Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T13:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO JOSE PAULINO.pdf: 1077785 bytes, checksum: 0d9308ac664955b8754af0ed0d116e2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / This work is part of the line of research: Status and Educational Management in the Research Group: Basic Education Policy, the Graduate Program in Education - Master of the Federal University of Maranhão.Its object of study "Management of Municipal Educational Policy: Experience from public municipal Pindaré Alegre do Alto - MA."This process is limited in the reform of the Brazilian state prevalent in the 1990s, and the educational reforms arising from this reconfiguration process of education to new determinations of the market. For this purpose are defined as guiding objectives to reflect on the democratic school management guidelines prioritized education, especially the first legal frameworks: CF / 1988 and LDB (Law No. 9394/96), from conception prevalent in the years 1990. We analyze the role of councils in the area of education, placing them in the context of education, highlighting its nature, principles, objectives and functions. Addresses the process of municipalization of education and the tensions between the established social movement in the legislative process developed in the years 1980/90 in the context of democratization of Brazilian society. The methodology applied to this study is characterized as a qualitative research, whose methodological approach developed articulating documentary and empirical literature. We tried to theoretical contribution contributions Demo (1998), Time (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Walnut, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Birth (2006), Paro (2004), Peace (2004 ), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004) among others. Data collection script was used semi-structured interview using a questionnaire containing open and closed questions applied to a sample of 39 (thirty nine) subjects: managers, teachers, parents, educational coordinators and local education authorities . The study highlighted the importance and need for more knowledge on the part of the school community on design and management principles of democracy, autonomy, participation and management of educational work, as well as investments in initial and continuing training of school subjects, including manager. We emphasize the importance of active participation of the school community, as a contribution to overcoming the social contradictions that resonate within you and help and involvement with a view to the process of building a more humane and democratic society. / O presente trabalho se inscreve na linha de pesquisa: Estado e Gestão Educacional, no Grupo de Pesquisa: Política de Educação Básica, do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Mestrado, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Tem como objeto de análise A Gestão das Políticas Educacionais Municipais: a experiência da rede pública municipal de Alto Alegre do Pindaré MA . Circunscreve-se esse processo no âmbito da reforma do Estado brasileiro prevalente nos anos de 1990, e as reformas educativas decorrentes desse processo de reconfiguração da educação às novas determinações do mercado. Para isso, definem-se como objetivos norteadores refletir sobre a gestão escolar democrática priorizada nas diretrizes educacionais, destacando-se inicialmente os marcos legais: CF/ 1988 e a LDB (Lei n.º 9394/96), a partir da concepção prevalente nos anos de 1990; analisar o papel dos conselhos na área de educação, situando-os no contexto dos sistemas de ensino, destacando sua natureza, princípios, objetivos e funções; abordar o processo de municipalização da educação e as tensões estabelecidas entre o movimento social, no âmbito do processo legislativo desenvolvido nos anos de 1980/90, no contexto de democratização da sociedade brasileira. Quanto à metodologia aplicada, o presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, cuja proposta metodológica desenvolveu-se articulando pesquisa bibliográfica documental e empírica. Buscou-se aporte teórico nas contribuições de Demo (2009), Hora (2011), Frigotto (2004), Gohn (2002), Nogueira, Romanelli, Zago (2000), Nascimento (2006), Paro (2004), Paz (2004), Werle (2008), Sheinvar; Algebaile (2004), entre outros. Na coleta de dados utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, utilizando-se questionários contendo questões abertas e fechadas, aplicados a uma amostra constituída por 39 (trinta e nove) sujeitos: gestores, professores, pais, coordenadores pedagógicos e autoridades municipais de educação. O estudo realizado ressaltou a importância e a necessidade de um maior conhecimento por parte da comunidade escolar sobre concepção e princípios de gestão democrática, autonomia, participação e sobre gestão do trabalho pedagógico, além de investimentos na formação inicial e continuada dos sujeitos da escola, incluindo o gestor. Enfatiza-se a importância da participação efetiva da comunidade escolar, na perspectiva de contribuir para a superação das contradições sociais que repercutem no seu interior e de auxiliar e fomentar a participação com vistas ao processo de construção de uma sociedade mais humana e democrática.

M.Ed.

M.Ed. / Since the first democratic election in South Africa in 1994, there has been significant change and development in all spheres of our lives. Democracy and the implementation of a new Constitution have brought about changes, even in the education system. The democratic system of education is characterised by the new Act that is, the South African Schools Act (SASA) No. 84 of 1996 (RSA, 1996b). This Act acknowledges the importance of parents as stakeholders in the school governing bodies (SGBs). It also outlines the other important responsibilities of school governing bodies such as taking the responsibility of managing school funds. Section 36 of the South African Schools Act (RSA,1996b) states that “… a governing body of a public school must take all reasonable measures within its means to supplement the resources supplied by the state in order to improve the quality of education provided by the school to all learners at the school.” It is the responsibility of the state to ensure that schools are fully resourced, be it financial, human or physical resources. There is a perception amongst educators and other stakeholders such as parents that resources allocated by the state are inadequate. If the state funds schools fully, more children will receive quality education as the new funding method or formula is applied. Fundraising is necessary to supplement the resources allocated by the state. The lack of funds in disadvantaged communities is the cause of schools being ineffective institutions of teaching and learning. The aim of this research study was to explore the role of the SGB in managing fundraising for public primary schools in disadvantaged communities. This was undertaken in order to formulate guidelines for SGBs to effectively manage fundraising. A qualitative research design that was explorative, descriptive and contextual was employed. The researcher conducted focus group interviews in order to collect data. The data collected was analysed and interpreted and various themes and categories were identified. Quotations from the prescribed interviews were given to substantiate the themes and categories identified through data analysis. According to the literature review and responses from focus group interviews, it is the responsibility of the state to ensure that schools are fully resourced. However, this is not possible and it is for this reason that school governing bodies must supplement funds through fundraising. Since this research study was limited to Tembisa West in Ekurhuleni District (D6) one of the recommendations made by the researcher is that further research should be undertaken on managing fundraising in all Gauteng Province public primary schools. Future research studies on this phenomenon must be broader with special emphasis on the experiences and perceptions of SGBs in disadvantaged communities in the Gauteng Province. / Prof. R. Mestry

The Schools Act 84 of 1996 has given governing bodies (SGBs) the responsibility of managing school finances. The Act prescribes that the SGB must prepare a budget annually. A school’s budget is an important financial management tool, which ensures that adequate resources are procured in a cost-effective manner in order to enhance teaching and learning. However, schools are grappling with diminishing financial resources and this factor reduces the school’s capacity to respond to the changing needs of learners. Furthermore, SGBs lack the necessary skills and competence to manage funds. The general aim of this research was to determine whether schools prepare budgets effectively, resulting in the optimum utilization of physical resources which will improve the quality of teaching and learning. A literature study was undertaken relating to effective budgeting for the optimum utilisation of physical resources for effective teaching and learning to take place. It outlined school finances in other countries and the impact that budgets have on effective school management. It also gave a detailed account of the process of budgeting and more importantly it outlined in detail the effect of physical resources on school improvement. A quantitative study was made through a structured questionnaire developed from a literature survey. A discussion of the respondents sampled, their biographical details in the form of graphs and the return-rate of questionnaires were also discussed. The questionnaire was discussed as well as the mean scores of various items. Some pertinent questions relating to effective budgeting was also discussed. Educators regard financial management as an important component of school management. They also regard the optimum utilization of resources as key to effective teaching and learning in the classroom. The data was analysed. The Pearson’s Chi Square value as well as Cramer’s V value was discussed using cross-tabulations. Pertinent questions were analysed using these techniques and possible explanations were given to empirical findings. Taking it from school to school or using cross-tabulation on whether educators are SGB members or not, reveals a similar trend that budgets are being drawn up through very little input from all stakeholders. This is a cause for concern. Few educators agree that the DoE provides schools with the necessary physical resources for teaching. This implies that schools have to provide the necessary resources for effective teaching to take place, which further impacts on the budgetary process. Schools have to levy fees on its learners or embark on fundraising projects to supplement the monies from the state. Finally findings from the literature as well important empirical findings were discussed, together with recommendations. Although some SGB training was provided, it has not been focused and thorough, or it has been done by incompetent trainers. Workshops should be conducted by accountants and financial experts with careful monitoring at each stage. There should be regular feedback and evaluation. SGBs should co-opt financial experts from their communities to assist in this delicate task. The SGB should ensure that they involve all stakeholders when initiating the budget process. In this regard, schools could make use of programme budgeting so that all learning areas are catered for and all educators, parents and the community at large are involved. Effective budgeting will go a long way towards achieving the educational goals of schools by ensuring that all physical resources are utilized optimally. / Prof. R. Mestry

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Education (Management) at the Durban Institute of Technology, 2003. / The provincial education departments in South Africa pay the salaries of educators who are appointed by them. A school governing body pays for all other routine expenses incurred in the operation of a school and the employment of staff. Staff not employed by the provincial education department are paid from its school fund, which is subsidised by the state. This subsidy is based on the Norms and Standards for School Funding (South African Schools' Act No. 84 of 1996), which was implemented in January 2000. It provides for the poorest of schools (numbering approximately 40 % of all public school in Kwazulu-Natal) to receive 60 % of the funds allocated for the operational needs of the schools in Kwazulu-Natal. / M

D.Ed. / The South African Schools Act 84 of 1996 mandates the introduction of democratic school governance. The problems that need to be addressed are poor school governance, poorly motivated learners and educators, and a general lack of managerial skills in school leadership. This research has argued that developing school governing bodies, and providing them with the skills to govern effectively, is crucial to the success of a school transformation process. The research concentrated on schools in the Northern Cape and Gauteng Province. A quantitative research methodology was used to elicit the perceptions of educators with regard to the frequency with which school leaders practice collaborative leadership. A structured questionnaire consisting of 61 items was administered to 500 educators, with a return of 87%. In this research, 61 items were formulated to secure information on the importance of various essential functions for school leaders to collaboratively govern their schools. The construct validity of the instrument in this research was investigated by means of successive first and second order factor analytic procedures performed on the 61 items. The first order procedure involved a principal component analysis (PCA1) followed by a principal factor analysis (PFA1). The following four first order factors were derived from the first analytic procedure performed on the 61 items: Achievement orientated leadership consisting of 25 items with a Cronbach-Alpha reliability of 0,979 with no items rejected. Team orientated leadership consisting of 15 items with a Cronbach- Alpha reliability of 0,962 with no items rejected. Communication orientated leadership consisting of 14 items with Cronback-Alpha reliability of 0,962 with no items rejected. Innovation orientated leadership consisting of 7 items with a Cronbach- Alpha reliability of 0,913. The four obtained from the first order factor analysis were now used as inputs for the second order procedure. These procedures resulted in the four factors consisting of 61 items being reduced to one factor that was named authentic collaborative leadership. It had a Cronbach-Alpha reliability coefficient of 0,990 with no items rejected. The literature survey was used to indicate the difference between authentic collaborative leadership based on an achievement, team, communication, and innovation orientation and inauthentic collaboration based on contrived collegiality. The research is concluded with recommendations based on 19 findings.

The problem in this study lies in the school governing body`s lack of understanding their role in financial administration at Sokisi Secondary School (not its real name). This led to them spending money on the things that were not budgeted for, as well as ensuring the smooth running of the school. The purpose of this study was to help the School Governing Body members to know their functions and also to know how to manage the school’s budget. The qualitative research methodology was chosen for this study. The data collection strategy used was interviews. Six governing body members were interviewed, observed and recorded. The findings in this research were that the School Governing Body members knew that for them to manage the budget efficiently, they must have a sound financial policy. The researcher also discovered that the governing body members had little knowledge of what was expected from them because they were not trained. Concepts such as financial administration and financial planning were discussed. / Dr. B.V. Nduna

M.Ed. / The need for co-operative governance in schools is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and also in the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. Although the need for co-operative governance is highlighted in the legislation, it does not mean it is taking place in our schools as advocated. This research provides an analysis and critique of the roles of the stakeholders represented in the SGB in co-operative school governance as elucidated in the literature and also advocated by the legislation. The aim of this research is to probe the perceptions of various members of the SGB’s regarding co-operative school governance as mandated by the legislation, that is the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the South African Schools Act 84 of 1996. This research starts with the introduction and contextualisation of the problem. The literature study undertaken in chapter two revealed the importance of working together. It was discovered that co-operative governance is important to establish and maintain partnerships and teamwork between the school governors and other stakeholders. Subsequent to the literature review was the method and design of the study. These were undertaken using the qualitative research through the focus group interviews. The study drew responses from respondents who were organised according to categories of parents, principals, educators, learners and non-educator staff members. The interviews were tape-recorded. Transcriptions of tape-recorded interviews are included in this research as appendices. The qualitative data was analysed. The results of the data obtained clearly reflect that there are still many problems that need to be addressed. The important findings were discussed at length and thereafter conclusions and recommendations were made based on the findings. Recommendations and topics of further research were finally given. / Prof. T.C. Bischoff

D.Ed. / Limpopo Province, in line with other provinces in South Africa, adopted democratic school governance in public secondary schools. Since the inception of this system in 1997 hopes ran high that eventually the culture of teaching and learning in secondary schools will be improved and subsequently schools will be transformed. Contrarily, there has been a mismatch in terms of the provincial education objectives with what is currently happening in secondary schools in the province. Conditions of school governance in secondary schools as regards the physical, social, moral, economic, and academic problems are deplorable albeit democratic school governing bodies are in place. The 1998: 35.2%; the 1999: 37.5%; the 2000: 51.5%; and the 2001: 59.5% matriculation pass rates could partially be attributed to ineffective school governance. Consequently, communities are concerned about SGB's who are not accomplishing their role and functions as mandated by the SASA of 1996. The focus of this research is on democratic school governance in the Vuwani district in the Limpopo Province. The objective of this research was to probe perceptions of the different members of the SGB's regarding diverse aspects of school governance as mandated by the SASA of 1996.

M.Ed. (Educational Management) / The implementation ofthe South African School Act 84 of 1996 located significant management responsibilities with principals and governing bodies of public schools. The Schools Act is aimed at the creation and management ofa new national school system. This system must, as far as is reasonably possible, give everyone an equal opportunity to develop his or her talents. This research will focus specifically on the roles of the SGB and SMT, and on the developing relationships between them in the management ofschools. As Glatter, (1988:155) maintain that governing bodies experience uncertainty because they. face different expectations and demands and need to create different relationships with the surroundings institutions that are interested in the local education system.