Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mathias de Abreu Lima Filho.pdf: 651942 bytes, checksum: 5aec5004514b77bb52b2eaf00712620e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-07 / The main purpose of this work is to set up a approach between Martin Heidegger s thought and Rainer Maria Rilkes s poetry, regarding what both conceive as Modernity s indigence , the situation of spiritual meaning emptiness in the contemporary man, in the post-Enlightenment and post-Industrial Revolution, age of growing hegemony s age of the science and technique. The authors mean, each one by his own way, that this contingency in the West history, does not result from circumstantial phenomena, but from the civilizing evolution of thinking, matrix of the way as today the man can look at, understand and live his reality today. The finishing of Metaphysics, pointed out by Heidegger as the forgetfullness of the being, through the power of technique, is the historical-philosophical substratum wich configures our destiny in this present time. This historial dimension, establishes for the man one specific order to deal with the life, exclusively objectal and determinist, wich prevents them for considering other horizons maybe more primordials of the human condition, like for instance, the love, the death and the indeterminate Open of the existence itself. Both authors, in retaking this indigence destiny, simultaneously beckon for a tourning move to another path wich can indicate man another glance of understanding towards life, a gesture wich could send us to an original ground. They catch a glimpse for the human destiny through the issues treated in their works, a knowledge and a saying different from those in effect in our techno-planetary reality. A knowledge alternative to the technique and calculations learning, able to think and receive the things of the world through listening, waiting and silence, beckoning for the meaning of a different destiny. And, a saying of a thought that resides near the poetry s song, being thus attentive to the world things permanent manifestation in the amplitude of the great Open of being / A intenção principal do trabalho é estabelecer uma aproximação entre o pensamento de Martin Heidegger e a poesia de Rainer Maria Rilke, no que tange ao que ambos concebem como indigência da Modernidade , a situação de vazio de sentido espiritual do homem contemporâneo, no pós-iluminismo e pós-revolução industrial, era de hegemonia crescente da ciência e da técnica. Entendem os autores, cada qual de modo próprio, que esta contingência na história do Ocidente, não decorre de fenômenos circunstanciais, porém da evolução civilizatória do pensamento, matriz do modo como hoje o homem pode olhar, compreender e viver sua realidade. O acabamento da Metafísica, apontado por Heidegger como o esquecimento do ser, através do poder da técnica, é o substrato histórico-filosófico que configura esse nosso atual destino. Esta dimensão historial determina para os homens uma forma própria de lidar com a vida, exclusivamente objetal e determinista, impedindo-os de considerar outros horizontes talvez mais primordiais da condição humana, como por exemplo, o amor, a morte e o próprio Aberto indeterminado da existência. Ambos os autores, retomando este destino de indigência, acenam simultaneamente para um movimento de viravolta , para um outro caminho que indique para o homem um outro olhar de compreensão para com a vida, gesto que pudesse nos remeter para um solo original. Eles vislumbram para o destino humano através dos temas abordados em suas obras, um saber e um dizer diferentes daqueles em vigor na nossa realidade tecno-planetária. Um saber alternativo ao conhecimento da técnica e do cálculo, que possa pensar e acolher as coisas do mundo na escuta, na espera e no silêncio, acenando para o sentido de um outro destino. E, um dizer de um pensamento que reside próximo do canto da poesia, sendo assim atento à manifestação permanente das coisas do mundo na amplitude do grande Aberto do ser

In his “Letter on Humanism,” Martin Heidegger conveys the importance he attributes to poetry when he states: “Language is the house of being” (“Letter” 239). In response to his early Jesuit education, he developed a secular alternative to theology with his existential phenomenology. Theology, poetry, and phenomenology share the basic concern of explaining the foundations of being. For Heidegger, ownership characterizes being in a fundamental way; in Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), he establishes the “Ereignis” (“event of appropriation”) as the foundation of being. Ownership lies at the core of being in his thinking following Being and Time. Yet his philosophy ignores the material circumstances of ownership. By way of a materialist critique of Heidegger’s Idealist phenomenology, I expose how property-relations are encoded in the modern poetry and philosophy of dwelling with the question: who owns the house of being? The answer lies in “self-possession,” which represents historical subjectivity as the struggle for the means of production. Paul Celan, T. S. Eliot, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Paul Valéry are all poets who address the relationship between being and ownership in expressing what Marx and Engels call the “language of real life” in The German Ideology (26). In 1927, Eliot converted to Anglicanism and found solace in the realm of faith; by opting for the theology of dispossession, he surrendered his historical subjectivity. Rilke thought that he could find refuge from the marketplace in aesthetic beauty and pure philosophy but eventually disabused himself of his illusion. Similarly, Valéry sought refuge in the space of thought; basing reality in the mind, he forsook the social realm as the site of contestation for gaining ownership over being. As a poet who distinguished himself from the Idealism of his predecessors, Celan developed a structure of dialogue based upon shared exchange on common ground. A materialist approach to the poetry and philosophy of dwelling exposes property-relations as the foundation of the house of being.

In his “Letter on Humanism,” Martin Heidegger conveys the importance he attributes to poetry when he states: “Language is the house of being” (“Letter” 239). In response to his early Jesuit education, he developed a secular alternative to theology with his existential phenomenology. Theology, poetry, and phenomenology share the basic concern of explaining the foundations of being. For Heidegger, ownership characterizes being in a fundamental way; in Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), he establishes the “Ereignis” (“event of appropriation”) as the foundation of being. Ownership lies at the core of being in his thinking following Being and Time. Yet his philosophy ignores the material circumstances of ownership. By way of a materialist critique of Heidegger’s Idealist phenomenology, I expose how property-relations are encoded in the modern poetry and philosophy of dwelling with the question: who owns the house of being? The answer lies in “self-possession,” which represents historical subjectivity as the struggle for the means of production. Paul Celan, T. S. Eliot, Rainer Maria Rilke, and Paul Valéry are all poets who address the relationship between being and ownership in expressing what Marx and Engels call the “language of real life” in The German Ideology (26). In 1927, Eliot converted to Anglicanism and found solace in the realm of faith; by opting for the theology of dispossession, he surrendered his historical subjectivity. Rilke thought that he could find refuge from the marketplace in aesthetic beauty and pure philosophy but eventually disabused himself of his illusion. Similarly, Valéry sought refuge in the space of thought; basing reality in the mind, he forsook the social realm as the site of contestation for gaining ownership over being. As a poet who distinguished himself from the Idealism of his predecessors, Celan developed a structure of dialogue based upon shared exchange on common ground. A materialist approach to the poetry and philosophy of dwelling exposes property-relations as the foundation of the house of being.

The scores here collected represent all the music heard in the recital of 3 April, 1995 (programme on p. iii), save "Shimmering Reflections on a Dark Carrall Street Night." This is an electroacoustic piece which does, however, appear on the accompanying recording.

Thesis (D. Min.)--San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1992. / Includes 90 original poems by the author. Includes bibliographical references (p. 218-225).

The scores here collected represent all the music heard in the recital of 3 April, 1995 (programme on p. iii), save "Shimmering Reflections on a Dark Carrall Street Night." This is an electroacoustic piece which does, however, appear on the accompanying recording. / Arts, Faculty of / Music, School of / Accompanied by sound cassette of recital. / Graduate

Cette thèse interroge le sens du mythe orphique dans la poésie de six auteurs européens du début du XXe siècle (Valéry, Rilke, Trakl, Apollinaire, Campana, Goll), et le sens de la poésie orphique dans la modernité. En partant du double constat d’une crise de la Weltanschauung signant la désertion de la transcendance et du sens, et d’une crise du langage héritée de Mallarmé, cette thèse définit la poésie orphique comme une tentative de ré-enchantement visant à refonder la place de l’être dans le monde, le sens de la mort et la profondeur ontologique de la poésie. La thèse pose la question de l’unité ou de l’éclatement d’un lyrisme orphique moderne. Elle propose une mise au point historique sur les sources de l’orphisme jusqu’au début du XXe siècle, puis un parcours analysant le passage de la mythologie à des poétiques orphiques parfois opposées dans leur aboutissement (réharmonisation de soi et du monde, catabase sans fin, démembrement du sujet, incarnation par l’orphisme de l’idée d’une poésie parfaitement composée). Cette thèse s’attache aussi à définir l’orphisme dans ses dimensions musicales et picturales, interroge les liens entre orphisme et union des arts, et étudie la langue musicalisée et picturalisée des poètes, ainsi que plusieurs œuvres vocales et plastiques (Honegger, Poulenc, Webern, Weill, Delaunay, Dufy, Klee, De Chirico). Enfin, considérant le mythe selon sa dimension fondatrice d’une manière d’être au monde, cette thèse envisage la poésie orphique du début du XXe siècle comme le signe et le moyen d’un désir de retour à une forme de rapport mythique au monde où l’être, dans le chant, coïnciderait avec le sacré et avec le dicible. / This thesis examines the meaning of the myth of Orpheus in the poetical works of six early twentieth century European poets, and the meaning of Orphic poetry within a context of modernity. Having taken into account a twofold crisis, both of the Weltanschauung – revealing that any sense, or transcendent reference, is missing – and of language (Mallarmé’s legacy), this thesis defines Orphic poetry as an attempt to re-enchant the world, in order to give new roots to the being, a new meaning to death, and a new ground to settle poetry’s ontological depth. The thesis tries to determine if such a lyricism is unique or manifold. It makes a historical mise au point from the sources of Orphism up to the twentieth century; then, it tries to describe the transformation of mythological elements into poetical principles – from which may even have issued contradictory achievements (setting back harmonious links between the world and the self; endless katabasis; dismemberment of the I; Orphic embodiment of a perfect poetry). Our thesis also tries to describe how Orphism is conveyed through music and painting: it questions the link between Orphism and the union of the arts, and studies the poet’s music-like and picture-like language, as well as some vocal or painted works (Honegger, Poulenc, Webern, Weill, Delaunay, Dufy, Klee, De Chirico). At last, as it considers myth as the settling of a new way of being-in-the-world, this thesis pictures early 20th century Orphic poetry both as the symptom and the way of a desire to get back some kind of mythical relationship to the world, in which the being, the sacred and the sayable, through the poetical song, would prove coextensive.

My D.Phil, dissertation sheds new light on German literary decadence around 1900, its universal concepts, plurality of discourses and poetic transformations. The heuristic value of my dissertation is a refined differentiation of Dekadenz which reconstructs the literary history of the concept and for the first time proposes specific poetic constellations. In chapter 1, decadence is reviewed with its rich research heritage and introduced as a decisive concept and discourse of aesthetic modernism. Although much has been written on decadence, the concept is clearly in need of scholarly reconsideration. I argue that decadence is not only a vague epochal construct and an ensemble of motifs, but also encompasses discourses, universal concepts and a versatile literary style. In view of the stylistic eclecticism around 1900, I argue that decadence is a dynamic and malleable concept which can be combined with other aesthetic styles, movements and philosophical contexts depending on the specific author. Chapter 2 contextualizes Dekadenz from its etymology and central discourses to its universal concepts. Etymologically derived from the Latin verb de-cadere decadence signifies a downward movement and a figure of fragmentation. It evokes cultural and political decline especially that of the Roman Empire (décadence romaine) and undergoes various aesthetic transformations (1857-1894). After touching upon the precursors Baudelaire (1857), Bourget (1883) and Bahr (1889-1894), I dwell on Nietzsche to demonstrate the philosophically complex German double evaluation of decadence. I derive three universal concepts from Nietzsche (health vs. sickness, endings vs. new beginnings, fragmentation vs. wholeness) which are crucial to my literary analysis. My comprehensive literary analysis centers on three specific poetic constellations of decadence between late realism and aesthetic modernism. Chapter 3 illuminates Mann's spätrealistische Dekadenz (1894-1924) with his (Nietzschean) double evaluations. Transformations of decadence are shown in his early novellas, Buddenbrooks, Der Tod in Venedig and Der Zauberberg. Chapter 4 illustrates Hofmannsthal's ästhetizistische Dekadenz (1891-1902) in his early essays, his prose fragment Age of Innocence and Das Märchen der 672. Nacht. A significant transformation of decadence is illuminated in Ein Brief (1902), where Nietzschean decadence is concentrated and tentatively overturned. In chapter 5, Rilke's modernistische Dekadenz (1898-1910) is shown from his early fragment Ewald Tragy to his only novel Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge. His novel attempts a poetic 'revaluation of all values' and culminates in the emergence of a genuinely modernist decadence.

Part 1: ‘True Receivers': Rilke and the Contemporary Poetics of Listening In this part of this thesis I argue that a contemporary ‘poetics of listening' has emerged in the UK, and explore the writing of three of our most significant poets - John Burnside, Kathleen Jamie and Don Paterson - to find out why they have become interested in the idea of the poet as a ‘listener'. I suggest that the appeal of this listening stance accounts for their engagement with the poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke, who thought of himself as a listening ‘receiver'; it is proposed that Rilke's notion of ‘receivership' and the way his poems relate to the earthly (or the ‘non-human') also account for the general ‘intensification' of interest in his work. An exploration of the shifting status of listening provides context for this study, and I pay particular attention to the way innovations in audio and communications technology influenced Rilke's late sequences the Duino Elegies and The Sonnets to Orpheus. A connection is made between Rilke's ‘listening poetics' and the ‘listening' stance of Ted Hughes and Edward Thomas; this establishes a ‘listening lineage' for the contemporary poets considered in the thesis. I also suggest that there are intriguing similarities between the ideas of listening that are emerging in contemporary poetics and Hélène Cixous' concept of ‘écriture féminine'. Exploring these similarities helps us to understand the implications of the stance of the poet-listener, which is a counter to the idea that as a writer you must ‘find your voice'. Finally, it is proposed that ‘a poetics of listening' would benefit from an enriched taxonomy. Part 2 of the thesis is a collection of my poems entitled ‘Small Weather'.