Sepsis, a life-threatening response to infection, represents a substantial global health concern. Each year, about 48,9 million people are affected by sepsis. While survival rates have improved, sepsis survivors often experience numerous challenges after discharge from the hospital. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe patients’ experience of their life situation after surviving sepsis. A literature review was carried out using Friberg’s four step model for analyzing quantitative and qualitative research. The data were collected from seven quantitative and four qualitative studies. The analysis revealed two themes and eight subthemes: (1) Difficulties adjusting to new living conditions, (2) A challenging recovery process. The first theme had four subthemes: Changed quality of life after sepsis, Physical limitations in everyday life, The challenge of becoming dependent on others and The importance of social relationships. The second theme had four subthemes: A mental struggle to return to a normal life, Traumatization and fears of relapse, The importance of recovery, and Educational and informational gaps. Among sepsis survivors, various problems and challenges have been identified that impact their daily life. Numerous survivors suffered from persistent residual symptoms primarily related to physical, psychological, and cognitive domains. Survivors were widely dissatisfied with the information and education about sepsis and its aftermath provided by the healthcare system. Further research is needed to clarify the long-term consequences of sepsis survivorship, and to improve the healthcare guidelines and interventions aimed at improving the well-being of this patient group

This thesis is an investigation of the structural and formal semantic properties of copy raising constructions in English, as well as their expletive counterparts. The first main claim is that contrary to what has been previously assumed, the perceiver of the event (i.e. the Pgoal in Asudeh & Toivonen's 2012 terms) is an obligatory syntactic and semantic argument of the matrix verb. I argue that the identification of the Pgoal is not left to pragmatics, but rather that is represented as a silent pronoun in the structure: one that picks up a logophoric antecedent. The result of this is that the material in the embedded clause is semantically interpreted with respect to the Pgoal's perspective. The second major claim of the thesis is that this perspective-sensitivity is most appropriately captured using a modal semantic framework (Kratzer, 1977, 1981 von Fintel & Heim, 2002). Specifically, I argue that each of the different copy raising verbs encodes a different accessibility relation between possible worlds or situations, while the Pgoal's information state provides the relevant domain of worlds. Using these insights, I propose truth conditions for these constructions, which ultimately are sensitive to a kind of stereotypical ordering, and account for inter-speaker variability. Finally, I discuss the anomalous class of copy raising constructions with non-thematic subjects, and argue that overlapping discourse functions may have resulted in a shift away from modal semantics in these cases. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / This thesis investigates the linguistic meaning associated with the "copy raising" sentence construction, e.g. "Your cat looks like she wants to go outside." I argue that the interpretation of these sentences is dependent on establishing the individual whose perspective is conveyed in the sentence, which does not need to be the speaker. After examining the range of contexts in which various different copy raising constructions can be used, I propose an analysis of their core meaning that draws on the philosophical idea of possible worlds, and the psychological notion of stereotypicality. I also address the question of whether these constructions are related to the phenomenon of evidentiality, a property of certain languages which allows the speaker to linguistically mark the source of evidence for their claim.

The object of this work is addictive behavior in a difficult life situation. The subject of the study is the Relationship of a difficult life situation (material difficulty) on the severity and properties of addictive behavior. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography (83 sources) and an Appendix including forms of applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis 85 pages, which contains 9 figures and 15 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, identifies the object and subject of research, formulates hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base. The conclusion summarizes the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as the conclusions of the proposed hypotheses, substantiates the practical significance of the research and describes the possible prospects for the further development of this problem. / Объектом данной работы является аддиктивное поведение в условиях трудной жизненной ситуации. Предмет исследования – связь трудной жизненной ситуации (материальное затруднение) на выраженность и свойства аддиктивного поведения. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (83 источника) и приложений. Объем магистерской диссертации 85 страниц, на которых размещены 9 рисунков и 15 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.

学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第21229号 / 総総博第1号 / 新制||総総||1(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)准教授 磯部 洋明, 教授 松下 佳代, 特定教授 泉 拓良, 惣脇 宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM

Bakgrund: Multipel skleros är en kronisk, neurologisk, autoimmun och inflammatorisk sjukdom. Den livslånga kontakten med vården, oförutsägbara symtom samt att det idag inte finns något botemedel gör sjukdomen komplex. Patienter med MS finns i alla delar av vården, därför är det viktigt att sjukvårdspersonal har kunskap och motivation för att bedriva en inkluderande vård där patientens livssituation förbättras. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa personers upplevelser av att leva med sjukdomen multipel skleros. Metod: Två databassökningar användes, PubMed och CINAHL Complete. Denna litteraturöversikt baseras på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Dessa artiklar analyserades och granskades utifrån Fribergs beskrivning. Resultat: I resultatet framkom det fyra huvudteman: Oförutsägbara förändringar, Ett förändrat jag, Psykosociala perspektiv och Att hantera sjukdom. Slutsats: Att anpassa sig och acceptera sin livssituation var svårt men med hjälp av hanteringsstrategier, stöd från närstående och andra i samma sits samt vårdpersonal var det möjligt. Kunskap om sjukdomen och upplevelsen av att leva med MS var viktigt för att främja adaption och förbättra personens livssituation. / Background: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic, neurological, autoimmune and inflammatory disease. A lifelong contact with healthcare, unpredictable symtoms and that there presently is no cure makes the disease complex. Patients with MS are present in every part of nursing, therefore it is important that nurses have the knowledge and motivation to provide inclusive care where the patient's life situation is improved. Aim: The purpose of the study was to highlight people's experiences of living with the disease multiple sclerosis. Method: Two database searches were used, PubMed and CINAHL Complete. This literature review is based on ten qualitative scientific articles. These articles were analyzed and reviewed based on Friberg's method. Results: The results showed four main themes: Unpredictable changes, A changed self, Psychosocial perspectives and To manage the disease. Conclusion: Adapting and accepting one's life situation was difficult, but with the help of self management strategies, support from relatives and others in the same situation as well as healthcare professionals, made it possible. Knowledge about the disease and the experience of living with MS was important to support adaptation and enhance the personens life situationen.

Problem background/problem discussion: Today there is a housing shortage in most of Sweden's municipalities. The municipalities have a high responsibility in this matter through their planning monopoly and the detailed plans. A lot of housing has been built in Sweden, but not for everyone. The financial situation affects the industry, especially when construction prices have risen. At the same time, we can see that the construction and real estate industry is one of the industries that affects the climate the most, in a negative sense. The industry's decisions affect society at large in many ways, and therefore they need to be as well-founded as possible. The previous research that we discovered on the subject does not include the particular research area that we have investigated.    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore which factors are decisive when real estate companies make decisions about new production of rental properties. In particular, this must be investigated with regard to sustainability and the housing situation that exists in Sweden.   Method: An inductive research approach has been adopted. Furthermore, a qualitative study with elements of grounded theory has been carried out using semi-structured interviews of managers at real estate companies in Sweden. The purpose of semi-structured interviews was to have as open and informative dialogues with the respondents as possible.   Conclusion: The conclusions drawn after this investigation are that real estate companies base their decisions on primarily four different factors; targets, market, economy and location. CSR is something that the majority of companies work actively with. The housing situation in Sweden also affects their decisions, but there are many parameters that limit their ability to influence the situation.

Att behöva hantera andra människors emotioner samtidigt som arbetaren förväntades kunna reglera sina egna emotioner i arbetet kunde i många arbetssituationer upplevas som påfrestande. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur det är för anställda att arbeta med människor som befinner sig i utsatta situationer. Forskningsstudien tittade även närmare på emotionell påverkan och interaktion i den professionella arbetsrollen. Studien var kvalitativ där 10 personer intervjuades semistrukturerat. Det empiriska materialet analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analysmetod. Studiens resultat visade att en känslomässig konflikt uppstod i arbetssituationer där den anställda upplevde känslor som ofta inte kunde uppvisas utåt på grund av att en bestämd interaktion och uppträdandeform ingick i arbetsrollen. Effekten blev att arbetaren endast visade upp sina känslor på en ytlig nivå (surface acting) utan att ta del av känslan på djupet. Ytterligare resultat var att arbetaren förväntades se på arbetssituationer utifrån ett större perspektiv. Detta skedde på sättet att arbetaren ska kunna sätta sig in i andra människors känslor. Exempelvis genom att lyssna, ta emot och bekräfta. Detta kunde upplevas som emotionellt ansträngande i längden. En majoritet kunde känna en utmattning när de kom hem från sitt arbete, men ingen utbrändhet har visats i den här studien. / Having to deal with other people's emotions at the same time as the worker was expected to be able to regulate their own emotions at work could in many work situations be perceived as stressful. The purpose of the study was to investigate what it is like for employees to work with people who are in vulnerable situations. The research study also looked more closely at emotional impact and interaction in the professional work role. The study was qualitative where 10 people were interviewed in a semi-structured way. The empirical material was analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The results of the study showed that a feeling of conflict arose in work situations where the employee experienced emotions that often could not be expressed outwards due to a determined interaction and form of behavior being included in the work role. The effect became that the worker only showed their feelings on a superficial level (surface acting) without taking part in the feeling in depth. An additional result was that the worker was expected to look at work situations from a larger perspective. This was done in the way that the worker should be able to understand other people's feelings. For example, by listening, receiving and confirming. This could be experienced as emotionally exhausting in the long run. A majority could feel exhausted when they came home from work, but no burnout has been shown in this study.

Background: Digital transformation was a process that most companies in the digitalage nowadays must go through. However, the global economy was dreary due to theabrupt epidemic, which let companies around the world were facing challenges forchange. Meanwhile, as the major economy, China was the only country in the worldthat keep economy increasing during the epidemic. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to answer the question of how Chinesebeverage stores have formulated strategies for digital transformation amiduncertainties caused by the epidemic. The research results should be able to be usedby various organizations within the industry to develop effective strategies during theepidemic. Method: This thesis was conducted by qualitative research with interpretivism. Themulti-case approach is used for analysis, semi-structured interviews with eightbeverage store managers were obtained in Chinese. Conclusion: The finding of this research suggested that: in order to transformdigitally successfully, enterprises need to complete the three key factors: evaluatingthe conditions, implementation, and forming mode, under 2 specific preconditionswhich are the driving force of the times and the impact of the epidemic on the overallbusiness.

[pt] Esta dissertação é fruto de uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com mulheres em situação de violência nas relações conjugais que participaram do grupo de reflexão realizado no Centro Integrado de Atendimento à Mulher (CIAM) Márcia Lyra, por um período mínimo de cinco meses, entre 2019 e 2021. Teve como objetivo analisar as possíveis transformações na subjetividade das mulheres atravessadas pelos impactos da violência conjugal, depois da participação em grupo de reflexão. Após a coleta de dados, foi feita uma análise segundo o método de análise de conteúdo. Dessa análise emergiram duas categorias: Da resignação à percepção dos danos e impactos da violência: o grupo como espaço de fala e Experiência no grupo de reflexão: transformações possíveis. Tais categorias foram discutidas com base na revisão de literatura, sendo feita uma articulação entre a teoria e as questões provenientes das narrativas. Percebemos a importância de haver uma participação de mulheres em situação de violência em grupos de reflexão, recebendo a ajuda desse dispositivo para auxiliar no enfrentamento das situações de violência e na transformação subjetiva das participantes. Essa discussão tem o intuito de atingir os objetivos formulados e evidenciar novas questões para pesquisas futuras. Constatamos que o grupo de reflexão é efetivo na construção de um novo olhar da mulher para si mesma e no desenvolvimento de uma postura mais crítica sobre conjugalidade e busca de direitos de igualdade em relação aos companheiros. / [en] This dissertation is the result of a qualitative research in which eight semistructured interviews with women in marital-relation violence situation, who took part in the reflexional group that was carried out in the Centro Integrado de Atendimento à Mulher (CIAM) Márcia Lyra, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during a minimum period of five months, between 2019 and 2021.It aimed to analyze the possible transformations in the subjectivity of women crossed by the impacts of marital violence, after their participation in the reflexional group. After data collection, some analyses were done based on the content analysis method. Two categories came out from this analysis: From resignation to perception of damage and impacts of violence: the group of speech space and Experience in the reflexional group: possible transformations? Such categories were discussed based on the literature review, and some articulation between the theory and the issues that came from the narratives was done. We perceived the importance of participation of women in violence situation in reflexional groups, receiving help from this device to assist in the confrontation of violence situations and in the subjective transformation of the participants. This discussion will have the intention to achieve the formulated objectives and point out new matters for future research. We noticed that the reflexional group is effective in the construction of a new look of the woman towards herself and in the development of a more critical stance about conjugality and search for the rights of equality in relation to the partner.

The serious investigation of humor's function in society is an emerging area of research in critical humor studies, a "negative" subsect of the extensive and "positive" research that assumes humor's goodness. Using Michael Billig's theory of ridicule as a framework, this study explored how humor operated to discipline characters who broke social norms or allowed characters to rebel against those norms. Layering this with gender performative theory, the study also investigated how different male and female characters used ridicule and were subject to it themselves. After examining ridicule in The Big Bang Theory, 2 Broke Girls, and The Odd Couple using a critical rhetorical analysis, the findings revealed that disciplinary ridicule was used more overtly throughout all three programs, while potentially rebellious ridicule emerged in only a few scenes. In addition, men were overwhelmingly the subjects of disciplinary ridicule, although women found themselves as subjects throughout all three programs as well. The discursive ridiculing of non-normative bodies constructed and maintained social norms about gender and sexuality, thereby uninviting these bodies from participating in society.