the positive change brought about by application of preventative methods, a small group of farmers who had initiated changes in their predator conflict management over the five years subsequent to the EWTPWG survey were selected from the original group for reassessment. Through evaluation of predator conflict management methods from a systems thinking perspective, and by probing learning processes, the shortcomings or failure of inappropriate management responses to conflict situations were shown to exacerbate conflicts. Contrarily, it was illustrated that application of systems thinking and a process of addressing the root cause of conflict issues in predator conflict management, was a longer term solution. The study illustrated that application of long term proactive prevention and conflict avoidance principles, can offer long term solutions for predator conflict managers. / Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2008.

Thesis (M.A.)--Edith Cowan University, 2008. / Submitted to the Faculty of Education and Arts. Includes bibliographical references.

Background: There is a great need for effective treatments for mental health problems. Randomised controlled trials are the gold standard for evaluating treatments, however recruitment into trials is challenging, highlighting a clear need for evidence-based recruitment strategies. This thesis aimed to systematically develop a recruitment intervention and evaluate its effectiveness for improving the recruitment of participants into mental health trials. Methods: A mixed-methods approach, adopting the Medical Research Council’s complex interventions framework: 1) a systematic review to identify the evidence base and describe the factors affecting recruitment into depression trials; 2) a qualitative study to understand patients’ decision-making process in declining to enrol in a depression trial; 3) development of a recruitment intervention, using Participatory Design methods; and 4) evaluation of the recruitment intervention, using a randomised controlled trial, embedded in an ongoing mental health trial (the EQUIP trial). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants enrolled in EQUIP. Results: From the systematic review, a conceptual framework of factors influencing the decision to participate was developed, which highlighted that the decision to enrol involves a judgement between risk and reward. Findings suggested that patient and public involvement in research (PPIR) might be advertised to potential participants to reduce such perceived risk. The qualitative study found positive views of trials. Interviewees’ decision making resembled a four-stage process; in each stage they either decided to decline or progressed to the next stage. In Stage 1, those with an established position of declining trials opted out – they are termed ‘prior decliners’. In Stage 2, those who opted out after judging themselves ineligible are termed ‘self-excluders’. In Stage 3, those who decided they did not need the trial therapy and opted out are termed ‘treatment decliners’. In Stage 4, those who opted out after judging that disadvantages outweighed advantages are termed ‘trial decliners’. While ‘prior decliners’ are unlikely to respond to trial recruitment initiatives, the factors leading others to decline are amenable to amelioration as they do not arise from a rejection of trials. We recruited a host mental health trial (EQUIP), and worked with key stakeholders, including mental health service users and carers, to develop an intervention using a leaflet to advertise the nature and function of the PPIR in EQUIP to potential trial participants. 34 community mental health teams were randomised and 8182 patients invited. For the primary outcome, 4% of patients in the PPIR group were enrolled versus 5.3% of the control group. The intervention was not effective for improving recruitment rates (adjusted OR= 0.75, 95% CI= 0.53 to 1.07, p=0.113). Conclusions: This thesis reports the largest ever trial to evaluate the impact of a recruitment intervention. It also reports the largest trial of a PPIR intervention and makes a contribution to the evidence base on trial recruitment as well as to that assessing the impact of PPIR. Two further embedded trials are underway to evaluate the effectiveness of different versions of the recruitment intervention in different trial contexts and patient populations. This will also allow the results to be pooled to generate a more precise estimate of effect; to evaluate the impact of the intervention on trial retention; and to explore patient experiences of receiving the intervention.

Durant ces dernières années, les espaces de travail n'ont cessé de changer, en fonction du type de l'organisation ou du travail effectué, mais surtout suite à la mondialisation, aux préoccupations environnementales et aux technologies de l'information et de la communication. L'espace est inhérent à toute situation de gestion, l'important est de déceler son influence sur les acteurs. Le travail perd peu à peu sa notion d'accomplissement de soi et les entreprises font face aujourd'hui à un mal-être des salariés. Cependant, le travail' ne se cantonne pas au stress ou aux troubles psychosociaux, mais il peut être une réalisation ou un dépassement de soi. Conséquemment, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure la perception de l'espace de travail, notamment de l'open space, influence les perceptions du bien-être du salarié au travail ainsi que sa performance. Nous avons choisi une méthodologie mixte ayant pour finalité la complémentarité des méthodes. Cette stratégie permet de mobiliser simultanément une approche qualitative exploratoire et une approche quantitative. Notre recherche tend à démontrer une corrélation entre la perception de l'espace de travail et les perceptions de bien-être et de performance. S'il existe une relation significative d'une part entre la perception de l'espace de travail et la perception du bien-être au travail et d'autre part entre la perception de ce bien-être et de la performance individuelle, ce n'est pas le cas entre la perception de l'espace et de la performance. Cependant, nous pouvons nous demander si le bien-être du salarié serait un médiateur de la relation espace de travail et performance individuelle. / In recent years, workspaces have continued to change, depending on the type of organization or work, but mostly due to globalization, environmental concerns and information and communication technologies. Space is inherent to any management situation, it is important to detect its influence on the actors. Work gradually loses its notion of self-fulfillment, and companies today face an ill-being of employees. However, the work is not confined to stress or psycho social problems, but it can be a self-fulfillment. Consequently, we ask ourselves to what extent the perception of the workspace, particularly the open plan office, influences perceptions of well-being at work and job performance. We have chosen a mixed research methodology. This strategy allows us to simultaneously mobilize an exploratory qualitative approach and quantitative approach. Our research tends to show a correlation between the perception of the workspace and perceptions of well-being and job performance. If there is a significant relationship between the perception of the work space and the perception of well-being at work and between the perception of well-being and job performance, it is not the case between the perception of space and job performance. However, we wonder if the well-being of the employee may be a mediator of the relation between workspace and job performance.

Spirituality is a neglected dimension in psychology, but has recently been growing in importance. Depression is a widespread phenomenon, worldwide, although presenting differently in different cultures, including South Africa. The aim of this study was to give an opportunity to those who have experienced spirituality and depression to voice their experiences in their respective contexts. The ontological framework was postmodernism and the guiding epistemology was social constructionism. Qualitative research was the method of research selected, because it suited the aims of the research. The specific method of analysis was a "categorical content analysis". In depth interviews with eight participants from various faith backgrounds were conducted. The participants' stories were interpreted by the researcher in the form of themes. Recurring and pertinent themes were compared and discussed with other voices in the field, such as the literature and societal and cultural discourses. The study facilitated rich, detailed and complex descriptions of people's experience of spirituality and depression. The researcher hopes the voice of this research will lead to new understandings of these phenomena in a South African context. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:02:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6197.pdf: 6434806 bytes, checksum: f5c5e8edeffa97a2c452205a574a0a89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-02 / This work is the fruit of the author's research and reflection on the teaching practice in teaching mathematics 6° grade II Cycle in a public school in the city of Franca, São Paulo. Enhancing the work on classroom research methodology-Lesson Study, a Japanese methodology that encourages the resolution of problems, allowing for participatory learning. For this work the methodology needed to be adapted to the Brazilian context, as shown in Chapter 1. As the Professional master's dissertation is focused on turns to actions within the classroom to improve student learning in mathematics, develop Curriculum-based activities in the State of São Paulo that is discussed in Chapter 2 the issues involving multiplication and Division, greatest common divisor, fraction, decimal numbers and geometry. The application and analysis of activities, since its preparation, where they are taken into account the curriculum, the class profile, discussed in Chapter 3, choice of materials, dialogues during execution and closing up the reflection afterschool courses are dealt with in Chapter 4. In the Appendix of this work are applied activities as well as its planning and that can be used by other teachers in their classes. / O presente trabalho é fruto da pesquisa e reflexão do autor sobre a prática docente no ensino de Matemática do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental Ciclo II em uma escola pública na cidade de Franca, São Paulo. Alicerçamos o trabalho na Metodologia de Pesquisa de Aula Lesson Study, uma metodologia japonesa que estimula a resolução de problemas, permitindo a aprendizagem participativa. Para esse trabalho a metodologia precisou ser adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, como é mostrado no Capítulo 1. Como a dissertação é de Mestrado Profissional cujo foco se volta para ações dentro de sala de aula que visam melhorar o aprendizado dos alunos em Matemática, elaboramos atividades baseadas no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo que está discutido no Capítulo 2 envolvendo os temas multiplicação e divisão, máximo divisor comum, fração, números decimais e geometria. A aplicação e análise das atividades, desde sua preparação, onde são levados em conta o Currículo, o perfil das turmas, discutido no Capítulo 3, escolha dos materiais, diálogos durante a execução e fechamento até a reflexão pós-aula são tratadas no Capitulo 4. No Apêndice deste trabalho se encontram as atividades aplicadas bem como o seu planejamento e que podem ser utilizadas por outros professores em suas aulas.