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Effect of planting management factors on canola performance in high-residue cropping systemsShowalter, Baylee M. January 1900 (has links)
Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Kraig Roozeboom / Winter survival of canola (Brassica napus L.) is a challenge for producers using high-residue, no-tillage, or reduced tillage systems. In addition, as hybrid cultivars have become more available in recent years, this has brought about questions regarding best management practices to aid in mitigating winter survival challenges associated with high residue production systems. Overcoming production challenges will allow producers to diversify their no-till cropping systems with an oil seed crop having strong domestic demand. This research was undertaken to identify practices that could improve performance of canola in high-residue cropping systems. Two sets of experiments were conducted at twelve sites across Kansas from 2014 to 2016 to evaluate practices that could improve stand establishment, winter survival, and yield of winter canola. The objective of the first study conducted at 10 site years was to determine the effect of residue management, seeding density, and row spacing on stand establishment, winter survival, and yield. An innovative residue management system being developed by AGCO Corp. was compared to cooperating canola producers’ no-till residue management and planting methods in wheat residue. This on-farm experiment was conducted at ten environments across Kansas. AGCO treatments were 20 or 30-in row spacing and three seeding rates for a total of six treatments. Producer treatments included their preferred row spacing, seeding rate, and residue management practices. Winter survival increased by 11% to 29% as seeding rate decreased in 20-in rows at four of the five harvested environments. At Stafford and Kingman, the lowest yielding AGCO treatment produced 3.7 to 4.2-bushel acre⁻¹ more than the respective cooperator treatments. Reduced seeding rates in the AGCO system produced yields similar to or superior than the cooperator practice in all environments. Producers have been turning to planting canola in wide rows to facilitate residue management with strip tillage or planter residue management attachments. The objective of the second study conducted at three site-years was to determine the effect of seeding rate on winter survival and yield of hybrid and open-pollinated winter canola cultivars in 30-in rows. Treatments were four genotypes and five seeding rates for a total of twenty treatments. Winter survival increased with the lowest seeding rate at one of the three environments. At two of the three environments neither genotype nor seeding rate affected yield. These results indicate that seeding rates can be reduced from those typically used by canola producers in high residue, no-till or reduced tillage systems if residue can be adequately removed from the seed row. Both hybrid and open-pollinated winter canola cultivars responded similarly to seeding rate in 30-in rows in these experiments, indicating that similar seeding rates could be used for each type of cultivar. Management practices such as, narrow row spacing, reducing seeding rates, and adequately managing residue at planting may result in small improvements to establishment, winter survival and yield.
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The growth of annuals sown in rice stubble /Muirhead, Warren Alexander. January 1967 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M. Ag. Sci) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Agriculture, 1967. / Includes bibliography.
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Tall fescue growth and nitrogen uptake as influenced by non-thermal residue managementQureshi, Maqsood Hassan 06 December 1994 (has links)
Graduation date: 1995
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Tillage and residue management effects on soil organic matter dynamics in a sandy-loamHalpern, Moshe T., January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the Dept. of Natural Resource Sciences. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2009/6/25). Includes bibliographical references.
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Strip-Tillage Production Systems for TobaccoJerrell, Scottie Lee 25 May 2001 (has links)
Conservation tillage production systems for flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) have been studied for many years. Inadequate chemical weed control and lack of acceptable pesticide and fertilizer application resulted in consistently lower yields and inferior cured leaf quality. The development of new conservation tillage equipment, improved methods of fertilizer application, and new herbicides, have resulted in a renewed interest in conservation tillage labeled for tobacco. This research investigated management practices to address slow early season growth characteristic of strip-tillage tobacco production. Objectives of the first study were to evaluate the methods of starter fertilizer application and determine the optimal rate. A transplant water treatment (11 kg ha⁻¹) and 3 rates (11, 22, and 45 kg ha⁻¹) of injected 9-45-15 (N:P₂O₅:K₂O) water soluble starter fertilizer were evaluated for early season plant growth and time of topping. Starter fertilizer treatments increased tobacco root weight by 22% and leaf area up to 41%. Earlier topping was observed as a result of starter fertilizer with 23 and 6% more plants topped during the initial topping date in 1999 and 2000, respectively. Starter fertilizer did not consistently increase the yield of either strip-tillage or conventional tillage tobacco.
The objectives of the second study were to compare the use of raised beds with flat-planting and investigate cover crop residue management techniques. Residue management treatments minimized residue within the strip-tilled area with an early hooded spray application (strip-killed) of a burndown herbicide as opposed to the traditional broadcast burndown application. The use of raised beds for strip-tillage production of tobacco showed no clear benefit when compared to flat-planting. Strip-tillage plots were similar to conventional tillage for cured leaf quality and yield. Early season strip-kill burndown herbicide applications proved beneficial in reducing difficulties incorporating residue into the strip-tilled area thus improving the quality of the prepared seed bed.
This research has added to the present knowledge regarding strip-tillage tobacco production, and refined necessary cultural practices. Transplant starter fertilizer is recommended to overcome the typical slow early season growth characteristic of strip-tilled tobacco. However, increased rates (greater than 11 kg ha⁻¹) or under-row injection of the material had no added benefit. The research also demonstrated that the use of raised beds should not be considered a necessary practice with the use of a strip-till implement that incorporates under-row subsoil tillage. This research has demonstrated that tobacco yields and quality comparable to conventional tillage can be realized using strip-tillage production techniques. / Master of Science
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The growth of annuals sown in rice stubbleMuirhead, Warren Alexander. January 1967 (has links) (PDF)
Includes bibliography.
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Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) emergence under different residue management practices in perennial ryegrass and determination of resistant and susceptible annual bluegrass germination under controlled temperature and moistureSchuster, Matthew D. 03 December 1999 (has links)
With the loss of field burning the amount of crop residue that remains in
perennial ryegrass fields has increased. As the amount of crop residue remaining in the
field increases so does annual bluegrass. This has resulted in the increased use of
herbicides to control annual bluegrass. However, this increased use has also resulted in
herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass. Field experiments were initiated in 1997 to
investigate residue management options available to growers and their impacts on
annual bluegrass emergence. Two sites, Glaser and Wirth, were established with three
residue management treatments replicated four times. The treatments included full-straw,
bale/flail, and vacuum sweep. Perennial ryegrass seed yield and annual bluegrass
seed contamination were evaluated. The vacuum sweep treatment had lower annual
bluegrass emergence than the full-straw or the bale/flail treatments during the 1997-98
growing season, for both sites. The fall of 1998 was much drier than the fall of 1997.
Annual bluegrass emergence in all plots was lower in 1998 than in 1997 because of the
dry conditions. Fall emergence in 1998 was higher in the vacuum sweep treatment than
in the other two treatments, which may have been the result of better soil-seed contact
in the vacuum sweep treatment. Lower emergence in the spring at the Wirth site
compared to the Glaser site may have been due to narrow crop row spacing and cultivar
selection, which shaded the annual bluegrass. When growing seasons were combined,
there were no treatment differences. However, more emergence was observed in the
spring at the Glaser site compared to the Wirth site. Yield was highest for the vacuum
sweep treatment at the Glaser site in the 1998-99 growing season. However,
competition from volunteer perennial ryegrass in the full-straw and bale/flail treatments
could have accounted for this increase. No other differences in yield and no difference
in contamination among treatments were observed. However, contamination at the
Glaser site was higher in the 1998-99 growing season than in the 1997-98 growing
season.
Experiments were conducted in growth chambers to determine how differing
environmental conditions affect seed germination of diuron-susceptible and diuron-resistant
annual bluegrass. Cumulative germination for the susceptible-biotype
decreased from 96% to 88% while the resistant-biotype remained above 95% as
temperature decreased from 3 0/20 C to 10/2 C. The susceptible-biotype germinated
sooner than the resistant-biotype regardless of temperature. The susceptible-biotype
had a higher rate of germination than the resistant-biotype at 30/20 C, but not when the
temperature decreased to 10/2 C. Germination response to differing matric potentials
did not vary much within a biotype for a given soil type and temperature. Therefore,
parameters estimated at -1.03 MPa were chosen to contrast susceptible- and resistant biotypes,
and soil types, for each temperature. Maximum cumulative germination was greater than 96% for all treatments. When germination on a given soil type was
contrasted, differences were only seen for the susceptible biotype vs. resistant biotype
on Dayton soil; and the resistant biotype on Dayton soil vs. resistant biotype on
Woodburn soil at both temperatures. The lag in onset of germination was shorter for
the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on Woodburn soil than the
resistant biotype on Dayton soil at 30/20 C. At 18/5 C, the lag in onset of germination
was shorter for the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on
Woodburn soil than the resistant biotype on Dayton soil (P = 0.000 1 and 0.0001,
respectively). But the rate of germination was faster for the resistant biotype on Dayton
soil than both the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on Woodburn
soil at 18/5 C (P = 0.02 and 0.0004, respectively). The rate of germination did not
differ at 3 0/20 C. When just the soils were contrasted, at 18/5 C all annual bluegrass
seeds on the Woodburn soil germinated sooner and the rate of germination was higher
than on the Dayton soil. These results indicate that the hydraulic properties of the soils
may influence germination. However, this was not observed at 30/20 C. The results
suggest that the susceptible-biotype was more sensitive to temperature while the
resistant-biotype was more sensitive to moisture. Changing crop management in ways
that will reduce annual bluegrass emergence and establishment is needed. By altering
management strategies, growers may obtain more efficient and effective use of
herbicides, while reducing the selection of herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass. / Graduation date: 2000
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Physiological responses of creeping red fescue to stubble management and plant growth regulatorsMeints, Paul David 29 September 1997 (has links)
Legislation to reduce open field burning in grass seed fields within the Willamette
valley of western Oregon changed established production practices. In the creeping
grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca
rubra L.) non-thermal management resulted in reduced yield.
Studies were conducted to examine the effects of three stubble height treatments in
comparison to open field burning in creeping red fescue seed production. The effects of
light quality on characteristics of plant development were investigated in field and
controlled environments. Exogenous applications of plant growth regulators (PGR's)
were made to elucidate the causes of low seed yields observed without burning.
Field plots were prepared in fall of 1994, and 1995 in creeping red fescue
commercial production fields as well as at Hyslop research farm in 1995. Three cultivars
were included in the trial; Shademaster and Hector, which produce many rhizomes, and
Seabreeze which produces few rhizomes. The effects of stubble height, PGRs, and field
burning were measured during fall regrowth and flowering. Non-structural carbohydrates available for early regrowth were reduced when stubble was removed below 5.0 cm,
particularly in first-year stands. Fall tiller height was increased by stubble remaining and
was negatively correlated with flowering. Rhizome development was reduced when
stubble was removed mechanically or burned to the crown, whereas yield potential was
increased.
Fall ethylene application reduced fall tiller height, fall tiller number, and percent
fertile tillers the following spring and was similar to control treatment compared with
burn. Other PGRs did not produce consistent results in this study. Excess ethylene
produced by decaying stubble may impact floral induction and reduce yield potential in
creeping red fescue seed crops.
Light quality as measured by red:far-red ratio (R:FR) was reduced by canopy
closure during regrowth but not by the presence of stubble. In controlled environment
studies, red light (R) promoted taller tillers, greater stage of development, and greater
tiller number than far-red (FR) light. Sunlight enriched with FR completely inhibited
rhizome formation. Results suggest that environments with excess reflected FR may
negatively impact early development of creeping red fescue seed crops. / Graduation date: 1998
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Structural stability and Na-Ca exchange selectivity of soils under sugarcane trash management /Suriadi, Ahmad. January 2001 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- Dept. of Soil and Water, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, 2002? / Bibliography: leaves 105-129.
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Effect of rye residue on soil properties and nitrogen fertiization of cottonDucamp, Fernando, Arriaga, Francisco J., January 2008 (has links)
Thesis--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-134).
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