Thesis advisor: Kathleen Bailey / Clans are often viewed anachronistically in a world characterized by globalization. Yet, recent research highlights that clans not only determine how societies function, but play a central political role in many parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Central Asia. My analysis focuses on exploring clan alliances and their affect on the international system through the case of Uzbekistan. Clans and Democracy: A Mismatch? explores the presence of clans in Uzbekistan, deciphers to what extent they remain involved in politics, and determines how clan politics affects Uzbekistan's future prospects for democratization. I conclude that clans continue to influence the political decision-making of the state and ultimately hinder democracy formation. In closing, I explore predications for the future stability and democracy of Uzbekistan, as well as suggest policy prescriptions for the United States vis-à-vis Uzbekistan and other clan-based states. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: International Studies. / Discipline: College Honors Program.

During the three years following the 1988 Olympic Games the Soviet Union and all of the East European countries established official relations with South Korea. This study is an economic history, focusing on the establishment of direct commercial relations between these countries, a process that began in 1968. It examines the development of direct economic relations between East Central Europe, the Soviet Union and South Korea from 1970 to 1990 to identify areas of conflict, competition and cooperation. The work begins with a historical overview of Russian/Soviet relations with the Korean peninsula from 1240 to 1970 and East Europe between 1950 and 1970. The second chapter uses a comparative model for communist countries to show the degree of centralization in South Korea, which helps to explain why South Korea, a "democratic" country, could develop and consistently maintain a policy, such as Nordpolitk, for over twenty years. The remaining chapters study development of formal and informal relations during the periods of 1970-1979, 1980-1988 and 1989-1991. The "people diplomacy" conducted through nonpolitical contact, such as trade, sports and cultural exchanges, during this period clearly aided the establishment of official relations between the Soviet Union, East European countries and South Korea. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-09, Section: A, page: 2937. / Major Professor: Edward D. Wynot. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

This dissertation examines the relationship between Israel's counter-terrorist policy and the extent and intensity of terrorism in Israel. The time frame of the study is from 1968 to 1987. Israel's counter-terrorism policy has been characterized as an iron fist approach to terrorism because of a consistent use of three categories of repressive actions: military reprisals, collective punishment, and legal imprisonment. / It has been suggested by a number of scholars that a repressive policy is the only way a government can combat terrorism. However, the evidence to date has not supported this claim, rather it indicates that repression increases rather than decreases terrorism. Because Israel has been consistent in its application of a repressive strategy, the policy of Israel was examined as a test of this assumption. The dissertation has revealed three major findings. First, military actions covary with the extent and intensity of terrorism. Second, the largest reduction of terrorism in Israel was caused by the Jordanian civil War. When Jordan exiled the leadership of the PLO and a bulk of PLO fighters to Lebanon, terrorism staged in Jordan completely disappeared. Moreover, even though the PLO was able to stage terrorism in Lebanon, the extent and intensity of this violence did not reach proportions similar to levels of terrorism originating in Jordan from 1968 to 1970. Lastly, Israel's indiscriminate application of military force and collective punishment has radicalized the Palestinian population on the West Bank and Gaza Strip and is thought to be an important cause of the Intifada that began in January of 1987. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-07, Section: A, page: 2135. / Major Professor: Monte Palmer. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

This dissertation study analyses South-South bilateral cooperative events in order to test the fit of the Environmental Model which holds that capacity to act, opportunity and willingness combine to account for the foreign policy behavior of small states. The Conflict and Peace Data Bank's events data on the cooperative bilateral foreign policy interactions among Third World states from 1960 to 1979 are analyzed. Measures of association and log-linear analysis are utilized in the analysis. Capacity to act, opportunity and willingness are found to vary across regional interactions, and all three factors exhibit a positive though weak association with South-South cooperative events. The log-linear analysis indicates that the joint effects of capacity to act, opportunity and willingness account for a portion of the variation in South-South cooperative events. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-04, Section: A, page: 1084. / Major Professor: James Lee Ray. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

An empirical study of the generational impact of the Vietnam War on the foreign policy attitudes of the American mass and attentive publics was undertaken in order to determine if and how Vietnam served as a critical socializing experience for the generation which came of age during the period of American involvement in Southeast Asia. Specifically, this study tests the proposition that the breakdown of consensus on foreign policy beliefs which followed the Vietnam War is a consequence of the emergence of a Vietnam generation with a distinctive foreign policy outlook. / Among the most significant findings of this study was that generational differences among both the mass and attentive publics are modest in nature. Thus generational cleavage is only a weak and partial explanation to the post-Vietnam breakdown of foreign policy consensus. A second conclusion of this study is that, even though the presence of generational differences is weak, the differences do not conform to most theories about the foreign policy views of the Vietnam generation. Particularly, the mass public of the Vietnam generation is more conservative on foreign policy issues than other generational groups. / This study also offers evidence to support the thesis that the Vietnam generation is more polarized than other age cohorts. Based on a comparison of the attitudes of the general and attentive publics, the Vietnam generation exhibited greater intragenerational conflict compared to other generations. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 53-07, Section: A, page: 2533. / Major Professor: James R. Ray. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1992.

This dissertation applies modern public choice theories to the United Nations system. Public choice is the study of public sector decision making using basic economic postulates. It attempts to gain insights into the formation and operation of collective organizations by studying the personal incentives faced by the relevant decision-makers. For many years, people have pointed to the apparent failure of international organizations to achieve their goals. The public choice approach offers new insights into the reasons for this failure, and it can also be used to suggest improvements which might enable these organizations to be more successful. / There are several separate, but related, chapters in this dissertation. Chapter 2 analyzes the U.N. Charter and the League of Nations Covenant using the principles of constitutional economics. Chapter 3 analyzes the size and growth of the budgets of the U.N. system. Chapter 4 considers whether the de facto members of GATT, who do not contribute to the budget, are free riders. Chapter 5 looks at the stability of voting coalitions in the U.N. General Assembly from 1946 to 1973. Finally, Chapter 6 looks at the effectiveness of U.N. interventions, such as peacekeeping forces in Lebanon and sanctions against South Africa. This chapter uses exchange rate data to estimate the appreciations (or depreciations) caused by these interventions, and considers those movements a measure of the effectiveness of the policy. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 55-03, Section: A, page: 0661. / Major Professor: Randall G. Holcombe. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1994.

The San Francisco Conference on International Organization lasted sixty-two days, April-June 1945, and wrote the Charter for the United Nations. Major issues for conference consideration included: Security Council voting and veto powers; the substantive and nonsubstantive authority to be granted the General Assembly; Trusteeships; American retention of the former Japanese naval bases in the Pacific; Regionalism; and invitations to Argentina, Poland and the two Soviet Republics--White Russia and the Ukraine--to join the world organization. Led by the working group of the five permanent members, although the United Kingdom, United States and the Soviet Union did wield the most power, the decisions reached on these issues were written into the Charter and molded the shape of the United Nations. / The interrelated forces at work during the conference were analyzed to facilitate tracing the decision-making process in writing the United Nations Charter. Difficulties did exist. Differences in perspectives among the Allies, set aside in the interest of wartime coalition unity, needed resolution at San Francisco. Within these parameters, emphasis was placed on United States' participation at the San Francisco Conference. The United States delegation was closely examined to provide insight into the development of American positions on key conference issues. / Ultimately, the dissertation concludes that the internationalist expectations for the United Nations were suppressed from the beginning by the nationalistic self-interest of all the attendent nations, large and small, at the conference. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-10, Section: A, page: 3331. / Major Professor: Thomas M. Campbell. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1989.

During the late 1970s and mid 1980s the subject of terrorism received much attention by the Western scientific community. Many complain that the field of terrorism is full of inconsistencies, contradictions, sterile or/and closed ended debates, and the like. This work reviews and critically discusses the overall literature on terrorism through a conscious departure from current assumptions, methods and approaches, and an uncompromising exposure of these practices. The author believes that the study of terrorism in the West is largely a reflection of the civicist character of Western mainstream scholarship. This work shows that the mainstream Western study of terrorism is best described by a civicist paradigm. It is argued that the character of the Western study of terrorism tends to be selective, ahistorical, unscientific and apologetic in character. Under these circumstances, the effort of Western mainstream political scientists who study terrorism resembles neither politics nor science. Rather, it reflects a litany of apologies for ruling class interests. The Western study of terrorism by being civicist, is therefore inappropriate. The main implication of this argument is that we shall not understand terrorism as a practice or as an ideology, if we continue to treat it as a question of civics and not as a question of politics. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-12, Section: A, page: 4267. / Major Professor: Frederick Gareau. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the process of foreign policy-making during the early years of the Cold War. It concentrates on the development of United States interest in the concept of a European Army as a means of establishing a stronger defense posture against world communism. This concept is shown to have been a response to the outbreak of the Korean War and the loss of the American monopoly on atomic weapons. The Truman administration's policy toward German rearmament is traced through the attempt to persuade Western Europe to form its own defense system with American support, both militarily and monetarily. To a great degree, this policy is viewed as shared by the Eisenhower administration. Both administrations are seen seeking to strengthen Western Europe through cooperative efforts beginning with the Marshall Plan and ending with West Germany's admission into NATO. For the United States, the policy most conducive to achieving its goals of a united and armed Western Europe is shown to be the development of the European Defense Community. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 51-09, Section: A, page: 3199. / Major Professor: Thomas M. Campbell. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Florida State University, 1990.

Thesis advisor: Kenji Hayao / Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato / The most stunning example of two historical figures working both together and against one another to fashion a shared goal is the demonstration of power and compromise displayed by Count Camillo Benso di Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Sicilian Revolution of 1860 and additional events during the greater Italian Risorgimento. This thesis is an attempt to uncover the bargaining strategies utilized by Cavour and Garibaldi throughout their political interactions as well as reach important conclusions concerning the use of interpersonal relationships to aid, not hinder, the outcome of a common political aim. This case study focuses on the years from 1852 to 1870, but specifically looks at 1859 to 1861, largely considering the theoretical framework of political game theory as outlined by Thomas Schelling. After forming two distinct hypotheses regarding both the competitive and cooperative nature of the two men's relationship, this thesis finds a greater cooperative characteristic to their historic interactions, although both hypotheses contribute to a relationship that formed the state of Italy. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: International Studies. / Discipline: International Studies Honors Program.