Miao Ji. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-165). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Orientador: Oduvaldo Câmara Marques Pereira / Banca: Débora Cristina Damasceno / Banca: Maeli Dal Pai Silva / Banca: Daniela Cristina Ceccatto Gerardin / Banca: Patrícia Carvalho Garcia / Resumo: Considerando-se a importância do exercício físico para a prevenção de problemas na saúde de indivíduos adultos e idosos associada à procura pela melhor forma de se exercitar, tem aumentado a busca por ergogênicos nos dias de hoje. Assim, os ergogênicos têm sido apontados como as principais substâncias utilizadas em tratamentos para o retardo da velhice e prevenção de doenças como enfarte e osteoporose. Porém pouco se sabe sobre o melhor método para estes tratamentos. Logo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar os efeitos produzidos pelo treinamento resistido de alta intensidade e/ou tratamento com decanoato de nandrolona (anabolizante esteróide) sobre os aspectos sociais e reprodutivos, e à resistência mecânica do fêmur em ratos machos. Os ratos foram divididos em seis grupos experimentais: controle não treinado, controle treinado, anabolizante treinado, anabolizante não treinado, controle treinado pirâmide e anabolizante treinado pirâmide. O programa de exercício foi realizado três dias por semana, durante 8 semanas. Concomitantemente, o tratamento com o anabolizante esteróide - decanoato de nandrolona - foi realizado duas vezes por semana e ao final deste treinamento os ratos foram submetidos a um teste de agressividade (comportamento social) e a seguir eutanasiados. Foram realizadas análises ósseas (cabeça do fêmur), atividade da creatina kinase (CK), contagem espermática e viabilidade dos espermatozóides ao final das 8 semanas, com exceção a mensuração da CK que foi realizada ao longo do treinamento pirâmide. Os grupos submetidos ao exercício foram subdivididos para a realização de um protocolo de treinamento chamado "pirâmide". Neste treinamento, os ratos foram submetidos a uma série de repetições máximas, na qual foi testada sua resistência à fadiga, de grande importância para avaliarmos o dano ou fortalecimento ósseo, assim... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering the importance of physical exercise in the prevention of several health diseases on adults and elderly, searching the best way of exercise, the sought for ergogenics has increased nowadays. On this sense, ergogenics have been pointed as one of the most utilized substances on the treatment of aging, prevention of heart attack and osteoporosis. However, little is known about the best method to these treatments. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects produced by the high intensity resistance exercise and/or treatment with nandrolone (anabolic steroid) on social and reproductive aspects, as well as, the bone mechanical resistance on adult male rats. The rats were divided into six experimental groups: Untrained/Vehicle, Untrained/Anabolic, Trained/Vehicle, Trained/Anabolic, Pyramid/Vehicle and Pyramid Anabolic. The exercise protocol was performed three times a week, one day a part, during 8 weeks. The treatment with the anabolic steroid was realized within the eight weeks and at the end of the treatment/training, the animals were euthanized and the following analyses were assessed: femur mechanical resistance, creatine kinase (CK) activity, sperm count and seminal parameters, hormonal levels and the aggressive behavior. For the aggressive behavior the animals were isolated, and only the treatment was performed. The CK activity was the only measurement assessed during the 8 weeks. The groups submitted to the exercise were subdivided on the sixth week to accomplish another exercise protocol, known as pyramid training. This training protocol associates increasing working loads with low repetitions during the program, in which we tested the fatigue resistance, extremely important to evaluate the damage on bone strength, as well as other alterations. Through this analysis we could observe that the rats treated with decanoate... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

O presente estudo teve como objetivo utilizar a técnica de enzimaimunoensaio (EIE) com o Ac monoclonal CL425 na dosagem de metabólitos de progestinas fecais para caracterizar o perfil no início da atividade ovariana e durante o ciclo estral em onça pintada (Panthera onca) e durante a gestação e lactação em gato mourisco (Puma yagouaroundi). Foram estudadas três fêmeas de onça pintada em fases distintas (pré-puberes n=2 e adulta n=1) e três fêmeas de gato mourisco em duas fases distintas (gestantes n=2 e lactantes n=3). O protocolo empregado no EIE foi validado para a mensuração de progestinas em fezes de onça pintada e gato mourisco (r=0,98, p=0,0078; r=0,97, p=0,0130, respectivamente). Observou-se que os animais pré-puberes apresentaram início da produção de progesterona nos meses de setembro e novembro. As elevações das progestinas fecais na fêmea adulta de onça pintada não se sustentaram, indicando que não ocorreu ovulação espontânea nessa espécie. Houve diferença significativa entre as concentrações médias de progestinas fecais (p<0,001) dos animais pré-púberes e adultos no grupo das fêmeas de onça pintada. No grupo das fêmeas de gato mourisco, não foi possível diferenciar as concentrações de progestinas fecais durante a gestação e lactação.Obtivemos correlação entre as concentrações de progestinas fecais medida pelos métodos de radioimunoensaio (RIE) e enzimaimunoensaio (r=0,98, p<0,0001). / The present study had as objective to use the technique of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with monoclonal antibody CL425 in the dosage of faecal progestin to characterize the profile during ovarian activity beginning and estral cycle in jaguar (Panthera onca) and gestation and lactation in jaguarondi (Puma yagouaroundi). Three female jaguars were studied in distinct phases (pre-pubertal n=2 and adult n=1) and three female jaguarondi were studied during two distinct phases (gestation n=2 and lactation n=3). The EIA used was validated for faecal progestin measurement in jaguar and jaguarondi (r=0,98, p=0,0078; r=0,97, p=0,0130, respectively). The beginning of progesterone production for pre-pubertal animals was in September and November. Elevations of progestin in the adult jaguar were not supported, showing that there was not spontaneous ovulation for this specie. There was significant difference between medium progestin concentrations (p<0,001) of pre-pubertal and adult jaguars. It was not possible to identify different progestin concentrations during gestation and lactation in female jaguarondi. The faecal progestin profiles measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) corresponded well and were positively correlated (r=0,98, p<0,0001).

Foi estudada a atividade ovariana de fêmeas de onça-pintada (Panthera onca; adultas n=2 e pré-púberes n=3) mantidas em cativeiro, pela extração e quantificação de estrógenos e progestinas fecais. Foram colhidas amostras fecais de 2-7 vezes por semana durante 16-18 meses. Foi realizada a validação dos radioimunoensaios em fase sólida, progesterona e 17&beta;-estradiol, para uso em extratos fecais em onça-pintada. A duração média (±EPM) do ciclo ovariano (n=7) definido por dois picos consecutivos de estrógenos fecais foi de 38,28 ±2,52dias (variando de 25 a 44 dias). A fase de estro teve duração média de 10,42 ±1,15dias (variando de 7 a 15dias) e a fase de inter-estro durou em média 28,00 ±1,43dias (variando de 28 a 31 dias). O nível basal médio de estrógenos fecais no período de inter-estro foram de 31,26 ±1,34ng/g de fezes secas. No período de estro, os valores médios encontrados foram de 115,91 ±8,82ng/g de fezes secas, foi observado um pico entre o D-5 e o D-2, com valores médios de 164,45 ±3,49ng/g de fezes secas. As progestinas fecais apresentaram valores médios de 0,44 ±0,05&micro;g/g de fezes secas, não apresentando variações significantes durante todo o ciclo. Os dados obtidos durante a avaliação do perfil longitudinal das concentrações de estrógenos fecais, no grupo dos animais pré-púberes, permitem indicar um possível início da atividade ovariana a partir do bimestre agosto-setembro, onde os valores médios dos picos detectados para estrógenos fecais, foram de 135,31 ±3,16ng/g de fezes secas. Todos os animais entraram na fase peripuberal com idade aproximada de 20 meses. / Ovarian function of captive jaguars (Panthera onca; adults n=2 and pre-pubertal n=3) was assessed by extraction and quantification of fecal estrogens and progestins. Fecal samples were obtained 2-7 times per week during 16-18 months. Validation of solid phase radioimmunoassay for progesterone and 17&beta;-estradiol was performed for jaguar fecal extracts. Ovarian cycle mean duration (±SEM), defined by two consecutive peaks of fecal estrogens, was 38.28 ±2.52days (range, 25 - 44days; n=7). Mean estrous phase duration was 10.42 ± 1.15days (range, 7 - 15days), and inter-estrous phase mean duration was 28.00 ±1.43days (range, 28 - 31days). Basal fecal estrogen mean concentration in inter-estrous period was 31.26 ± 1.34ng/g of dry feces. During estrous period mean value was 115.91 ±8.82ng/ g of dry feces, and was observed a mean peak (164.45 ±3.49 ng/g of dry feces) between D-5 and D-2. Fecal progestins had a mean concentration of 0,44 ± 0.05&micro;g/g of dry feces, with no significant variations during the cycles. Data obtained during the evaluation of fecal estrogen longitudinal profiles in the pre-pubertal group, allow to indicate the beginning of ovarian activity in August-September bimester with fecal estrogen mean peaks of 135.31 ± 3.16ng/ g of dry feces. AlI animaIs started pre-pubertal phase around 20 months of age.

A endocrinologia reprodutiva do muriqui do sul B. arachnoides foi avaliada em quatro fêmeas adultas pela dosagem de metabólitos fecais de estrógenos e em quatro machos adultos e um macho subadulto pela dosagem de metabólitos de testosterona e glicocorticóides durante um período de onze meses em duas diferentes condições restritivas, ilha de 600m2, Curitiba (PPC) e viveiro (15,40x5,85x4,70m) Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ). As fêmeas apresentaram grande variação individual nas concentrações de estrógenos e progestinas fecais ao longo do período de estudo, três não apresentaram atividade ovariana no período de outubro-dezembro e apenas uma apresentou atividade durante todos os períodos amostrados. Mesmo com níveis baixos de esteróides as fêmeas apresentaram comportamento perceptivo e cópulas. Os machos do PPC apresentaram níveis significativamente mais altos de glicocorticóides e níveis significativamente mais baixos de testosterona do que os machos do CPRJ (p<0,05) apresentaram. O macho subadulto apresentou níveis significativamente mais baixos para metabólitos de testosterona. Nos machos as cópulas ocorreram próximo às elevações das concentrações de testosterona. Em três situações grandes elevações dos níveis de glicocorticóides fecais puderam ser relacionadas a situações estressantes. Nosso estudo comprovou a eficácia do método empregado para monitoramento reprodutivo bem como para avaliar situações estressantes. / The reproductive endocrinology of the southern muriqui (Brachyteles. Arachnoids) was evaluated through the dosage of fecal metabolites steroids for 04 adult females and fecal metabolites of testosterone and glucocorticoids for 04 adult males and 01 subadult male. The study was conducted over an eleven month period at two environmental conditions: a) an island of 600 m2, with natural vegetation, at Curitiba Zoo (PPC) and b) a large cage of 15,40X5,85X4,70m at Rio de Janeiro Primatological Centre (CPRJ). It was observed that females had large strogen interindividual variation and fecal progestins: three females did not show ovarian activity over a partial period of the study, while ovarian activity was observed for all sample periods for one female. Despite the detection of low levels of steroids, proceptive behaviour and copulations were observed. The PPC males showed significant levels of glicorticoids and testosteorne when compared to the CPRJ males (p<0.05). The subadult male exhibited the lowest level of testosterone metabolites and those differences were significant when compared to the adult males (p<0.05). For all males, copulations occurred when testosterone levels were highest and peaks of glucorticoids were linked to stressfull situations. This study have shown that the method used was effective for reproductive monitoring as well as for evaluating stressfull situations.

The purpose of this study was to investigate if the addition of biologic materials and/or oral steroids would affect horizontal bone gain, or the bone density of the grafted bone in horizontal alveolar ridge augmentations. A retrospective chart review was completed to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 53 ridge augmentation patients. An average bone gain of 3.6mm of width was found in our study based on radiographic analysis. There were no statistically significant differences found in the linear bone gain with the addition of biologic materials and steroids. A marginally statistically significant difference was found in the bone density when biologics were added (p-value=0.0653). No statistically significant difference found in the bone density with the addition of oral steroids. The use of tenting screws and resorbable occlusive membranes and a combination of allograft and xenograft bone materials provides significant clinical and radiographic dimensional changes in alveolar ridge width.

Author: Erik Ideström Title: Gym going male’s view on the use of doping agents. How social background and masculinity depictions affect attitudes of the usage of doping agents. [Translated title] Supervisor: Lars Sörnsen The aim of this study is to examine views on the use of doping agents among gym going males. More specifically it examines if the view on masculinity and social background have correlations with the view on using doping agents. The study uses a web survey on two different populations, one is specific gym members and the other is two internet forums. The participants of the study were gym going males in the ages between 18 and 51. The analysis builds on three theories: hegemonic masculinity, symbolic capital and habitus. The study’s results points towards a positive correlation between having a hegemonic view on masculinity and being positive towards the use of doping agents. The study also found a correlation between a good childhood and a negative view on using doping agents. The study concludes that there is a correlation between a hegemonic view on masculinity and a positive view om doping agents.

Typescript (photocopy) Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-259) The role of gonadal steroids in the mating behaviour of rams was investigated in both entire rams and castrated rams (wethers) treated with different steroids.

<p>Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) have been associated with adverse psychiatric effects, aggression and violent behaviour. The use of them has spread to a larger subpopulation, and the use has been connected to different risk behaviours, such as use of other illicit substances and carrying a gun. Case reports tell about a connection between AAS use and violent crimes, including homicide. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the proposed connection between AAS and crime, focusing on violent crimes, and to inquire into whether this proposed connection between AAS and criminality is affected by other risk factors for criminal behaviour.</p><p>The first two studies of this thesis investigated the registered criminality of individuals testing positively for AAS, with individuals testing negatively serving as control groups. In the two last studies individuals at a clinic for substance abuse treatment (Paper III) and in a prison (Paper IV) were asked about their use of AAS, and their history was assessed using the Addiction Severity Index.</p><p>The main finding of Paper I was the development of criminal patterns over time, with a clear increase of the proportion of violent crimes and weapons offences seen only among the pure AAS users. In Paper II an increased risk for weapons offences among AAS users was reported. In Paper III an increased risk of having been prosecuted for violent crimes and of having been physically abused was seen among the AAS users. In Paper IV, the main finding was the close resemblance of users and non users.</p><p>In summary, this thesis have concluded that the violence previously reported as connected to use of AAS can, to a large extent, be accounted for by other risk factors. There seems, however, to be a connection between use of AAS and a heavy, more planned form of criminality.</p>

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 97-99.