Tsang Chin-kan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-176). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of contents --- p.vi / List of tables --- p.ix / List of figures --- p.x / List of plates --- p.xii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Municipal solid waste generation and disposal --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Land filling --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Landfill sturcture --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Landfill envelope --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Landfill lining --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Leach ate collection and removal system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Gas collection and control system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Final cover system --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Landfill leach ate generation and characterization --- p.11 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Landfill stabilization and leachate characteristics --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Aerobic phase / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Acetogenic phase / Chapter 1.4.1.3 --- Methanogenic phase / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Leachtate characteristic and landfill age --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Toxicity of landfill leachate --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6 --- Leachate treatment --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Land disposal --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.1.1 --- Leachate recirculation / Chapter 1.6.1.2 --- Leachate irrigation / Chapter 1.7 --- Landfills in Hong Kong --- p.25 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Landfill leachate generation in Hong Kong --- p.27 / Chapter 1.8 --- Selection of sampling sites --- p.29 / Chapter 1.9 --- Knowledge gaps --- p.33 / Chapter 1.10 --- Aims of thesis --- p.34 / Chapter 1.11 --- Project outlines --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Species selection for leachate irrigation / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Leachate collection --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Chemical analysis of leachate --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Greenhouse pot experiment --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Plant harvesting and post harvest analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Foliar N and P / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analysis and test endpoints --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Leachate composition --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Plant growth performance --- p.45 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Biomass production --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Chlorophyll fluorescence --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Tissue nutrient contents --- p.58 / Chapter 2.3.5.1 --- Foliar N / Chapter 2.3.5.2 --- Foliar P / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Effects on N-fixation --- p.60 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Factors affecting N-fixation regarding leachate irrigation --- p.63 / Chapter 2.3.7.1 --- Soil mineral N content / Chapter 2.3.7.2 --- Soil acidity / Chapter 2.3.7.3 --- Salinity / Chapter 2.3.7.4 --- Soil aeration / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Species selection --- p.67 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Plant growth response of leachate irrigation on phosphorus-amended soil / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Leachate sampling and analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Experimental setup --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Plant and soil sampling --- p.74 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Soil N / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Soil P / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Leachate composition --- p.76 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Plant growth performance --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Biomass --- p.83 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Tissue contents --- p.87 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Foliar N / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Foliar P / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Soil --- p.91 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- pH and electrical conductivity / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Soil N / Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- Soil P / Chapter 3.3.5.4 --- Addition of lime and gypsum / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Responses in plant growth and soil biology to prolonged landfill leachate irrigation / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Leachate sample and collection --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Soil column design --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Plant establishment --- p.107 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Leachate application --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Soil and plant analysis --- p.108 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Soil texture / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- SOM / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Soil chloride content / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Soil and plant analysis --- p.110 / Chapter 4.2.6.1 --- Dehydrogenase / Chapter 4.2.6.2 --- Phosphatase / Chapter 4.2.6.3 --- Urease / Chapter 4.2.6.4 --- Nitrification / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Percolate --- p.112 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Statistical analysis --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Leachate --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Plants --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Plant growth / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Tissue contents / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Soil --- p.121 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Soil texture / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- pH and EC / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Soil N / Chapter 4.3.3.4 --- Soil P / Chapter 4.3.3.5 --- Soil C1' / Chapter 4.3.3.6 --- SOM / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Soil enzyme and nitrification --- p.132 / Chapter 4.3.4.1 --- Dehydrogenase / Chapter 4.3.4.2 --- Phosphatase / Chapter 4.3.4.3 --- Urease / Chapter 4.3.4.4 --- Nitrification / Chapter 4.3.4.5 --- Correlation analysis / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Percolate --- p.144 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- N balance --- p.150 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- N saturation --- p.153 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.156 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- General conclusions / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.158 / Chapter 5.2 --- General considerations regarding leachate irrigation --- p.161 / Chapter 5.3 --- Research prospects --- p.162 / References --- p.165

Ho So Man. / Thesis submitted in: July 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-148). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.x / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xii / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xiii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- LANDFILLING --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Waste degradation and the by-products --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Restoration works on closed landfills --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Afteruses of closed landfills --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- REVEGETATION ON CLOSED LANDFILLS - COMMON PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3 --- SOIL DEVELOPMENT ON DEGRADED LANDS --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY OF PLANTS ON CLOSED LANDFILLS --- p.14 / Chapter 1.5 --- ECOSYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ON CLOSED LANDFILLS --- p.16 / Chapter 1.6 --- STUDY SITES --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Climate and weather --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Site description --- p.19 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Vegetation composition --- p.24 / Chapter 1.7 --- OBJECTIVES AND SIGNIFICANCES OF STUDY --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- PROPERTIES OF COVER SOIL ON CLOSED LANDFILLS .… --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Field measurement and sample collection --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil analysis --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Landfill gas --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Soil texture --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Bulk density --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- pH --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Electrical conductivity --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Organic carbon --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Nitrogen --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Phosphorus --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.9 --- "Potassium, calcium and magnesium" --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3.10 --- Soil development on degraded land --- p.52 / Chapter 2.4 --- CONCLUSION --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- LITTERFALL AND THROUGHFALL ON CLOSED LANDFILLS / Chapter 3.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Collection of throughfall and bulk precipitation --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Collection of litterfall --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Bulk precipitation and throughfall --- p.58 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Litter --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Bulk precipitation and throughfall --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Temporal variation of nutrient deposition --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- Between site differences in nutrient flux --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Litter production --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Nutrient flux in woodland --- p.84 / Chapter 3.4 --- CONCLUSION --- p.88 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- LITTER DECOMPOSITION STUDY ON CLOSED LANDFILL --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Collection of litter --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Preparation of litterbag --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Chemical analysis --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Initial litter quality --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Litter dry weight loss --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Changes in litter composition --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Nutrient dynamic of decomposing litter --- p.105 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Litterfall and litter decomposition --- p.108 / Chapter 4.4 --- CONCLUSION --- p.110 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- NITROGEN MINERALIZATION ON CLOSED --- p.111 / Chapter 5.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.111 / Chapter 5.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Soil sampling and incubation --- p.113 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Chemical analysis --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- "Calculation for nitrogen mineralization, plant uptake and leaching loss" --- p.114 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.115 / Chapter 5.3 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- "Net ammonification, nitrification and nitrogen mineralization." --- p.116 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Leaching loss of mineral nitrogen --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Plant uptake of mineral nitrogen --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4 --- CONCLUSION --- p.129 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS --- p.131 / REFERENCES --- p.135

Globally, there are 2.5 billion people who do not have access to improved sanitation. One third of these people are living in India. Bad sanitation is both undignified and causes the spread of diseases like diarrhoea. It is a large challenge to handle the problematic situation with sanitation, especially in urban areas. Sustainable sanitary systems that are energy self-sufficient and do not require sewage system are needed. There are new techniques with this in mind that are under development. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the possibilities to implement a sustainable sanitary system in slum areas of Mumbai. The chosen area and existing sanitary techniques is investigated in the literature study. To understand the user requirements and their living situation, a field study is performed in slum areas of Mumbai. Interviews are held with experts from organisations working with the sanitary situation in the area to get a deeper understanding about their experiences. The sanitary situation today is not well functioning, a new way of solving the problem is needed and it has to happen soon. Through an analysis of the empirical findings, three different sanitary situations are presented. It is important that each area is investigated to identify what situation there is, before building new sanitary facilities. To achieve a more sustainable sanitation, one system for each of the three situations should be developed. Requirements for each of the situations are presented and they all have two things in common, the toilet is shared between a determined amount of people and the user has the responsibility for the maintenance. From a cross mapping between the investigated sanitary techniques and the requirements for the three situations, it is clarified what techniques that are suitable in which context. No one of the investigated techniques is a perfect match and further development is needed. One of the sanitary situations is taken further through concept development. The concepts are compared against the requirements to identify the best concept. The best concept with modifications is visualised to exemplify how it may be designed. In the comparison between the requirements and concepts, gaps in the design and issues for further development are identified. The core of this master thesis is to emphasise the importance of having a holistic approach concerning the sanitary situation. It is important that new techniques are being developed with a close connection to the users and the specific environment. By investing money in more sustainable systems, the situation for the slum residents in Mumbai can be improved and at the same time contribute to a more sustainable society.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986.

published_or_final_version / Civil and Structural Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (M.Sc. Environmental Science)--University of Waikato, 2008. / Title from PDF cover (viewed April 24, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-147)

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1986. / Also available in print.

p. 1-129 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T20:46:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 2069394 bytes, checksum: 2a77882e3cfb2ab961284d94ac11c8a4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva(mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-04T17:25:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 2069394 bytes, checksum: 2a77882e3cfb2ab961284d94ac11c8a4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-04T17:25:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 11111.pdf: 2069394 bytes, checksum: 2a77882e3cfb2ab961284d94ac11c8a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / As dificuldades da vigilância sanitária em lidar com a complexidade presente nos serviços de saúde parecem estar associadas à falta de instrumentos adequados para alicerçar suas práticas. Um caso que parece exemplificar os serviços de saúde na atualidade são os serviços de diálise que possuem uma grande quantidade de tecnologia agregada em maquinários e procedimentos. Com o objetivo de analisar, sob a ótica da vigilância sanitária, os riscos existentes nos serviços de hemodiálise, no estado da Bahia, entre 2000 e 2005, conformou-se um estudo de casos múltiplos, descritivo e aplicado, definindo-se a modalidade hemodiálise como objeto de pesquisa por representar a maioria dos tratamentos dialíticos realizados no Brasil. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, utilizando-se como técnicas para a operacionalização do estudo a observação direta, a análise documental e a modelagem. O desenvolvimento do estudo proposto foi realizado através da construção de três artigos que se complementam em função do problema em foco. O primeiro teve por objetivo propor uma organização das ações de vigilância sanitária e identificar aportes teóricos para o desenvolvimento de instrumentos que facilitem a apreensão da realidade em serviços de saúde. O segundo desenvolveu um modelo sistêmico, utilizando lógica fuzzy, capaz de gerar um indicador de risco potencial do processo e indicadores de controle sanitário hierarquizados por elementos do processo e atividades do procedimento de hemodiálise. Finalmente, o terceiro artigo analisa os riscos existentes em quatro serviços de hemodiálise na Bahia, entre 2000 a 2005, utilizando o sistema lógico fuzzy desenvolvido e comparando os resultados encontrados com os relatórios de inspeção sanitária existentes nos arquivos do órgão estadual de vigilância sanitária. Os resultados apresentados sugerem a pertinência do uso do sistema lógico fuzzy e uma tendência na redução nos riscos, a partir de 2003, na maioria dos serviços estudados. / Salvador

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-04-19T12:16:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8026382 bytes, checksum: d4aeecccf7a09d631a2c47c0944ed6dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-19T12:16:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8026382 bytes, checksum: d4aeecccf7a09d631a2c47c0944ed6dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In Brazil, sanitary conditions experienced by population are admittedly deficient in most of the country. This situation favors the continuity of a reality that involves dissemination of endemic diseases, making the state spends resources on medical care that could be used in disease prevention. In contrast, the society seeks, by its own means, to minimize the social and environmental problems through social practices of strategic use of resources of the territory. However, in some cases, these practices may be ineffective, or even harmful to individual and collective health. Thus, this study aimed to establish a relationship between sanitation, social practices and health, analyzing sanitation infrastructure, with emphasis on sanitary sewage and water supply; sanitary social practices within local social and environmental conditions; and incidence of endemic diseases in the population. For this, as study area four neighborhoods of the municipality of Abreu e Lima (Caetés III, Centro, Fosfato e Planalto), located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, were used. Besides the intra-urban socio-spatial differences, the study also sought to grasp reality through fieldwork involving questionnaires. Thereby, in possession of these and other data, derived from responsible official bodies, an analysis of the presented situation was carried out, in order to examine how determinants can be these social practices to health of population in face of their environmental conditions. After crossing of this information, poor sanitation infrastructure situation in the municipality could be observed, where the main problems lie in the intermittency of water supply and the absence of a sanitary sewage system in most of municipality. It was also found that, in an attempt to remedy these problems, population acquires specific sanitary practices, such as water storage and construction of rudimentary tanks. Furthermore, even in the neighborhoods where these practices and sanitation infrastructure were considered more appropriate, there was a higher rate of dissemination of waterborne diseases. Therefore, it might be inferred the environment-health-sanitation triad establishes complex relationships that do not obey an immutable logic and, thus, each area gives its particularity, and may have different realities. / No Brasil, as condições sanitárias vivenciadas pela população são reconhecidamente deficitárias na maior parte do país. Tal situação favorece a continuidade de uma realidade que envolve a disseminação de doenças endêmicas, fazendo com que o Estado gaste com tratamento médico recursos que poderiam estar sendo empregados na prevenção das doenças. Em contrapartida, a sociedade busca, por seus próprios meios, minimizar os problemas socioambientais mediante práticas sociais de uso estratégico dos recursos do território. Entretanto, em alguns casos, estas práticas podem ser ineficientes, ou até mesmo danosas à saúde individual e coletiva. Assim, o trabalho aqui descrito, objetivou estabelecer uma relação entre o saneamento, as práticas sociais e a saúde, analisando a infraestrutura de saneamento, com ênfase no esgotamento sanitário e abastecimento de água; as práticas sociais sanitárias no âmbito das condições socioambientais locais; e a incidência de doenças endêmicas na população. Para isto, utilizou-se como área de estudo quatro bairros do Município de Abreu e Lima (Caetés III, Centro, Fosfato e Planalto), localizado na Região Metropolitana de Recife. Além das diferenças socioespaciais intraurbanas, também se buscou apreender a realidade por meio de um trabalho de campo envolvendo aplicação de questionários. Dessa forma, de posse desses e de outros dados, oriundos de órgãos oficiais responsáveis, foi realizada uma análise da conjuntura apresentada, na ânsia de verificar o quão determinantes podem ser essas práticas sociais para a saúde da população diante de suas condições ambientais. Após o cruzamento dessas informações, pôde ser constatada a precária situação de infraestrutura de saneamento básico no município, onde os principais problemas encontram-se na intermitência do abastecimento de água e na ausência de uma rede de esgotamento sanitário na maior parte do município. Foi verificado, ainda, que, na tentativa de sanar esses problemas, a população adquire práticas sanitárias específicas, como o armazenamento de água e construção de fossas rudimentares. Além disso, mesmo nos bairros onde essas práticas e a infraestrutura de saneamento foram consideradas mais adequadas, verificou-se um maior índice de disseminação de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Portanto, foi possível inferir que a tríade ambiente-saúde-saneamento estabelece relações complexas que não obedecem a uma lógica imutável e, assim, cada espaço confere a sua particularidade, podendo apresentar diferentes realidades.

Mensfattigdom är ett problem som finns i hela världen där kvinnor inte har tillgång till ett säkert mensskydd och där tabun kring mens sitter hårt rotad. Detta bidrar till ökade ojämlikheter i världen. Denna kandidatuppsats beskriver en produktutvecklingsprocess av en återanvändningsbar binda. Syftet med denna studie är att ta fram en fungerande fästanordning samt utforska passformen för en existerande återanvändningsbar binda. Detta genom att använda tidigare forskning och genom marknadsundersökning. En uppdaterad binda och fästanordning tillverkas och analyseras för att kontrollera att den uppsydda protypen överensstämmer med de framtagna måtten. En avprovning sker där provpersonerna får utöva vissa rörelser och svara på en enkät angående komfort och passform av bindan och fästanordningen. Resultatet för avprovningen och enkäten ligger till grund för produktutvecklingen. Resultatet visar en vidareutveckling av passformen och en ny fästanordning. Studiens resultat visar också en ny kategorisering av återanvändningsbara bindor. Förhoppningen med denna studie är att bidra till en större förståelse av passform på bindor och att vidare forskning kan ske inom ämnet. / Menstrual poverty is an issue that exists all over the world where women do not have access to safe menstrual protection and where taboos around menstruation are deeply rooted. This adds to increased inequalities in the world. This bachelor thesis describes the product development process of a reusable menstrual pad. The purpose of this study is to develop a functional fastening device and improve the fit of an existing reusable pad. This is done by utilizing previous research and perform a market survey to develop an updated pad. The updated pad and fastener are manufactured and analysed to verify that the sewn prototype conforms to the dimensions established in the survey. The market survey includes a test where the test subjects carry out certain movements and answers a questionnaire regarding the comfort and fit of the bandage and the fastening device. The results of the survey and questionnaire then form the basis for product development. The result shows a further development of the fit and a new fastening device. The results of the study also show a new categorization of reusable sanitary pads. The hope with this study is to contribute to a greater understanding of the fit of sanitary pads and that further research can take place in the subject.