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Planning strategies to reduce rural-urban disparities in developing countries, with particular reference to Iran / Ali A. Taghvaee.Taghvaee, Ali A. (Ali Akbar) January 1995 (has links)
Bibliography: leaves 237-254. / xxi, 276 leaves : ill. (some col.), maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis asserts that rural-urban disparities and inequalities contribute to over-urbanisation and rural backwardness in developing countries. It also acknowledges that developed countries have minimised rural-urban disparities and inequalities through the provision and expansion of various urban services and facilities in rural areas. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Design, 1996?
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Rural out-migration and rural development in Iran : implications for the roles of infrastructure in case of Hamadan provinceSarrafi, Mozaffar 05 1900 (has links)
Large scale rural out-migration has gained momentum over the past four decades in Iran,
contributing to urbanization at unprecedented rates. In the wake of the Islamic
Revolution, it was recognized that in order to reduce reliance on oil revenues and foster
self-sufficiency and social equity, it was essential to ensure the viability of agriculture and
rural settlements. As a part of this new strategy, a rural infrastructure provision policy
(RIPP) was undertaken in order to bring about rural prosperity and to curb out-migration.
Yet, the plight of villagers and out-migration persist.
This dissertation focuses on the village end of the problem, and on permanent outmigration
in post-revolutionary Iran. It investigates the causes of rural out-migration and
their impacts on the remaining rural households. Further, it examines the potential of
RIPP to reduce out-migration and enhance village viability.
In terms of methodology, a cross-analysis was conducted at the levels of individual,
household, and community. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were
employed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. While the latter
served analysis needs at the macro-level, the former, which included case studies in five
villages in Hamadan Province, served those at the micro- and meso-levels.
The macro-level analysis reveals population pressure on agricultural resources and rural-urban
disparities as the overriding causes of rural out-migration in Iran. Correspondingly,
the micro- and meso-level analyses: (a) highlight the critical importance of the middle
strata (MS) for the future viability of rural Iran; (b) identify household insecurity, resulting
from precarious and uncertain rural livelihoods as the root cause of out-migration for MS;
and (c) suggest that the ongoing migration of youth from MS must be contained to ensure
the next generation of farmers. Finally, five roles are identified for RIPP to target the
overriding causes as well as those pertaining specifically to MS.
While there is need for policy changes in the macro-economic sphere in Iran, RIPP has the
potential to reduce rural out-migration. More fundamentally, it suggests that it is not
merely the presence of physical infrastructure and its direct role, but rather an effectively
functioning social infrastructure and its intermediary roles that are vital to curbing
excessive out-migration and ensuring village viability.
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Rural out-migration and rural development in Iran : implications for the roles of infrastructure in case of Hamadan provinceSarrafi, Mozaffar 05 1900 (has links)
Large scale rural out-migration has gained momentum over the past four decades in Iran,
contributing to urbanization at unprecedented rates. In the wake of the Islamic
Revolution, it was recognized that in order to reduce reliance on oil revenues and foster
self-sufficiency and social equity, it was essential to ensure the viability of agriculture and
rural settlements. As a part of this new strategy, a rural infrastructure provision policy
(RIPP) was undertaken in order to bring about rural prosperity and to curb out-migration.
Yet, the plight of villagers and out-migration persist.
This dissertation focuses on the village end of the problem, and on permanent outmigration
in post-revolutionary Iran. It investigates the causes of rural out-migration and
their impacts on the remaining rural households. Further, it examines the potential of
RIPP to reduce out-migration and enhance village viability.
In terms of methodology, a cross-analysis was conducted at the levels of individual,
household, and community. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were
employed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources. While the latter
served analysis needs at the macro-level, the former, which included case studies in five
villages in Hamadan Province, served those at the micro- and meso-levels.
The macro-level analysis reveals population pressure on agricultural resources and rural-urban
disparities as the overriding causes of rural out-migration in Iran. Correspondingly,
the micro- and meso-level analyses: (a) highlight the critical importance of the middle
strata (MS) for the future viability of rural Iran; (b) identify household insecurity, resulting
from precarious and uncertain rural livelihoods as the root cause of out-migration for MS;
and (c) suggest that the ongoing migration of youth from MS must be contained to ensure
the next generation of farmers. Finally, five roles are identified for RIPP to target the
overriding causes as well as those pertaining specifically to MS.
While there is need for policy changes in the macro-economic sphere in Iran, RIPP has the
potential to reduce rural out-migration. More fundamentally, it suggests that it is not
merely the presence of physical infrastructure and its direct role, but rather an effectively
functioning social infrastructure and its intermediary roles that are vital to curbing
excessive out-migration and ensuring village viability. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate
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Pastoralists, participation and policy : an action oriented, systemic and participatory approach to improve the relationships between pastoralist nomads, government and natural resources in IranEmadi, Mohammad H., University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture, School of Agriculture and Rural Development January 1995 (has links)
The study focuses on the relationships between nomads, the government and the natural resource base of Iran as a problematical situation. The research approach adopted was action-oriented with an emphasis on the process of development through the integration of theory with practice in a critical learning system designed to improve the situation and emphasising the significance of systemic thinking and acting.The underlying rationale for the approach is that the relatively limited achievements in nomadic development and natural conservation to date stem from the fact that policies are: (a) based on a reductionist view point and analysis, which separates theory from practice, and neglects the diversity, complexity and recursiveness of the different dimensions of nomadic life; and (b) developed on the basis of government perceptions of the nature of the issues confronting nomads rather than on the basis of shared concerns with the nomads themselves. There were three phases of fieldwork which, when taken together, represent what might be termed a system of systemic research methodologies. The first phase of the fieldwork was an attempt to explore the problematic situation from the point of view of particular group of nomads and government agents. The second phase of research turned to an action-oriented approach to establish the process of conversation and mutual recognition and accommodation of change among ‘clients’ and the researcher as facilitator to help each group of participants (nomads and government) to understand their own position and worldviews, to help each group of participants to recognise and appreciate differences in their positions, perceptions, and to establish a framework for action and improving the situation within each group could benefit in a reciprocal manner. The third phase of research focused on the learning organisation as a strategy to improve relationships. The recursive nature of the research, both in terms of relationship between theory and practice and also its three phases, is reflected in the structure of the thesis. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Livelihood dependency and management on semiarid oak forests : the case of southern Zagros, Iran /Salehi, Alireza, January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.
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