Eftersom svensklärare i hög utsträckning förlitar sig på läromedel i formandet av grammatik-undervisningen bör dess innehåll och struktur ha betydelse för vilka kunskaper som lärs ut. Syftet med föreliggande undersökning är därför att analysera och problematisera hur läromedel för gymnasiets högskoleförberedande kurs Svenska 2 strukturerar de avsnitt som behandlar grammatik. Undersökningens empiriska material består av fem läromedel för gymnasiekursen Svenska 2, vilka analyseras utifrån kvalitativa textanalyser. Undersökningens resultat påvisar att läromedlen präglas av antingen en funktionell grammatik, där grammatiken ses som ett normativt verktyg för skrivandet, eller som en statisk och oproblematiserad begreppskunskap. Vidare påvisas även att många av undersökningens läromedel har brister och är långtifrån alltid helt i överensstämmelse med ämnesplanens mål. Det finns även en betydande skillnad mellan den skolgrammatik som presenteras i undersökningens läromedel och den som språkvetenskapen framhåller. Detta talar för att det är högst centralt att ifrågasätta läromedlens legitimerande funktion. Det som slutligen konstateras är att läromedlen bör komma bort från den traditionella grammatikbeskrivningen, så att lärare kan välja läromedel vars grammatikavsnitt liknar språkvetenskapens. / Because Swedish teachers rely heavily on teaching materials in the form of grammar education, the content and structure thereof should be important for which knowledge is taught. The purpose of the present study is to analyse and problematise how teaching materials for the college preparatory course Swedish 2 structure the sections dealing with grammar. The empirical material of the study consists of five teaching materials for the upper secondary school subject Swedish 2, which were analysed on the basis of qualitative text analyses. The results of the study showed that the teaching materials are characterised by either a functional grammar, where the grammar is seen as a normative tool for writing, or as a static and unproblematised conceptual knowledge. Furthermore, it is also shown that many of the study's teaching materials have shortcomings and are far from always completely in line with the curriculum’s objectives. There is also a significant difference between the school grammar presented in the study's teaching materials and the one that linguistics advocates. This suggests that it is highly central to question the legitimacy of the teaching materials. Finally, it is concluded that the teaching materials should be removed from the traditional grammar description so that teachers can choose teaching materials whose grammar sections are similar to linguistics.

In the context of New Public Management, concepts such as lean have had a major impact among organizations in recent years with efficiency ideas based on customer focus. Moreover, the benefits of lean have served as solutions to the problems and challenges facing the public service. However, previous research is limited in public authority contexts to understand its applicability. The Swedish Social Insurance Agency is a public authority that started implementing lean in 2012 with the aim of streamlining its flow with continuous improvements based on customer value. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to examine how lean is expressed from idea to practice in two departments of the Swedish Social Insurance Agency as a public authority context. This, by illustrating the translation process of the management idea as a strategy based on a strategic and an operational department as an overall level and the everyday work within the core activity at the micro level. Thus, lean is a broad and flexible concept, but the focus of this thesis is on the concepts flow and value. Institutional theory and Scandinavian institutional theory, especially translation theory have been used to apply a model of decontextualization, translation arenas and contextualization, as well as central translators. This to understand how ideas are raised from a practice through various arenas and translated into another practice. To achieve the purpose of this thesis, a two-case study was conducted by the lean introduction of these two departments. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with central managers and employees in the departments as well as with external consultants who have been involved in and influenced introduction of lean. This, in order to understand how the concepts have been translated from arenas and translators at two comparative levels. This thesis also contains internal documents and annual reports as well as observations that have been studied. Results presented in the paper contribute to existing research, with the translation of lean at the strategic and operational level within a public authority context. As such, the results indicate that translation is ongoing everywhere where a link between public and private activities is a way of how ideas are disseminated and translated. In addition, the introduction of lean in the departments had been introduced and tested to a minor extent at the strategic department before the introduction as a top-down process of the entire authority through informal relationships with Scania and Toyota. Analysis shows that the local translation process in both cases is an adaptation between lean and practice. Furthermore, lean did not change the everyday work completely, but was translated in a way that supported how the departments were organized before, rather than radically changing them. Additionally, the analysis shows that the translation of lean was affected by the private sector and other organizations in the area. The various arenas and translators play an important role in how lean is translated into practice. Adaptation to the organizational context is also important for the idea to be successful. However, the thesis shows that a formal actor is required to add energy to maintain the commitment with lean. / I en kontext av New Public Management har idéer som lean fått en stor genomslagskraft bland organisationer på senare tid med effektivitetstankar utifrån ett kundfokus. Vidare, har fördelarna med lean fungerat som lösningar på de problem och utmaningar som offentlig tjänsteverksamhet står inför. Därutöver är tidigare forskning begränsat inom myndighetskontexter för att förstå dess tillämpbarhet. Forskning belyser att empiriska och teoretiska studier efterfrågas på mikronivå inom kärnverksamheters vardagliga arbete i kombination med en övergripande nivå vid införande av management-koncept. Försäkringskassan är en myndighet som påbörjade implementeringen av lean år 2012 i syfte att effektivisera sitt flöde med ständiga förbättringar utifrån kunden i centrum. Av den anledningen är uppsatsens syfte att undersöka hur lean kommer till uttryck från idé till praktik på två av Försäkringskassans avdelningar som en offentlig myndighetskontext. Detta genom att belysa översättningsprocessen av managementidén som verksamhetsstrategi utifrån en strategisk respektive en operativ avdelning som arbetar med övergripande strategi och kärnverksamhet på mikronivå. Lean är således ett brett och flexibelt begrepp, men fokus i uppsatsen är på koncepten flöde och värde. Institutionell teori, skandinavisk institutionell teori och i synnerhet översättningsteori har använts för att tillämpa en modell av dekontextualisering, översättningsarenor och kontextualisering samt centrala översättare. Detta för att förstå hur idéer lyfts från en praxis via olika arenor och översätts till en annan praxis.  För att uppnå syftet har en tvåfallstudie genomförts av lean-införandet på dessa två avdelningar. Semistrukturerade intervjuer har gjorts med centrala chefer och medarbetare på avdelningarna samt med externa konsulter som varit med och påverkat införandet. Detta för att förstå hur koncepten översatts utifrån arenor och översättare på två jämförande nivåer. Uppsatsen innehåller även interna dokument och årsredovisningar samt observationer som studerats. Uppsatsens resultat ger bidrag till existerande forskning, med översättning av lean på strategisk och operativ nivå inom en myndighetskontext. Resultaten tyder på att översättning pågår ständigt överallt där en koppling mellan offentlig och privat verksamhet är ett sätt för hur idéer sprids och översätts. Införandet av lean testades i mindre omfattning på den strategiska avdelningen innan införandet en top-down process på hela myndigheten genom informella relationer till Scania och Toyota. Analyserna visar på att den lokala översättningsprocessen i båda fallen är en anpassning mellan lean och praxis. Dessutom förändrade inte lean det vardagliga arbetet helt utan översattes på ett sätt som avdelningarna sedan tidigare varit organiserade, istället för att radikalt förändra dem. Vidare visar analysen att översättningen av lean påverkades av privat sektor och andra organisationer i omgivningen. De olika arenorna och översättarna fyller en viktig funktion i hur lean översätts till praktiken. Anpassning till den organisatoriska kontexten är även viktig för att idén ska bli framgångsrik. Emellertid visar uppsatsen att en formell aktör krävs för att tillföra energi för att behålla engagemanget för lean.

This written portion of my thesis is aimed at documenting and synthesizing how I, as director, staged an adaptation of Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler through ongoing collaboration with a creative team comprised of dramaturges, designers, and actors. I walk the reader through my exploration of Ibsen’s life and work through travel to the International Ibsen Festival in Oslo, Norway, and describe how I endeavored to lead the production’s creative team by applying feminist theories in directing and embracing the possibility of failure as a means of discovery. I discuss the casting process and establishment of an all-women ensemble, explore the major themes I identified in the play, and reflect on how the creative team strove to subvert the societal expectation of a historical production rooted in realism through designs and artistic choices inspired by the western canon’s ongoing grasp on contemporary theater programming.

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The aim of this master thesis is to analyze how and why Scandinavian-American history has been used in exhibitions in both Scandinavia and the United States after the end of the Great Migration. More specifically, the thesis deals with the Swedish and American exhibitions of the controversial Kensington Rune Stone, discovered in Minnesota in 1898. Despite the fact that its authenticity has been disputed by academic expertise, it has been displayed by many prominent actors. The Rune Stone is one of many purportedly pre-Columbian artifacts found in the United States. Moreover, it is an identity marker, harboring many kinds of identity constructions. The thesis therefore focuses on the meanings that the Rune Stone has been charged with since its discovery, as historical culture and in specific exhibits, on how it has been displayed, and on why it has been exhibited at  national museums in both Sweden and the United States.  The principal source materials are five exhibitions of the Kensington Rune Stone. Through an analysis of previous research about the Rune Stone, four dimensions in the historical culture surrounding the Stone have been isolated, which are used as theoretical tools in the analysis. Hence, the previous research is viewed as secondary source materials. Structured into two phases, the analysis highlights both the making of the exhibits and the public display settings. The study shows why the actors considered the Rune Stone important, which dimensions of the historical culture that were activated, and how the actors narrated the history to the public.  This master thesis argues that the Scandinavian-American use of history consists of several dimensions and should be comprehended within a transnational context. The exhibitions of the Kensington Rune Stone differ significantly from each other. From a Swedish point of view, the uses of the Rune Stone in America, as part of a “Viking discourse”, may be regarded as both vulgar and incorrect. However, this study shows that all exhibitions have had common implications. The uses of history take place within national and regional contexts and discourses, but the historical culture is hybridized and entangled across national borders. Consequently, the pre-Columbian historical culture has accompanied the Rune Stone when it moved between cultural contexts.

In this paper, I discuss the presence of farm animals in longhouses during the Iron Age in Sweden with some examples from Europe. Longhouses are often described as multifunctional housing. Though housing animals indoors has been questioned in the past, it remains a generally accepted interpretation. This paper aims to investigate if and how animals were housed inside and how archeologists in the future should work with the issue.

The COSC-1 borehole located in the Lower Seve nappe of the Central Scandinavian Caledonides is intended to study the tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic orogen. The drilling project reached a depth of 2495.8m and obtained samples from different lithologal units of mica schist, amphibolite, gneiss, and mylonitic gneisses.     To test if the samples are suitable for paleomagnetism, laboratory measurements of natural remanent magnetism are performed on sub-samples of the COSC-1 drill core in the paleomagnetic laboratory with alternating field demagnetization, IRM acquisition as well as the temperature dependence of susceptibility measurements. Important properties of the samples such as coercivity, Curie temperature, inclination, and declination are determined with the measurements.     Most of the samples carry a remanent magnetization that can be readily demagnetized with alternating field demagnetization up to 100 mT. Some of the samples may be suitable for paleomagnetism, with the major ferromagnetic mineral compositions of magnetite, hematite, and FeTi oxides. However, low coercivities and median destructive fields suggest that the magnetite-bearing samples will be prone to remagnetization, making them more challenging to use in terms of retrieving a primary magnetization originating from the Caledonian orogeny. The thermomagnetic results of some samples reflect the metamorphic conditions experienced by the rocks and the mineral assemblage changed irreversibly during step-wise heating experiments. These results can possibly be used as an indicator for the metamorphic temperature experienced by the different lithologal units. Although further measurements are needed to get a clearer understanding of the suitability of the COSC-1 sample for paleomagnetic reconstructions (including thermal demagnetization experiments), this thesis indicates that the COSC-1 rocks contain interesting paleo- and rock magnetic features that are worth further study.

Cette étude aspire à inscrire davantage l’Islande du XIIIe siècle dans le débat historiographique de l’individu au Moyen Âge, dont les travaux sont plutôt centrés autour de l’Europe continentale occidentale. Elle pose la question de la perception qu’avaient les anciens Islandais envers eux-mêmes vis-à-vis la notion d’individualisme. Elle cherche à cerner le rapport entretenu avec le collectif, à déterminer si l’Islandais pouvait se concevoir et se définir au-delà de structures ou d’appartenance(s) de groupe. L’analyse du contenu des sagas des Islandais (Íslendingasögur), genre littéraire propre à l’île, permet de formuler une histoire des mentalités à cette fin. C’est la notion d’honneur, thème central dans les textes, qui sert d’angle d’approche pour évaluer le degré d’individualité des anciens Islandais. Les diverses dimensions de l’honneur tel qu’illustré dans les sagas sont alors décortiquées afin de répondre à ce questionnement. L’honneur est ainsi d’abord considéré dans sa relation avec la notion voisine de réputation. Le constat de la place capitale accordée à l’idée de réputation de même que son processus d’établissement sont alors observés. L’honneur est ensuite analysé à travers les logiques et les dynamiques de la course à l’honneur présente dans la littérature, qui sert de motivation aux personnages des récits. Enfin, l’honneur est perçu sous le thème de la perception de sa dignité, et de ce que cela impliquait dans les relations sociales. / This study aspires to place thirteenth-century Iceland more fully within the historiographical debate on the individual in the Middle Ages, which has tended to focus on continental Western Europe. It interrogates the perception that the ancient Icelanders had of themselves in relation to the notion of individualism. In turn, it seeks to identify the sustained relationship with the collective, to determine if the Icelanders could conceive and define themselves beyond group structures or membership. Analysis of the content of the sagas of Icelanders (Íslendingasögur), a literary genre specific to Iceland, makes it possible to formulate a history of mentalité for this purpose. The notion of honor, a central theme in the texts, serves to evaluate the degree of individuality accorded the ancient Icelanders. The various dimensions of honor as expressed in the sagas are then dessected to answer this question. Honor is first considered in its relation to reputation. The importance of the idea of reputation as well as the process by which it is established is then observed. Analysis of how honor and its pursuit are motivating themes in the sagas are then considered. Finally, honor is perceived under the theme of the perception of oneʼs dignity and its social implications.

For thousands of years, people have been hearing, reading, and interpreting stories and myths in light of their own experience. To read a work by a different author living in a different era and setting, people tend to imagine works of literature to be something they are not. To avoid this fateful tendency, I hope to elucidate what it means to read a work of literature and interpret it: love it to the point of wanting to foremost discuss its excellence of being a piece of art. Rather than this being a defense, I would rather call it a musing, an examination on two texts that I adore: Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon Exodus