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Risk identification is the first step of risk management for construction projects. Project experts use many different methods to identify risk factors, such as decision trees, standard checklists, questionnaires and the Hazard and Operability procedure, but brainstorming sessions are among the most successful methods for identifying risks offering advantages not encountered in any of the others identification methods. Although the brainstorming technique is widespread in the construction industry, it typically is not used to its full capacity. This may be due to brainstorming literature ambiguity, variations in reporting technique usage in the literature, and lack of a methodology outlining the use of the brainstorming technique specifically for risk identification purposes. In this thesis, the merits, procedures, and appropriate applications of the brainstorming technique are outlined. Implications of the session, the session leader, the participants, and the output are explored, and best practices for risk identification brainstorming sessions are identified. / Construction Engineering and Management

Submitted by Pedro Henrique Rodrigues (pedro.henriquer@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-05T18:53:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Liliane.pdf: 2808869 bytes, checksum: 6681e2b17bafbf1b2fb94a8f0d2ad701 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:53:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Liliane.pdf: 2808869 bytes, checksum: 6681e2b17bafbf1b2fb94a8f0d2ad701 (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / CAPES, CNPQ / One recurrent issue in software development is the effective creation of testcases from requirements. Several techniques and methods are applied to minimize the risks associated with test cases building, aiming to meet the requirements specified correctly. Risks identification for requirements assessment is essential to tests cases generation. However, test engineers still face difficulties to apply it in practice due to the lack of solid knowledge about Risk Management activities and tool support for such activities. This work proposes a technique that helps test engineers in risk identification from requirements for software testing. From studies that used the similarity concept to compare software projects in order to reuse previously identified risks, the developed technique uses the same assertion applied to requirements. Within this context, this work aims to: (i) to define a technique based on analogies by categorizing requirements, thus being able to identify risks through a database of similar requirements, and (ii) to reuse risks previously identified at requirements for the evaluation of new requirements.

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abstract: This study seeks to develop a framework that can help firms in China’s guarantee industry to better identify and prevent risk when they offer guarantee services to small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). With the continuously increasing demands of SME financing, the guarantee industry has developed rapidly in China. Meanwhile, the turmoil in global financial markets and the significant slowdown of global economy have started to have a negative impact on China’s economy, increasing the risk exposure of China’s guarantee industry. In this context, risk identification and prevention becomes the core competence of a guarantee company. Based on a review of the existing research, two in-depth case studies, and the author’s personal experiences in this industry, this paper does not only provide a comprehensive list of the risks that guarantee firms face in China but also measures for risk identification and prevention. This thesis is organized as follows. First, I provide a brief description about the emergence and development of China’s guarantee industry, as well as its current status. Next, I explain what kinds of risks faced by guarantee firms in China that influence their performance and survival, and summarize the various external and internal risk factors. I also conduct one in-depth case analysis to illustrate how a guarantee firm can better identify the risks it is exposed to. Next, on the basis of another in-depth case analysis, I develop a framework that can help guarantee firms to systematically develop effective measures of risk identification and prevention. I conclude with a discussion of this study’s implications for guarantee firms and the regulatory governmental agencies in China. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2016

M.Ing. / Risk is an integral part of engineering projects, and it is necessary to manage the risks in order to ensure that the project achieves its objectives. A key part of the risk management effort is the risk identification aspect. This dissertation discusses risk identification and how it forms part of risk and project management. The dissertation builds from a macroscopic view of project management, which includes the phases in the project life cycle, the project structure and project control processes. This is followed by a focus on risk management within the project management framework, exploring how identifying, quantifying and controlling risks form part of the risk management structure. Next is an investigation into a risk identification framework, expanding on how aspects like hazard and peril identification, planning, staffing and resource allocation form part of the risk identification framework. A case study is then used to further explore risk identification and demonstrate it in practical engineering project management. Finally, recommendations to improve risk identification in project risk management are made.

The master thesis deals with the issue of risk management in a selected business entity. The subject of the research is the risks of the selected entity. The object of the research is a Slovak company with the changed name Betolta, a.s., that main activity is the production of reinforced concrete precast units. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The thesis deals in more detail with the current state of the researched issues, identification, analysis and evaluation of risks using the methods of strategic situational analysis. The conclusion of the work deals with proposals and recommendations for improving the identified situation.

The aim of this exploratory study was to determine whether there was any significance to the proposition that the ability of individuals to assess entrepreneurial risks differed between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, with a particular focus on the risk identification and risk prioritisation abilities.A survey strategy was followed which made use of a case study exercise to ascertain what risks the sample groups of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs identified. Demographics and other risk variables, such as risk propensity and risk perception, were also excluded to provide context and eliminate certain alternative explanations.No significant differences were found between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs with respect the risks that they identified in the case study exercise. Entrepreneurs perceived the case study as more favourable and had a higher risk propensity. Entrepreneurs also found the case study exercise more difficult than non-entrepreneurs. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Infrastructure projects, based on the Build-Operate-Transfer, (BOT), method, have been of interest to governments of developed and developing countries for some time, resulting in their worldwide use. Using the BOT method enables governments to reallocate risks and rewards to the private sector for larger infrastructure projects throughout the projects' operating life. In order to implement a BOT infrastructure project successfully, one of the essential requirements is to carry out a thorough analysis of risks relating to the project including the social, economic, environmental, political, legal, and the financial aspects. Due to the fact that the type of risk study required for large-scale projects is so sophisticated, and therefore expensive and time consuming, the government, due to lack of expertise and time, often obtains a project viability study from the private sector. This can cause problems in that the private sector may incur financial losses or even bankruptcy, unless the host government guarantees compensation to the losers of the bid. Because all parties have different targets which they wish to achieve from the project, a may conflict arise and cause lengthy negotiations, sometimes lasting for years which often result in the death of the project. The greatest opportunity for a successful outcome for a BOT project is obtained when the extensive efforts and costs involved in the risk study process are shared by all parties. The responsibility of the decision maker is to identify, understand and analyze the many risk factors both, qualitative, (linguistic in nature) and quantitative, that will affect funding, procurement, developing, construction and operation, before proceeding with the build stage of the project. Firstly, it is necessary to evaluate the quantitative Risk Factors subjectively, and list them in order of importance. Secondly, conduct an evaluation of the qualitative factors and since the consideration of qualitative factors is subjective, the decision maker will often limit the number of factors being evaluated possibly resulting in inconsistent results. This study proposes a decision framework, which would be useful in determining the influence of the qualitative Risk Factors on the project management of BOT infrastructure projects. A methodology is provided to enable the identification of interrelationships between the Risk Factors and their influence on the project. Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques, which model the relationships between the Risk Factors, a validation of this approach will be sought using a decomposed evaluation method and also information obtained from three existing case studies, (the Channel Tunnel, Sulaibiya Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Plant and Marsa Allam Airport). The results of the decomposed approach were compared to experts' holistic evaluations for the same case studies mentioned above. The findings indicate that the decomposed approach showed a strong correlation to the holistic approach. An evaluation of the risks for the Sulaibiya Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Plant study is provided and suggestions made to highlight risks attached to such a project before it is actually undertaken. Using the decomposed approach enables the decision maker to see the contribution of each risk compared to all of the risks in the total project and will help to determine and subsequently minimize or preventing any risk factors and so considerably improving the risk management of the project.

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och analysera riskhantering av projektrisker och finansiella risker i infrastrukturprojektet Varbergstunneln under planeringsfasen där två aktörer har studerats, Trafikverket och Varbergs kommunala verksamhet, och deras perspektiv på riskhantering och hur dessa aktörers perspektiv skiljer sig åt för att få förståelse för hur olika typer av risker och aktörer riskhanterar utifrån deras perspektiv i ett infrastrukturprojekt. Bakgrund och problem: Trafikverkets uppgift är att se till att tågen kommer i tid, transporter sker så säkert som möjligt och med minsta möjliga miljöpåverkan. Tillsammans med andra aktörer ska de se till att den bästa möjliga samhällsnyttan skapas för pengarna. Den 21 mars 2013 kom regeringens tillåtlighetsbeslut för delprojektet genom Varberg för att bygga ut järnvägen från enkelspårig till dubbelspårig. Detta är en av de största utmaningarna i Varbergs kommun där den kommunala och den statliga planeringen måste gå hand i hand. Det finns stora risker kopplat till infrastrukturprojekt men det finns också stor möjlighet till samhällsekonomisk lönsamhet. Att identifiera risker kräver ett generellt tillvägagångsätt eftersom att individer inte innehar all den informationen som krävs för att veta vart alla diverse risker befinner sig i verksamheten. Problemet med riskvärdering är att kunskapen om vilka som påverkar vid tunnelprojekt är knappa. Verksamheter behöver hantera risker och verksamheter som inte gör det är mer sårbara om de ignorerar risk, betraktar risk som deras fiende eller endast planerar för en enda framtid. Forskningsfråga: Hur utförs riskhantering av projektrisker och finansiella risker i infrastrukturprojektet Varbergstunneln under planeringsfasen? Metod: Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie där vi som författare har använt en induktiv ansats. Empirin har samlats in från tre olika intervjuer kopplat till Varbergstunneln.  Resultat: Den största skillnaden mellan aktörerna är omfattningen av riskhanteringen och hur de metodiskt arbetar. Trafikverket genomför ett mycket större riskhanteringsarbete än Varbergs kommunala verksamhet. Riskidentifieringen är mer likartat mellan aktörerna, skillnaden är hur de metodiskt arbetar. Riskvärderingen är kvalitativ hos Trafikverket och kvantitativt hos Varbergs kommunala verksamhet. Hantering av risk genomförs inte på något metodiskt sätt hos Varbergs kommunala verksamhet, det enda som hanteras är ränterisker medan Trafikverket hanterar alla risker och genomför detta på ett metodiskt sätt. Slutsats: Riskhanteringen utförs på olika sätt beroende på vilket perspektiv aktören har och vilken typ av risk som riskhanteras. Riskhanteringen kan vara antingen metodisk eller icke-metodisk. Vår uppfattning är att detta beror på aktörens ansvar och hur komplicerat riskhanteringen är för aktören. Vilket perspektiv aktören har anser vi påverka om aktören är långsiktig eller kortsiktig. Trafikverket ska endast bli klar med projekteringen av tunneln medan Varbergs kommunala verksamhet ska leva med den i generationer framöver. / Purpose: The purpose is to describe and analyze the risk management of project risks and financial risks in the infrastructure project Varberg tunnel during the planning phase, in which two players have been studied, the Swedish Transport Administration and the Varberg municipal operations, and their perspective on risk management and how these actors' perspectives differ in order to get an understanding of how different types of risks and stakeholder risk manage from their perspective in an infrastructure project. Background and problem: The Swedish Transport Administration task is to ensure that trains arrive on time, transport is done as safely as possible and with the least possible environmental impact. Together with other stakeholders they will ensure that the best possible social utility is created for the money. On 21 March 2013, the government's admissibility decision of subprojects through Varberg to extend the railway from single track to double track. This is one of the biggest challenges in Varberg municipality, where the municipal and state planning must go hand in hand. There are considerable risks associated with infrastructure projects but there are also great opportunities for socio-economic profitability. To identify risks requires a general approach because the individuals do not possess all the information necessary to know where all the various risks are within the activity. The problem with risk assessment is that the knowledge of the risks affecting the tunnel project are scarce and therefore entails difficulty in valuing them. Businesses need to manage risks, and businesses that ignore the risk, consider the risk as their enemy or plan for just one future are more vulnerable. Research issue: How is risk management of project risks and financial risks in the infrastructure project Varberg tunnel during the planning phase? Methodology: This thesis is a qualitative study that uses an inductive approach. The empirical data is collected from three different interviews linked to the Varberg tunnel. Result: The main difference between the stakeholders is the scope of risk management. The Swedish Transport Administration is implementing a much larger risk management than the municipality of Varberg. Risk identification is more similar between the stakeholders, the difference is how they methodically work. Risk assessment is qualitative at the Swedish Transport Administration and quantitative at Varberg municipality. Management of risk is carried out not in any methodical way at Varberg municipality, the only manage interest rate risks while the Transport Administration manages all risks and implement this in a methodical way. Conclusions: Risk management is carried out in different ways depending on the perspective of the stakeholder and the type of risk that is risk managed. Risk management can be either methodological or non-methodical. Our view is that this is due to the stakeholder’s responsibility and the complexity of risk management for the stakeholder. Which perspective stakeholders have, we believe, affect if the stakeholder have a long term or short term perspective. The Swedish Transport Administration will only be done with projecting of the tunnel while the municipality of Varberg has to live with it in generations to come.