This report investigates sustainable solutions for electricity and water savings in an urban neighbourhood consisting of a block of buildings in Sege Park, Malmö. The solutions were evaluated in terms of sharing, producing, recycling and saving. The proposed solution includes a solar panel system on the available rooftop area for electricity production. Recycling and water savings includes collecting rainwater and reusing greywater for daily water demand in terms of flushing toilets, laundry and irrigation. Energy savings are achieved by using heat exchangers for space and water heating. Results from simulations in MATLAB and Excel showed that the electricity production reached a coverage ratioof 20% of the yearly consumption with hourly matching. However, the block has an excess electricity production, a total of 17,400 kWh, that does not correlate with the demand. Water demand for flushing toilets, laundering and irrigation during an average day can be matched by the reuse of greywater alone. Collection of rainwater is not required, although possible. The amount of reusable water, 18,540 litres a day, can cover the greywater need for three blocks equivalent to the one investigated. The conclusion is that water demand can be covered by greywater but electricity demand is too high for self-sustainability, even with the best solar panels available today.

Thesis (M. Env. St.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-64).

This paper is about save systems and will analyze save functions in various games. Save systems in games are usually blamed for harming the suspension of disbelief as it is an act taking place outside the game and should only be used for its intended purpose: letting the players store their game data, and progress whenever they need. The game save function developed as rapid leaps of technology were made, with the beginning era of home consoles and home computers allowing players to spend more time playing, creating a demand for longer play sessions in games which lead to a need of methods for storing game data. The analysis of save systems is carried out in this paper by using MDA Framework (Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics), a tool used for documenting game design. This framework can be used to analyze a game from a designer‟s or player‟s perspective. By reversing the framework ADM (Aesthetics, Dynamics and Mechanics) one can analyze the user experience, which is how the player perceives the game‟s aesthetics to be, depending on the dynamics and mechanics. This analysis aims to provide knowledge of how consistency in game design and the save system can be used to create a cohesive game world that facillitates the player's experience and immersion.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This article presents the design of an unmanned aerial vehicle manufactured in aramid, through the use of sensors and actuators for flight stabilization, capturing the images through a thermal imager and its wireless transmission for ground processing for application in the social security area used in fire accidents. The work shows that it is feasible to use the aramid material for the construction of the prototype, since it is a high temperature resistant material, also the integration of neural networks for semi-automatic flight control. The results of this research will serve to develop more advanced control devices, with simple components and controls so that people with technological limitations can use it, so that they can save lives in danger, that of their colleagues or themselves. / Revisión por pares

In this paper, a model to estimate personal savings is constructed using an estimate of permanent income. Traditional approaches to studying aggregate personal savings depend on many independent variables that serve as the determinants of personal saving. Because some of the determinants used in such approaches can be difficult to obtain, estimating aggregate saving in this manner can be time-consuming and arduous. Using an estimate of permanent income based on Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis (PIH), this paper creates a model to estimate personal savings and tests the model by examining the Marginal Propensity to Save (MPS) that is derived from it. Permanent income was estimated using a two-stage least squares (2SLS) method and aggregate personal savings is estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS). The empirical evidence reveals that savings estimates and marginal propensities to save are consistent with results obtained studies using conventional approaches except during periods in which a wealth effect occurs. During such periods, additional variables need to be added to the model to account for a wealth effect. This analysis therefore serves to further validate the PIH and shows that it can be applied to studying household savings as well as consumption. / Master of Arts

Concern about water quality has become an important environmental issue in the world, the United States, and Virginia. Volunteers have increasingly stepped forward to assist in the water quality monitoring task, and both state and federal protection agencies increasingly depend upon such voluntary assistance. The Izaak Walton League's Save Our Streams (SOS) is one such volunteer citizen water quality monitoring program. Recruiting, training, organizing and retaining volunteers are among the most resource intensive tasks of volunteer organizations. The purpose of this thesis is to document the motivations of SOS volunteers and the primary causes of their attrition in order to improve the SOS program as well as to enhance the experience of SOS volunteers. We also compared motivations of SOS volunteers, differences in SOS volunteers' evaluation of the program, and suggestions for improvements by varying participation levels in volunteerism. We found that SOS volunteers are primarily motivated by a desire to protect streams and to improve water quality. Learning about streams and teaching these concepts to others were also important motivations. Volunteers cited not enough time and having too many other obligations as the main reasons why they stopped participating in SOS activities. Recruitment and retention of SOS volunteers may be aided by providing feedback about how volunteer data are being used by protection agencies to protect streams, and providing opportunities for learning about streams and teaching these concepts to others. Lastly, we found that those volunteers who were most active in SOS differed in their motivations for participating, tended to be the most critical of the services and materials, and were most adamant about their data being used to protect streams. / Master of Science

The emergence of grammatical norms in postcolonial varieties of English has been argued to manifest itself in quantitative preferences rather than in categorical distinctions (cf. Schneider 2007: 46). Several studies on Indian English, however, have shown that this South Asian variety has developed innovative uses, i.e. marked qualitative differences, for the additive focus marker also and the restrictive focus markers only and itself as presentational focus markers (Bhatt 2000, Lange 2007, Balasubramanian 2009), e.g. Since 7 am itself, schoolchildren started to reach the venue smartly dressed and armed with their queries and waited patiently for more than two hours for the programme to begin. (IN_TI_38032) Number-related mismatches in agreement between the antecedent in plural and the focus marker in singular have also been attested. This structural phenomenon may be indicative of a grammaticalization process of the focus marker itself to an invariant focus particle as illustrated in the following example. He said the temporary peace achieved by leaders of the country was a victory for the Sri Lankan Security Forces itself as it was gained by the Security Forces at the expense of their lives. (LK_DN_2004-07-02) The present study is concerned with variation and convergence in the use of focus marking with itself in South Asian Englishes, i.e. Bangladeshi English, Indian English, Maldivian English, Nepali English, Pakistani English and Sri Lankan English. On the basis of the South Asian varieties of English (SAVE) corpus, an 18-million word web-based newspaper corpus featuring acrolectal language use of the varieties under scrutiny (cf. Bernaisch et al. 2011), we report on the pervasiveness of (presentational) focus marking with itself. Although the novel usage of itself as illustrated above certainly represents a feature of South Asian English, there is a clear pattern characterised by unity and diversity with regard to the individual varieties of English in South Asia.Despite the pan-South Asian presence of presentational itself, quantity, grammaticalization processes and structural combinability provide grounds to argue that presentational itself is more firmly rooted in some South Asian varieties of English (e.g. Indian English and Sri Lankan English) than in others (Bangladeshi English or Maldivian English).

Les concentrations élevées en pesticides dans les eaux de surface drainant des bassins versants agricoles sont devenues une préoccupation majeure en Europe depuis une cinquantaine d'années. Les pesticides sont transférés dans l'environnement par différentes voies (le ruissellement de surface et de sub-surface, le flux de nappe), soit en solution soit adsorbés aux particules de sol en suspension dans l'eau. Les eaux de ruissellement et de percolation entraînent avec elles des charges de contaminants dont les concentrations en solution peuvent s'avérer toxiques pour la faune et la flore aquatique et rendre l'eau impropre à la consommation humaine si le réseau de drainage est une source de captage pour l'alimentation en eau potable. Les crues constituent donc des événements hydrologiques de première importance dans la contamination des eaux continentales par les pesticides. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont été de (1) caractériser, à l'aide d'un modèle agro-hydrologique, la dynamique des transferts de pesticides à l'échelle du bassin versant dans une région agricole, notamment en période de crue ; (2) identifier les facteurs de contrôle du transfert de pesticides et (3) améliorer, le cas échéant, les équations formalisées dans le modèle. Deux approches ont été menées de front afin de répondre aux questions posées : l'analyse de données mesurées et modélisées sur le bassin versant agricole de la Save (sud-ouest de la France). Une étude de faisabilité réalisée en préliminaire a montré que le modèle Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT - Arnold et al., 1998) était adapté à la modélisation du transfert de pesticides, dans les phases dissoute et particulaire, à l'échelle du bassin versant. L'hydrologie et les concentrations à l'exutoire des phases dissoute et particulaire (respectivement les nitrates et les matières en suspension) ont été calibrées. Les voies privilégiées de transfert des pesticides en fonction des conditions hydrologiques ont été identifiées. La modélisation a ensuite été mise en œuvre avec des itinéraires techniques plus détaillés en entrée du modèle et des mesures sub-journalières de pesticides en crue. Les différentes voies de transfert des pesticides dans les deux phases, ainsi que leurs facteurs de contrôle environnementaux, ont été étudiés. Deux facteurs de contrôle, respectivement dépendant des pratiques agricoles (la date d'application des pesticides, qui est un facteur anthropique) et intrinsèque aux molécules de pesticides (le coefficient Kd de partition entre phases dissoute et particulaire, qui est un facteur physico-chimique) ont été abordés plus en détail. Le rôle de la typologie du bassin versant sur les transferts est discuté. Des cartes de risque de contamination des eaux de surface par les pesticides sont présentées pour le bassin de la Save. Dans la perspective d'améliorer le formalisme des modèles de transfert des pesticides, une équation qui relie le coefficient Kd au coefficient de distribution octanol/eau Kow et à la concentration en matières en suspension a été proposée. / Rising pesticide levels in streams draining intensively managed agricultural land has become a widespread problem throughout Europe in recent decades. Pesticides are transferred into the environment through various pathways (surface and sub-surface runoff, groundwater return flow), either in solution or sorbed onto particles. Runoff and percolating water carry contaminants loads which concentrations in solution may be harmful to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems rendering water unfit to human consumption if the draining network is a source for drinking water. Floods are hydrological events of major importance in continental waters contamination by pesticides. The objectives of this PhD thesis were (1) to characterise pesticides transfer dynamics at catchment scale in an agricultural area during floods; (2) to identify the factors controlling pesticides transfer and (3) to improve modelling by changing formalism with more suitable equations. Two approaches were set up: analysing both measured and simulated data sets, stemming from the River Save catchment (south-western France). A preliminary feasibility study showed that the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT - Arnold et al., 1998) was adapted for pesticides transfer modelling in both dissolved and sorbed phases, at catchment scale. Water discharge, dissolved and sorbed phases (respectively nitrate and suspended sediments) were calibrated. Pesticides transfer preferred pathways depending on hydrological conditions were identified. Modelling was then carried on more detailed management practices as input and on sub-daily pesticides concentration measurements during flood events. The various transfer pathways in both phases together with the environmental controlling factors were assessed. At last, two controlling factors, respectively depending on management practices (application date, an anthropogenic factor) and on an intrinsic pesticide molecule property (the partition coefficient Kd which is a physico-chemical factor) were studied. The role of catchment typology was discussed. Surface water contamination risk maps were drawn on Save catchment. In order to improve the formalism of pesticide transfer models, an equation was proposed that relates Kd to the octanol/water partition coefficient Kow and to suspended matter concentration.

The emergence of grammatical norms in postcolonial varieties of English has been argued to manifest itself in quantitative preferences rather than in categorical distinctions (cf. Schneider 2007: 46). Several studies on Indian English, however, have shown that this South Asian variety has developed innovative uses, i.e. marked qualitative differences, for the additive focus marker also and the restrictive focus markers only and itself as presentational focus markers (Bhatt 2000, Lange 2007, Balasubramanian 2009), e.g. Since 7 am itself, schoolchildren started to reach the venue smartly dressed and armed with their queries and waited patiently for more than two hours for the programme to begin. (IN_TI_38032) Number-related mismatches in agreement between the antecedent in plural and the focus marker in singular have also been attested. This structural phenomenon may be indicative of a grammaticalization process of the focus marker itself to an invariant focus particle as illustrated in the following example. He said the temporary peace achieved by leaders of the country was a victory for the Sri Lankan Security Forces itself as it was gained by the Security Forces at the expense of their lives. (LK_DN_2004-07-02) The present study is concerned with variation and convergence in the use of focus marking with itself in South Asian Englishes, i.e. Bangladeshi English, Indian English, Maldivian English, Nepali English, Pakistani English and Sri Lankan English. On the basis of the South Asian varieties of English (SAVE) corpus, an 18-million word web-based newspaper corpus featuring acrolectal language use of the varieties under scrutiny (cf. Bernaisch et al. 2011), we report on the pervasiveness of (presentational) focus marking with itself. Although the novel usage of itself as illustrated above certainly represents a feature of South Asian English, there is a clear pattern characterised by unity and diversity with regard to the individual varieties of English in South Asia.Despite the pan-South Asian presence of presentational itself, quantity, grammaticalization processes and structural combinability provide grounds to argue that presentational itself is more firmly rooted in some South Asian varieties of English (e.g. Indian English and Sri Lankan English) than in others (Bangladeshi English or Maldivian English).

Med detta arbete vill vi se bortom en generellt ogrundad kritik av rekordårens bebyggelse och istället på djupet försöka förstå de kvaliteter som är sprungna ur den tidens ideal. Rekordåren är en unik epok i svenskt bostadsbyggande, och det är av stort samhällsintresse att försöka förstå hur de storskaliga bostadsområdena fungerar, hur de utformats, förändrats och vilket utgångsläge de finner sig i idag. Genom att betrakta dessa områden som del av vårt gemensamma kulturarv finns det möjlighet att på ett nyanserat sätt hitta värden i dess fysiska struktur. I arbetets inledande del görs en forskningsöversikt, med två separata grenar; den ena går igenom rekordårens storskaliga bostadsbebyggelse och dess karaktärsdrag. Den andra delen går igenom begreppet "kulturarv" och synen på vad "värde" innebär i sammanhanget. Sist redogörs den forskning som diskuterat rekordårens bebyggelse som kulturarv. Den huvudsakliga delen i uppsatsen är två fallstudier, så kallade kulturmiljöanalysmetoder - DIVE respektive SAVE som är framtagna av myndigheter från Sverige, Norge och Danmark med fokus på kulturmiljöfrågor. Analysmetoderna appliceras på fallet Rosengård, som valts ut som representativt för ett storskaligt bostadsområde från rekordåren. Metoderna har tagit in historiska dokument och grafiska material (bilder och illustrationer) för att analysera Rosengårds historiska och arkitektoniska kvaliteter. Analyserna görs utefter tydliga metodiker som beskrivs i DIVE och SAVE. Metoderna resulterar i ett antal rekommendationer och förslag på hur de presenterade kulturvärdena kan hanteras vid framtida exploatering och utveckling, som inte fördärvar kulturarvet. I den avslutande delen svarar vi på frågeställningarna om vilka kvaliteter som kan identifieras i rekordårens storskaliga bostadsbyggande, hur synen mellan olika analysmetoder skiljer sig och sist hur framtida ny bebyggelse kan uppföras inom eller i anslutning till dessa områden med hänsyn till dess karaktäristiska fysiska utformning.