This thesis aimed to evaluate the nature of safety climate; the component parts, the antecedents and the consequences. This work is based in the maritime domain, a sector with rising accident rates and many potential risk factors (such as managing a remote multicultural workforce on a high risk moving site), as identified through a literature review. An overview of the factors involved in human error within the maritime industry at an organisational and individual level showed that one contributory factor, which had been comparatively under-researched is safety climate. The review of safety climate literature post 2001 demonstrated wide variation in measurement across studies, although there was an element of consistency in terms of relationships with outcome variables and also in the topics measured as safety climate. Aligned with previous reviews, the role of management commitment to safety was highlighted, as expressed through its prevalence in studies of safety climate. A safety climate measure for the shipping sector, which loosely mapped the most common themes identified through the review, was designed. Study 1, a study of safety climate, safety behaviour and national culture, sampled 1067 seafarers from one company's 46 oil and gas shipping vessels and used this questionnaire to measure the relative contribution of management commitment benchmarked with other safety predictors when predicting behaviour. The results demonstrated that the sole predictor of safety behaviour was workers' perceptions of management commitment to safety. It is argued that the practice of including numerous other safety-related indicators (such as communication and satisfaction) in the prediction of behaviour is empirically unjustified and also theoretically misaligned. The role of grouped worker safety behaviour was also evaluated and group safety behaviour was posited as a mediator of the relationship between group safety climate and objective safety performance (as measured through company accident rates). Although there was a significant relationship between group safety behaviour and accident rates, behaviour did not act as the mediator in the relationship between safety climate and safety performance. Having illustrated that management commitment has a focal role in safety climate, it would appear logical to postulate a role for leadership in shaping the perceptions of managementc ommitment. This is also consistent with with previous research, which has demonstrated relationships between safety leadership and safety climate, although leadership for safety is still an area of research where little is known. A review of the leadership literature illustrated conceptual and levels of analysis issues in leadership. The second study, also with a seafaring sample from one company (n=447, across 27 ships), used the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio & Bass, 2004) to examine the relationship between leadership, safety climate (using Zohar & Luria, 2005 and Zohar & Luria, 2000 safety climate scales of group and organisational safety climate) and performance-both in safety and non-safety outcomes. The results demonstrated support for the role of transformational and passive leadership in shaping safety climate. Transactional leadership did not contribute significantly to the prediction of safety climate. Levels of analysis issues were considered in the research and leadership is proposed as a group-level construct with individual differences in outcomes, which aligns the findings of the second study with theoretical considerations in the literature.

Significant accidents are often related to the performance of a complex socio-technical system (enterprise) involving technology, people, organizations, processes, management and legislation. Approaches to identify factors that lead to accidents and then take them into account during the design, operation, maintenance and evolution of the socio-technical system (enterprise) are not well defined and not consistently utilized in practice. The emerging discipline of "enterprise engineering" provides an opportunity to apply an engineering approach to the design, operation, maintenance and evolution of enterprises to improve the likelihood of the enterprise achieving and maintaining its safety goals. The integration of design principles and approaches from the fields of systems engineering, safety engineering, management science and enterprise architecture into a Safety Enterprise Engineering (SEE) approach based on a consistent model of the enterprise provides the basis of the approach described in this thesis. A general process model for applying an enterprise engineering approach to safety management is defined. Design principles from nuclear industry best practice documents are identified and mapped to the general process model. The Fukushima nuclear accident that occurred in 2011 was used to identify weaknesses in current practices in the nuclear industry. These weaknesses were compared with best practices, as defined by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) documents, to identify the subset of weaknesses identified from the Fukushima accident that are also weaknesses within the IAEA set of best practices. The Safety Enterprise Engineering approach was applied to a slice of safety related functionality of a CANDU nuclear utility to demonstrate the degree to which the SEE approach overcomes weaknesses of both current practice and best practice within the nuclear industry. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

No description available.

<p> Inadequate leadership is the reason workplace accidents in the mining industry remain high, making the industry one of the most hazardous operational activities in the world. Unsafe leadership practices may result in death or injury to workers. A group of 30 mining company leaders from 3 gold mines in Zimbabwe revealed an exception to these hazardous practices, however, notable through their outstanding safety improvement records. To better understand what these practitioners were doing, this multicase study research design explored their strategies to improve the workplace safety environment in the mines. Data were collected using audio-recorded semistructured interviews and document analyses. Shewhart&rsquo;s plan-do-check-act conceptual framework anchored the study. Data analysis followed the thematic data analytic approach involving classification, coding, and interpretation to identify common themes. The following themes emerged: planning and organizing, leading, and risk management. The findings indicate that the business leaders created a safe work environment by planning the work to be performed; how the task would be executed; and when, where, and who performed the task. The results of study also indicate that leaders designed the work environment, trained, empowered, and equipped employees with the relevant skills, and provided appropriate technology and personal protective equipment to improve workplace safety. Finally, the research findings indicate that leaders embedded risk management principles and practices in every process or activity, and continuously learned from each event to create a safe work environment. The findings promote social change by encouraging safe behavior and risk-based thinking and practices in the workforce and the community.</p>

<p> The impact of occupational stress on employees' health and work performance costs U.S. companies $300 billion annually; work-related stress is an issue for private security organizations all over the world. The purpose of this single case study was to explore strategies private security organizational leaders used to mitigate private security officers' occupational stress. The study participants were 4 leaders of a private security organization in Bahrain who had a minimum of 5 years of experience in the private security field and had addressed occupational stress successfully. The human capital theory was the conceptual framework used for this study. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and review of archival documents. Yin's 5-step data analysis plan was applied to the data to generate 4 themes: private security occupational stressors, occupational stress reduction practices, leaders-officers open communication, and health protection policies. The identification and development of job stressor mitigation strategies has multiple implications for positive social change including protecting employees' well-being and increasing their working performance, productivity, and business success. Improving work performance and productivity produces opportunities for employment and supports economic growth and community goodwill. The practices of a successful organization positively influence the society by providing jobs and capital investments, which can improve the quality of life in the community.</p><p>

M.Com. (Business Management) / The chemical industry is associated with high risk to the safety and health of personnel and the environment. However, the macro-environment expects the safe operation of chemical plants. In particular, the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act No. 85 of 1993, regulates safety in the industry. Management are exposed to the transgression of this law, even unwittingly, unless an integrated safety management system ensures the necessary planning, organising, leading and control for the safe operation of plants. While line management is ultimately responsible for the safety of chemical plants, the responsibilities of line management must be clearly defined to ensure continuity in the management of safety. Furthermore, the input of every worker is necessary to ensure that safety management is a process of continuous improvement. Knowledge of the processes associated with any specific plant is of primary importance for the safe operation thereof. This includes all information related to the operation of the plant, as well as design data and operational limits. The risks associated with the process and the operating procedures must be properly communicated to personnel. Plant operation must be within design limits, and the dangers associated with exceeding these limits must be well understood. As technology improves, process safety information must be updated regularly. While it is the objective to have an accident free record, it is imperative to identify possible emergency scenario's, and to give the necessary training to effectively control the impact that an emergency situation can have on the business and its staJceholders. Safety management includes the responsible operation of units with regard to the environment. In order to ensure a safe and healthy working environment for all personnel, the legal requirements of the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Act No. 85 of 1993, and all the regulations in terms of the Machinery and Occupational Safety Act, Act No. 6 of 1983, must be met. The ever-changing needs and requirements within a chemical plant require control of all the changes that can result in unsafe acts and conditions. Maintenance work, work on protection systems, start-ups after major maintenance work and plant modifications arc considered changes with high enough risk factor to control these actions. The safety of persons other than persons at work, and in particular contractors, are the responsibility of line management. Effective training of contractors to ensure their safe conduct while performing their duty or during emergencies, are therefore necessary. Proper control systems are needed to ensure the correct and timeous fulfilment of safety requirements. Management information systems must be designed to audit deviations from standards, but also to point out the correctness of systems, thus providing proof of management participation in the improvement of safety standards. In order to have a competent and effective workforce, the necessary training of workers with regard to safety must be given. Line management must be appraised on their input to ensure an effective safety management program, and not only on the results. Rewarding the individuals for their contribution in this field, would ensure a strong and continuous effort toward a high safety standard. No safety management system can be successful unless strong leadership and a safety culture exists in the plant. Furthermore, the participation and involvement of every employee is needed to ensure continuous improvement in safety standards. Safety management must be a key performance area of every line manager, to protect both the business and its most valuable asset, namely the workers.

In the United States of America today, there are concerns regarding the appropriate functioning of the police service and a lack of effective police accountability. African Americans have often been victims of unprofessional police conduct; however, their views have rarely been found adequately represented in the literature on the subject. The purpose of this case study was to fill this identified gap in the academic literature. A conceptual framework composed of the afrocentric, environmental contingency, and conflict theories was used to guide and inform this inquiry. The main research question focused on discovering which form of police oversight is seen as the most trusted, respected, and fair method of ensuring police accountability from an African American perspective in a mid-western U.S. city. Data were collected through review of pertinent documents, and through interviews and observation of 8 purposefully selected members of the African American community in the city. All data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis.The key finding of this study revealed that the most trusted, respected, and fair method of ensuring police accountability within the local African American community is a process that is not controlled only by the police. Participants consistently noted that it was their belief that an outside person, board, committee, or agency should evaluate cases of unprofessional police conduct, when appropriate. The findings of this study resulted in recommendations to the police leadership that may provide increased understanding, give a voice to this community, assist in devising good public policy, and benefit all citizens of the region.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-119).

Safety Management Systems (SMS) are becoming the industry standard for safety management throughout the aviation industry. As the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) continues to mandate SMS for different segments, the assessment of an organization’s safety culture becomes more important. An SMS can facilitate the development of a strong aviation safety culture. This study describes basic principles and components of an SMS and how safety culture and SMS are integrated. Studies focusing on safety culture assessment were identified for other industries as well as for different areas of the aviation industry. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between an organization’s safety culture and SMS implementation in collegiate flight schools. The research study was designed to determine (a) relationship between SMS implementation and safety culture, (b) the relationship between safety promotion and safety culture, and (c) the relationship between management commitment and safety culture. The study population consisted of 453 individuals at 13 collegiate flight schools. Data were gathered through an online survey to safety officers at collegiate flight schools within the University Aviation Association to determine the level of SMS implementation; and the Collegiate Aviation Program Safety Culture Survey (CAPSCUS) was used to measure the safety culture at those collegiate flight schools. The results indicated that a relationship existed between SMS implementation and safety culture, safety promotion and safety culture, management commitment and safety culture. The relationship for all three was more prominent within the Formal Safety Program major scale of the CAPSCUS. It is recommended that collegiate flight schools examine their existing level of SMS, management commitment, and their safety promotion and assess safety culture within their institution. Future studies should be done to further examine the relationship between SMS implementation and safety culture so that the collegiate flight training environment would have guidance regarding SMS implementation.

蒋璐. / "2013年9月". / "2013 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-180). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Jiang Lu.