Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1961. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 64).

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Carleton University, 1992. / Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91).

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1936 B41

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 73-90.

Thesis (D. Tech. ( Mechanical Engineering )) - Central University of technology, Free State, 2012 / In this study an alternative indirect Rapid Tooling process is proposed. It essentially consists of producing sand moulds by Additive Manufacturing (AM) processes followed by casting of tools in the moulds. Various features of this tool making method have been investigated. A process chain for the proposed tool manufacturing method was conceptually developed. This process chain referred to as Rapid Casting for Tooling (RCT) is made up of five steps including Computer Aided Design (CAD) modeling, casting simulation, AM of moulds, metal casting and finishing operations. A validation stage is also provided to determine the suitability of the tool geometry and material for RCT. The theoretical assessment of the RCT process chain indicated that it has potential benefits such as short manufacturing time, low manufacturing cost and good quality of tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. Focusing on the step of AM of the sand moulds, the selection of available AM processes between the Laser Sintering (LS) using an EOSINT S 700 machine and Three Dimensional Printing using a Z-Corporation Spectrum 550 printer was addressed by means of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The criteria considered at this stage were manufacturing time, manufacturing cost, surface finish and dimensional accuracy. LS was found to be the most suitable for RCT compared to Three Dimensional Printing. The overall preferences for these two alternatives were respectively calculated at 73% and 27%. LS was then used as the default AM process of sand moulds in the present research work. A practical implementation of RCT to the manufacturing of foundry tooling used a case study provided by a local foundry. It consisted of the production of a sand casting pattern in cast iron for a high pressure moulding machine. The investigation confirmed the feasibility of RCT for producing foundry tools. In addition it demonstrated the crucial role of casting simulation in the prevention of casting defects and the prediction of tool properties. The challenges of RCT were found to be exogenous mainly related to workmanship. An assessment of RCT manufacturing time and cost was conducted using the case study above mentioned as well as an additional one dealing with the manufacturing of an aluminium die for the production of lost wax patterns. Durations and prices of RCT steps were carefully recorded and aggregated. The results indicated that the AM of moulds was the rate determining and cost driving step of RCT if procurement of technology was considered to be a sunk cost. Overall RCT was found to be faster but more expensive than machining and investment casting. Modern surface analyses and scanning techniques were used to assess the quality of RCT tools in terms of surface finish and dimensional accuracy. The best surface finish obtained for the cast dies had Ra and Rz respectively equal to 3.23 μm and 11.38 μm. In terms of dimensional accuracy, 82% of cast die points coincided with die Computer Aided Design (CAD) data which is within the typical tolerances of sand cast products. The investigation also showed that mould coating contributed slightly to the improvement of the cast tool surface finish. Finally this study also found that the additive manufacturing of the sand mould was the chief factor responsible for the loss of dimensional accuracy. Because of the above, it was concluded that light machining will always be required to improve the surface finish and the dimensional accuracy of cast tools. Durability was the last characteristic of RCT tools to be assessed. This property was empirically inferred from the mechanical properties and metallographic analysis of castings. Merit of durability figures of 0.048 to 0.152 were obtained for the cast tools. It was found that tools obtained from Direct Croning (DC) moulds have merit of durability figures three times higher than the tools produced from Z-Cast moulds thus a better resistance to abrasion wear of the former tools compared to the latter.

M. Tech. (Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technology. / The production of austenitic stainless-steel pump impellers in foundries present a huge challenge mainly due to its thin-walled blades, pouring temperature, presence of junctions and chemical composition. Two different alloys were used namely nodular cast iron and austenitic stainless-steel. Nodular cast iron was used as a comparison alloy due to its excellent flowability whereas austenitic stainless-steel was chosen due to its attractive corrosion and wear resistant properties. Austenitic stainless-steel alloy showed difficulties during casting because of its chemical composition and freezing range. Thin-walled sections are more susceptible to filling defects like misrun and cold-shut. This results in high scrap rate and high processing costs during high production of thin-walled components. High pouring temperature is considered one of the most effective methods to improve filling ability of thin-walled castings. However, there is a major drawback in using this method owing to the high occurrence of shrinkage defects and hot tearing especially at junctions. 1060 aluminium was used as a benchmark to evaluate the effect of wall thickness on the filling and feeding of thin-walled Al components with complex geometry during sand casting. The aim of this dissertation is therefore to optimize casting process of sand cast austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller. Numerical modelling and additive manufacturing were used to optimize the production of this product. The use of casting simulation software combined with three-dimensional (3D) mould printing technology has enabled optimisation of casting parameters to minimise the occurrence of casting defects. Casting parameters of five test samples of complex geometry and varying thicknesses (1.0 mm;1.5 mm;2 mm;2.5 mm and 3.0 mm) were optimised using MAGMAsoft® at a constant pouring temperature of 700 °C and 1060 Aluminium as an alloy. Simulation and casting results showed that complete filling was only possible at a wall thickness of 3 mm. The simulation results showed that as the wall thickness increased from 1 mm to 3 mm the filling ability increased by 67.5 % whereas experimental casting results showed that filling ability increase by 75 %. The combination of MAGMAsoft® simulation and 3D printed moulds proved to be effective tools in predicting filling and feeding of thin-walled aluminium components during sand casting. MAGMAsoft® casting software was used to simulate metal flow and predict the degree of filling at different pouring temperatures. Test samples were cast using 1060 Aluminium alloy at temperatures of 702 °C, 729 °C, 761 °C, 794 °C, 800 °C and 862 °C. Complete mould filling was predicted at 800 °C using the simulation model and 761°C during actual casting. At temperatures above 761°C tearing at the junction was quite pronounced. An optimal of 761°C pouring temperature was found to be appropriate pouring temperature when casting thin-walled aluminum components using sand casting. MAGMAsoft® casting software proved to be an effective tool in optimizing filling and feeding of thin-walled aluminium components during sand casting. Nodular cast iron pump impeller was optimized at 1500 °C using MAGMAsoft® and 3D mould printing technology. Design variables used were feeder radius (17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm and 20 mm), feeder height (32 mm, 33 mm, 34 mm, 35 mm) and number of feeders of (3, 4 and 5). Simulation and casting results showed a completely-filled casting. The high fluidity of nodular cast iron promotes mould filling ability and prevent any form of misrun defect. Minimum shrinkage was noted at the junctions and top surface of the casting. A new design was proposed to eliminate shrinkage defects at the junctions of the nodular cast iron pump impeller. The design used a tapered circular runner bar with straight ingates. Optimization of nodular cast iron was now done at 1390 °C with the use of MAGMAsoft® and real casting was done 1385 °C. Simulation and casting were in correlation to each other since both showed completely-filled mould cavity with no misrun, cold-shut and shrinkage porosity defect. Simulation proved to be an effective tool in optimizing filling and solidification of nodular cast iron during sand casting. Austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller was optimized at 1500 °C using MAGMAsoft® and 3D mould printing technology. A high quality mould and core print were printed with the use of Voxeljet VX1000 at a minimum period of time. Design variables used were feeder radius (17 mm, 18 mm, 19 mm and 20 mm), feeder height (32 mm, 33 mm, 34 mm, 35 mm) and number of feeders of (3, 4 and 5). An increase in feeder size and the number of feeders greatly reduced hot spot and porosity of the casting but it also reduced the casting yield. The quality of the casting was found to be inversely proportional to the casting yield. Simulation showed a completely-filled casting with actual casting showing only 50 % filling ability. High viscosity of the molten metal and thin walled blades promote quick solidification which caused misrun defects. A new design was proposed to eliminate misrun defects of the first design. MAGMAsoft® was used to optimize this design at 1550 °C. The design used a tapered circular runner bar with tapered ingates. The actual casting showed improved filling ability from 50 % to 80 % while simulation showed completely-filled mould cavity (100 %). Major factors which contributed to low filling ability of austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller were chemistry, runner system and men. Numerical modelling and additive manufacturing did optimize filling and feeding of sand cast austenitic stainless-steel pump impeller.

Conselho Nacional do Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O principal objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um compósito cerâmico e uma tecnologia de laboratório para a produção de materiais de construção com maior percentual de lodo galvânico, lodo de anodização do alumínio, areia de fundição e argila taguá. Os corpos de prova foram confeccionados com 20 g e 16 g em molde de 20 x 60 mm e prensados utilizando-se uma uniaxial de 10 MPa. Os corpos de prova foram sinterizados a temperaturas de 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200 e 1250°C durante 6 horas. Foram realizadas análises de densidade, perda ao fogo, FRX, DRX, MEV/EDS, TGA/DSC, retração linear após queima, absorção de água, resistência de ruptura à flexão e lixiviação, a fim de caracterizar as matérias primas e o material cerâmico desenvolvido. A concentração destes resíduos, utilizados como matérias-primas, variou nos seguintes limites: lodo galvânico 0-10%, lodo de anodização do alumínio 0- 75%, areia de fundição de 0-20% e a argila Taguá de 0-80%. Os valores de resistência de ruptura à flexão na composição 1 a 900 °C alcançaram 5,87 MPa e a 1250 °C alcançaram 12,99 MPa, na composição 7 a 900 °C – 1,40 MPa, e a 1250 °C – 26,82 MPa. Através de métodos de MEV, observou-se que a temperatura de 900 °C a interação das particulas é mecânica e a temperatura de 1250 °C esta interação tornou-se coesa e a argila funde-se transforma-se em um material semelhante ao vidro. Os resultados do ensaio de lixiviação apontaram que os materiais cerâmicos após a sinterização apresentaram traços de Pb, Cu, Al e Fe, tendo imobilizado apenas parte dos metais pesados analisados, o que os classifica como resíduos perigosos. Em comparação com as normas brasileiras, no quesito resistência, as cerâmicas atenderam aos parâmetros para uso em blocos cerâmicos para alvenaria estrutural nas categorias A, B e C e tijolos maciços comuns para alvenaria, respectivamente, no entanto, a imobilização de metais pesados carece de ajustes para que se alcance um material cerâmico ambientalmente amigável. / The main objective of this study is to develop a ceramic composite and laboratory technology for the production of building materials with higher percentage of galvanic sludge, aluminium anodizing sludge, foundry sand and clay Taguá. The bodies of proof (CPs) were made with 20 g and 16 g in 20 x 60 mm mould and with uniaxial press of 10 MPa. The CPs were sintered at temperatures of 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200 and 1250° C for 6 hours. Density analyses were performed, fire loss, FRX, DRX, SEM/EDS, TGA/DSC, linear firing shrinkage, water absorption, flexural strength and leaching in order to characterize raw materials and developed ceramic material. The concentration of these residues, that were used as raw materials, varied in the following boundaries: galvanic sludge 0-10%, aluminium anodizing sludge 0- 75%, 0-20% foundry sand and clay Taguá of 0-80%. The values of flexural strength in composition 1 were 900 °C reached 5.87 MPa and 1250 °C reached 12.99 MPa, and composition 7 to 900 °C – 1.40 MPa, and 1250 °C – 26.82 MPa. SEM to the temperature of 900 °C showed the interaction of particles is mechanical and to the one of 1250 °C exhibited the cohesive interaction and clay fusion produced a material similar to glass. The results of the leaching indicated that the ceramic materials after sintering showed traces of Pb, Cu, Al and Fe, having immobilised just part of heavy metals present in the composition, which classifies it as hazardous waste. In comparison with the Brazilian standards, resistance aspect met the requirement for use in ceramic blocks for structural masonry in categories A, B and C, and solid bricks for masonry, respectively, however, the immobilization of heavy metals requires adjustments to achieve an environmentally friendly ceramic material.