Magister Scientiae - MSc / Text communication is often perceived as lacking some components of communication that are essential in sustaining interaction or conversation. This interaction incoherency tends to make text communication plastic. It is traditionally devoid of intonation, pitch, gesture, facial expression and visual or auditory cues. Nevertheless, Instant Messaging (IM), a form of text communication is on the upward uptake both on PCs and on mobile handhelds. There is a need to rubberise this plastic text messaging to improve co-presence for text communications thereby improving synchronous textual discussion, especially on handheld devices. One element of interaction is gesture, seen as a natural way of conversing. Attaining some level of interaction naturalism requires improving synchronous communication spontaneity, partly achieved by enhancing input mechanisms. To enhance input mechanisms for interactive text-based chat on mobile devices, there is a need to facilitate gesture input. Enhancement is achievable in a number of ways, such as input mechanism redesigning and input offering adaptation. This thesis explores affective gesture mode on interface redesign as an input offering adaptation. This is done without a major physical reconstruction of handheld devices. This thesis presents a text only IM system built on Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and SIP for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE). It was developed with a novel user-defined hotkey implemented as a one-click context menu to "fast-track" text-gestures and emoticons. A hybrid quantitative and qualitative approach was taken to enable data triangulation. Results from experimental trials show that an Affective Gesture (AG) approach improved IM chat spontaneity/response. Feedback from the user trials affirms that AG hotkey improves chat responsiveness, thus enhancing chat spontaneity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro de Oliveira.pdf: 193949 bytes, checksum: eed1e6f845a48608924299a2296b13aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / The use of reactive rock phosphates, with gradual and continuous availability of phosphorus in the soil solution may be an alternative to ensure the productivity of the plant and ratoon cane and reduce the formation of labile P not. A blend of phosphate fertilizers with different solubilities may be a strategy to provide readily available P in order to plant sugarcane productivity and to provide P that will be available over the years, because only the use of soluble phosphates in planting sugarcane can unavailable phosphorus the development, maturation of sugarcane plant and ratoon due to fixation by soil. Furthermore, there may be the effect of changes mineral source of P due to the presence of organic fertilizers. Thus, the present work was to study the best ratio in the production of phosphate fertilizers plant cane, and determining the effect of the filter cake mixed with these sources of minerals P, Super Single (SS) and the Natural Phosphate Arad (FNA), and evaluate biometric parameters, technological and production of cane sugar. The experiment was conducted at the Campus II of the University of the West Paulista - UNOESTE in Presidente Prudente-SP, in a soil classified as Typic dystroferric between March 2011 and June 2012. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot, as the plots formed by the application of 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 via superphosphate (SS) and (or) phosphate Arad reactive (FNA). And the subplots were composed by the presence or absence of filter cake (TF). Thus, treatments were: 1) 100% SS with TF; 2) 100% SS without TF; 3) 66% 33% SS and ANF, with TF, 4) 66% 33% SS and ANF, without TF; 5) 33% SS and 66% FNA, with TF; 6) 33% SS and 66% FNA without TF; 7) 100% FNA, with TF; 8) 100% FNA without TF, all applied in the furrow planting. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and t test comparison of means at 5% probability. The total or partial replacement of the soluble source of phosphorus by a source less reactive did not alter the productivity of the sugar cane plant, regardless of the presence or absence of filter cake. Fertilization at planting with 66% of the dose and the remainder with Super Simple Natural Phosphate Arad increased levels of available P in soil. No effect of phosphorus sources and filter cake on technological parameters of sugar cane cut first. The use of filter cake did not increase the productivity of the sugar cane plant, independent of the phosphorus source used. / A utilização de fosfatos naturais reativos, com disponibilização gradual e contínua de fósforo para a solução do solo pode ser uma alternativa para garantir a produtividade da cana planta e das soqueiras e reduzir a formação de P não lábil. A mistura entre adubos fosfatados com solubilidades distintas pode ser uma estratégia para fornecer P prontamente disponível, visando a produtividade da cana planta e para fornecer P que estará disponível ao longo dos anos, pois somente o uso de fosfatos solúveis no plantio da cana pode indisponibilizar fósforo no desenvolvimento, maturação da cana-planta e das soqueiras devido à fixação pelo solo. Além disso, pode haver alteração do efeito da fonte mineral de P em função da presença de fertilizantes orgânicos. Assim, presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a melhor proporção entre adubos fosfatados na produção de cana-planta, bem como, verificar o efeito da torta de filtro em mistura com essas fontes minerais de P, o Super Simples (SS) e o Fosfato Natural Arad (FNA), e avaliar parâmetros biométricos, tecnológicos, diagnose foliar e produtivos da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, em Presidente Prudente-SP, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico, entre março de 2011 e junho de 2012. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas pela aplicação de 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5 via superfosfato simples (SS) e (ou) fosfato natural reativo de Arad (FNA). E as subparcelas foram compostas pela presença ou ausência de torta de filtro (TF). Assim, os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1) 100% SS, com TF; 2) 100% SS, sem TF; 3) 66% SS e 33% FNA, com TF; 4) 66% SS e 33% FNA, sem TF; 5) 33% SS e 66% FNA, com TF; 6) 33% SS e 66% FNA, sem TF; 7) 100% FNA, com TF; 8) 100% FNA, sem TF, todos aplicados no sulco de plantio. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste t de comparação de médias ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A substituição total ou parcial da fonte solúvel de fósforo por uma fonte menos reativa não alterou a produtividade da cana planta, independente da presença ou não de torta de filtro. A adubação no sulco de plantio com 66% da dose com Super Simples e o restante com Fosfato Natural de Arad aumentou os teores de P disponível no solo. Não houve efeito das fontes de fósforo e da torta de filtro nos parâmetros tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar de primeiro corte. O uso de torta de filtro não aumentou a produtividade da cana planta, independente da fonte de fósforo utilizada.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro de Oliveira.pdf: 193949 bytes, checksum: eed1e6f845a48608924299a2296b13aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-07 / The use of reactive rock phosphates, with gradual and continuous availability of phosphorus in the soil solution may be an alternative to ensure the productivity of the plant and ratoon cane and reduce the formation of labile P not. A blend of phosphate fertilizers with different solubilities may be a strategy to provide readily available P in order to plant sugarcane productivity and to provide P that will be available over the years, because only the use of soluble phosphates in planting sugarcane can unavailable phosphorus the development, maturation of sugarcane plant and ratoon due to fixation by soil. Furthermore, there may be the effect of changes mineral source of P due to the presence of organic fertilizers. Thus, the present work was to study the best ratio in the production of phosphate fertilizers plant cane, and determining the effect of the filter cake mixed with these sources of minerals P, Super Single (SS) and the Natural Phosphate Arad (FNA), and evaluate biometric parameters, technological and production of cane sugar. The experiment was conducted at the Campus II of the University of the West Paulista - UNOESTE in Presidente Prudente-SP, in a soil classified as Typic dystroferric between March 2011 and June 2012. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications in a split plot, as the plots formed by the application of 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 via superphosphate (SS) and (or) phosphate Arad reactive (FNA). And the subplots were composed by the presence or absence of filter cake (TF). Thus, treatments were: 1) 100% SS with TF; 2) 100% SS without TF; 3) 66% 33% SS and ANF, with TF, 4) 66% 33% SS and ANF, without TF; 5) 33% SS and 66% FNA, with TF; 6) 33% SS and 66% FNA without TF; 7) 100% FNA, with TF; 8) 100% FNA without TF, all applied in the furrow planting. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and t test comparison of means at 5% probability. The total or partial replacement of the soluble source of phosphorus by a source less reactive did not alter the productivity of the sugar cane plant, regardless of the presence or absence of filter cake. Fertilization at planting with 66% of the dose and the remainder with Super Simple Natural Phosphate Arad increased levels of available P in soil. No effect of phosphorus sources and filter cake on technological parameters of sugar cane cut first. The use of filter cake did not increase the productivity of the sugar cane plant, independent of the phosphorus source used. / A utilização de fosfatos naturais reativos, com disponibilização gradual e contínua de fósforo para a solução do solo pode ser uma alternativa para garantir a produtividade da cana planta e das soqueiras e reduzir a formação de P não lábil. A mistura entre adubos fosfatados com solubilidades distintas pode ser uma estratégia para fornecer P prontamente disponível, visando a produtividade da cana planta e para fornecer P que estará disponível ao longo dos anos, pois somente o uso de fosfatos solúveis no plantio da cana pode indisponibilizar fósforo no desenvolvimento, maturação da cana-planta e das soqueiras devido à fixação pelo solo. Além disso, pode haver alteração do efeito da fonte mineral de P em função da presença de fertilizantes orgânicos. Assim, presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar a melhor proporção entre adubos fosfatados na produção de cana-planta, bem como, verificar o efeito da torta de filtro em mistura com essas fontes minerais de P, o Super Simples (SS) e o Fosfato Natural Arad (FNA), e avaliar parâmetros biométricos, tecnológicos, diagnose foliar e produtivos da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi conduzido no Campus II da Universidade do Oeste Paulista - UNOESTE, em Presidente Prudente-SP, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho distroférrico, entre março de 2011 e junho de 2012. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas pela aplicação de 150 kg ha-1 de P2O5 via superfosfato simples (SS) e (ou) fosfato natural reativo de Arad (FNA). E as subparcelas foram compostas pela presença ou ausência de torta de filtro (TF). Assim, os tratamentos foram os seguintes: 1) 100% SS, com TF; 2) 100% SS, sem TF; 3) 66% SS e 33% FNA, com TF; 4) 66% SS e 33% FNA, sem TF; 5) 33% SS e 66% FNA, com TF; 6) 33% SS e 66% FNA, sem TF; 7) 100% FNA, com TF; 8) 100% FNA, sem TF, todos aplicados no sulco de plantio. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste t de comparação de médias ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A substituição total ou parcial da fonte solúvel de fósforo por uma fonte menos reativa não alterou a produtividade da cana planta, independente da presença ou não de torta de filtro. A adubação no sulco de plantio com 66% da dose com Super Simples e o restante com Fosfato Natural de Arad aumentou os teores de P disponível no solo. Não houve efeito das fontes de fósforo e da torta de filtro nos parâmetros tecnológicos da cana-de-açúcar de primeiro corte. O uso de torta de filtro não aumentou a produtividade da cana planta, independente da fonte de fósforo utilizada.

A representação de imagem baseada em superpixels tem se tornado indispensável na melhoria da eficiência em sistemas de Visão Computacional. Reconhecimento de objetos, segmentação, estimativa de profundidade e estimativa de modelo corporal são alguns importantes problemas nos quais superpixels podem ser aplicados. Porém, superpixels podem influenciar a qualidade dos resultados do sistema positiva ou negativamente, dependendo de quão bem eles respeitam as fronteiras dos objetos na imagem. Neste trabalho, é proposto um método iterativo para geração de superpixels, conhecido por IFT-SLIC, baseado em sequências de Transformadas Imagem-Floresta, começando com uma grade regular de sementes. Um procedimento de recomputação de pixels sementes é aplicado a cada iteração, gerando superpixels conexos com melhor aderência às bordas dos objetos presentes na imagem. Os superpixels obtidos via IFT-SLIC correspondem, estruturalmente, a árvores de espalhamento enraizadas nessas sementes, que naturalmente definem superpixels como regiões de pixels fortemente conexas. Comparadas ao Agrupamento Iterativo Linear Simples (SLIC), o IFT-SLIC considera os custos dos caminhos mínimos entre pixels e os centros dos agrupamentos, em vez de suas distâncias diretas. Funções de conexidade não monotonicamente incrementais são exploradas em neste método resultando em melhor desempenho. Estudos experimentais indicam resultados de extração de superpixels superiores pelo método proposto em comparação com o SLIC. Também é analisada a efetividade do IFT-SLIC, em termos de medidas de eficiência e acurácia, em uma aplicação de segmentação do céu em fotos de paisagens. Os resultados mostram que o IFT-SLIC é competitivo com os melhores métodos do estado da arte e superior a muitos outros, motivando seu desenvolvimento para diferentes aplicações. / Image representation based on superpixels has become indispensable for improving efficiency in Computer Vision systems. Object recognition, segmentation, depth estimation, and body model estimation are some important problems where superpixels can be applied. However, superpixels can influence the quality of the system results in a positive or negative manner, depending on how well they respect the object boundaries in the image. In this work, we propose an iterative method for superpixels generation, known as IFT-SLIC, which is based on sequences of Image Foresting Transforms, starting with a regular grid for seed sampling. A seed pixel recomputation procedure is applied per each iteration, generating connected superpixels with a better adherence to objects borders present in the image. The superpixels obtained by IFT-SLIC structurally correspond to spanning trees rooted at those seeds, that naturally define superpixels as regions of strongly connected pixels. Compared to Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC), IFT-SLIC considers minimum path costs between pixel and cluster centers rather than their direct distances. Non-monotonically increasing connectivity functions are explored in our IFT-SLIC approach leading to improved performance. Experimental results indicate better superpixel extraction by the proposed approach in comparation to that of SLIC. We also analyze the effectiveness of IFT-SLIC, according to efficiency, and accuracy on an application -- namely sky segmentation. The results show that IFT-SLIC can be competitive to the best state-of-the-art methods and superior to many others, which motivates it\'s further development for different applications.

Soient $X$ et $Y$ des variétés au dessus d’un corps $F$. Dans de nombreuses situations, il s’avère important de savoir si un cycle algébrique modulo équivalence rationnelle y sur Y, défini au dessus du corps des fonctions $F(X)$ de $X$, est en fait déjà défini au niveau du corps de base $F$. Dans cet essai, on traite de cette question, en faisant varier la variété $X$ parmi des variétés telles que des quadriques, des variétés projectives homogènes ou des espaces principaux homogènes. Dans chaque situation, on utilise des outils appropriés tels que les opérations de Steenrod, des résultats de décomposition motivique, ou certains invariants cohomologiques de groupes algébriques. / Let $X$ and $Y$ be some varieties over a field $F$. In many situations, it is important to know if an algebraic cycle modulo rational equivalence $y$ on $Y$ defined over the function field $F(X)$ of $X$ is actually defined over the base field $F$. In this dissertation, we study that matter, making the variety $X$ vary among varieties such as quadrics, projective homogeneous varieties or principal homogeneous spaces. In each situation, we use appropriate tools, such as Steenrod operations, motivic decomposition results or cohomological invariants of algebraic groups.

This paper criticises the famous “”ought” implies “can”” on the grounds that its main claim - that there can be no unfulfillable obligations - is false. The first part of the paper investigates the use, history and previous literature on the topic, as well as the proper understanding of the principle. The second part presents the main argument, directed at the interpretation of “”ought” implies “can”” as a conceptual truth. It is argued that it must be possible to split the meaning of the term “ought” into component parts, parts that must each be quite capable of functioning on their own. The result is that we cannot conclude that one part of the term “ought” (such as whatever is its moral content) must disappear just because another part of it (such as “can”) does so. Finally, in the third part, we tackle some common arguments and intuitions in favour of the principle, and provides a few concluding words and a summary. / Den här uppsatsen kritiserar den berömda “”bör” implicerar “kan””-principen, (här tolkad som “konceptuell implikation), på så vis att principens viktigaste punkt är falsk, nämligen idén att det inte kan finnas några ouppnåbara plikter. Uppsatsens första del undersöker användningen, historien och litteraturen bakom ämnet, samt formuleringen av principen. Den andra delen presenterar huvudargumentet, riktat mot ””bör” implicerar ”kan”” som en konceptuell sanning. Argumentet fungerar på så vis att det måste vara möjligt att dela upp meningen i termen ”borde/bör” i komponenter, komponenter som måste vara kapabla att fungera även på egen hand. Resultatet blir att vi inte kan dra slutsatsen att en del av termen måste försvinna (såsom dess moraliska innehåll) bara för att en annan del av termen (såsom ”kan”) gör det. Slutligen, i den tredje delen, så behandlar vi några vanliga argument och intuition som förs fram till principens försvar, och summerar texten.

Detta arbete presenterar en icke-destruktiv metod för att detektera och klassificera mognadsgraden hos äpplen med användning av hyperspektrala bilder. Fastställning av mognadsgraden hos äpplen är intressant för bland annat äppelodlare och musterier vid lagring och beredning. Äpplens mognadsgrad är även intressant inom växtförädling. För att fastställa mognadsgraden idag krävs att det skärs i frukten, en så kallad destruktiv metod. Hyperspektrala bilder kan idag användas inom områden som jordbruk, miljöövervakning och militär spaning. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

The conventional way of cryptanalysis is based on the cryptographic algorithms weak points examine. The attack model of conventional cryptanalysis covers mathematical description of the cryptographic algorithm used. This model is not with the relation to the physical model implementation and the real environment. Cryptographic algorithms currently used in the combination with strong cipher keys are almost unbreakable and the conventional cryptanalysis is ineffective. The new way of cryptanalysis employs the side channels. The model of cryptanalysis using side channels is enhanced with physical revelation of module performing the cryptographic operations. This dissertation thesis deals with cryptographic module description and studies influence of side channels to the security of this module.

We propose a variant of the stochastic finite element method, where the random elements occuring in the problem formulation are approximated by simple random elements, i.e. random elements with only a finite number of possible values.

Title: Monitoring of reaction abilities in different age categories of judo athletes Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to assess the influence of judo on the reaction abilities among different age groups of judo athletes. This finding should help to develop a view of necessity of focusing on reaction abilities during exercise unit. Methods: During the research a reactometer was used to capture simple and complex reaction time to visual stimulus and tactile response. Overall 166 individuals (100 men, 66 women) took part of the monitoring from which 3 were excluded. Every proband has undergone one test measurement (5 stimuls at least) and two evaluated ones (20 seconds each). The shorter - reaction time score was consider as a result for the particular test. The outcomes were utilized via Kruskal - Wallis test, Pearsons's and Spearman's correlation coefficient, Mann - Whitney's test and others. Results: The biggest difference between reaction period was observed between the age group of 8-10 and older groups. This category has also significantly differed in reaction period and the highest median. Statistically any notable difference was not confirmed among judo athletes and our control group in contrary with the situation between individual age categories. The hypothesis of judo athletes training...