Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica de diferenças finitas para resolver a equação constitutiva Fluido de Segunda Ordem para escoamentos tridimensionais com superfície livre. As equações governantes são resolvidas pelo método de diferenças finitas em uma malha deslocada 3D. A superfície livre é modelada por células marcadoras (Marker-and-Cell) e as condições de contorno a superfície livre são empregadas. O método numérico apresentado neste trabalho foi validado pela comparação entre as soluções numéricas obtidas para o escoamento em um tubo com a solução analítica correspondente para Fluidos de Segunda Ordem. Ao fazer refinamento de malha, a convergência do método numérico foi verificada. Resultados numéricos da simulação do problema do inchamento do extrudado para números de Deborah De \'< OU =\' 0:3 são apresentados / This work presents a finite difference method to simulate three-dimensional viscoelastic flow with free surfaces governed by the constitutive equation Second Order Fluid. The governing equations are solved by the finite difference method in a three-dimensional shifted mesh. The free surface of fluid is modeled by the Marker-and-Cell method which allows for the visualization and the location of the free surface of fluid. The full free surface stress conditions are employed. The numerical method developed in this work is validated by comparing the numerical and analytic solutions for the steady state flow of a Second Order Fluid in a pipe. By using mesh refinement convergence results are given. Numerical results of the simulation of the transient extrudate swell of a Second Order Fluid of the Deborah number De \'< OR =\' 0:3 are presented

A análise de segunda ordem global de edifícios é indispensável nos dias atuais, em que as estruturas são cada vez mais esbeltas. No mercado, há diversos sistemas computacionais que realizam essa análise, e alguns dos novos engenheiros estruturais podem não saber os conceitos em que ela se baseia. Portanto, este trabalho pretende: avaliar os efeitos de segunda ordem em edifícios por meio dos coeficientes \'gama\'z e FAVt, este desenvolvido pela TQS, e por meio do processo P-Delta; mostrar como este processo P-Delta funciona e como o sistema computacional CAD/TQS o considera; e analisar também os esforços de segunda ordem calculados a partir dos de primeira ordem multiplicados por O,95 \'gama\'z. Em relação à avaliação da estabilidade global, serão comparados os resultados obtidos com os parâmetros \'alfa\', \'gama\'z, FAVt e RM2M1, este último gerado a partir do processo P-Delta. Pretende-se, assim, fornecer subsídios para que os novos engenheiros tenham condições de atuar com base conceitual bem fundamentada, tanto na escolha do método quanto na análise dos resultados. / The overall second-order analysis of buildings is essential nowadays, in which the structures are each time more slender. In the market, there are several computer systems that perform this analysis, and some new structural engineers can not know the concepts on which it rests. Therefore, this study aims: to evaluate the second-order effects in buildings making use of the coefficients \'gama\'z and FAVt, this developed by TQS, and using P-Delta process; to show how this P-Delta process works and how the computer system CAD/TQS considers it; and also analyze the second order efforts obtained from the first-order ones multiplied by O,95 \'gama\'z. Regarding the evaluation of overall stability, will be compared the results obtained with the parameters \'alfa\', \'gama\'z, FAVt, and RM2M1, the latter generated from the P-Delta process. It is intended, therefore, to provide subsidies for new engineers to be able to work with well-founded conceptual base, both in the choice of method and analysis of results.

O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo sobre análise de estrutura tridimensional de edifícios de andares múltiplos considerando a interação de deslocamentos e esforços entre os vários elementos que formam a estrutura, levando-se em consideração a rigidez transversal à flexão das lajes. Isto é realizado através de um modelo que compatibiliza o elemento que discretiza o núcleo com sete graus de liberdade, baseado na teoria da flexo-torção de Vlassov, com o restante da estrutura tridimensional de edifícios de andares múltiplos formada pelos núcleos, pilares, vigas e lajes. Os elementos finitos de placa adotados na discretização do pavimento, responsáveis pela consideração da rigidez transversal das lajes na análise do edifício são o DKT (Discrete Kirchhoff Theory) e DST (Discrete Shear Theory). Para os pilares e os núcleos o equilíbrio de forças é verificado na sua posição deformada, ou como é conhecido da literatura técnica, análise em teoria de 2ª ordem, considerando a não linearidade geométrica. Para o cálculo dos esforços e deslocamentos na estrutura são aplicadas as técnicas de subestruturação em série e paralelo na matriz de rigidez global da estrutura. Elaborou-se um programa de computador para o processo de cálculo, utilizando a linguagem computacional Fortran Power Station 90 e pré e pós processadores em Visual Basic 6.0 para ambiente Windows. Finalmente são apresentados alguns exemplos para comprovar a validade do processo de cálculo utilizado / The main aim of this work is to apresent a study about analysis of three-dimentional structures of multistory buildings considering the interaction of displacements and stresses of the elements of the structures, with the influence of the transverse bending stiffness of slabs. The plate finite elements adopted in floor discretization, responsible for considering the bending stiffness contribution of slabs in the analysis of buildings, are the DKT (Discrete Kirchhoff Theory) and the DST (Discrete Shear Theory). For columns and core walls the forces equilibrium is verified for the columns in their deformed position, which is known in the technical literature as second order analysis, considering the geometric non-linearity. The techniques of serial and parallel analyses of substructures are applied to the global stiffness matrix for the calculus of forces and displacements in the structure. A computer program was developed for the calculation process, using the computer language Fortran Power Station 90 and pre and post-processors in Visual Basic 6.0 for a Windows environment. Finally, some examples are presented to check the validity of the employed calculus process

Este trabalho aborda os conceitos básicos da teoria de segunda ordem das placas elásticas delgadas, utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos (introduzido através do Método dos Resíduos Ponderados, na variante de Galerkin). São deduzidas as matrizes de rigidez geométrica, de rigidez secante e de rigidez tangente, relativas ao problema em consideração. É proposta ainda uma conduta notavelmente simplificada, que facilita sobremaneira a construção da matriz de rigidez tangente. / This paper delas with the basic concepts of the secondf order theory of thin elastic plates, through the use of the Finite Element Method 9introcuced through the Weighted Residual Method, in Galerkin\'s approach). The matrices of geometric stiffness, secant stiffness, and tangent stiffness for the problem under consideration are deduced. It is also proposed an outstandingly simplified conduct, which will greatly easen the construction of the tangent stiffness matrix.

Au cours des dernières années, les matériaux optiques non linéaires ont attiré beaucoup d'attention en raison de leur application dans les télécommunications optiques. Les vitro-céramiques pour l’optique non-linéaire, ayant une microstructure alignée, présentent des propriétés physiques anisotropes. Il est donc intéressant de maîtriser la cristallisation dans ce genre de verre. Nous avons étudié ici la distribution, la taille et l'orientation sous un champ supplémentaire, en particulier par l’irradiation femtoseconde, de verres silicatés. Ce travail est important pour la conception et la production de nouveaux matériaux optiques non linéaires multi- fonction. Dans cette thèse, le champ thermique a été utilisé pour produire des cristaux dans un verre SrO-TiO₂-SiO₂. L’analyse a été menée à l’aide de la méthode des franges de Maker et de de diffraction des rayons X pour étudier la cristallisation et les propriétés optiques non-linéaires. Il a montré que les cristaux non linéaires Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ peut être obtenue dans la couche de surface par traitement thermique. L'axe polaire de cristaux orientés est perpendiculaire à la surface du verre. En augmentant la température ou en prolongeant la durée de traitement thermique, l’apparition d’une intensité non-nulle de génération de second harmonique (GSH) en incidence perpendiculaire indique la présence de cristaux orientés de manière aléatoire dans le volume du verre. Etant donné la cristallisation, spatialement difficile à contrôler par traitement thermique, l’irradiation laser femtoseconde pour contrôler la cristallisation dans le verre sont proposée en raison de son contrôle précis du dépôt d'énergie dans le temps et dans l'espace. Il ouvre des possibilités fantastiques pour la fabrication de matériaux multifonctionnels par maîtrisant la cristallization des cristaux non linéaires dans le verre. Nous avons précipité des cristaux orientés de LiNbO₃ et de Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ en volume par irradiation laser femtoseconde à haute cadence (typ. 300 kHz). Dans le verre Li₂O-Nb₂O₅-SiO₂, les micro-/nano-cristaux en variant l'énergie d'impulsion et la direction de polarisation ont obtenu. En particulier, lors de l'application à basse énergie et de la polarisation parallèle à la direction d'inscription du laser, la cristallization orientée en nanomètre a été démontrée par EBSD (Electron diffraction rétro-diffusée). Le mesure microscopique de SH a prouvé l’orientation préférentielle de cristallisation parallèlement à la direction de déplacement du faisceau laser. Afin de comprendre l'orientation exacte des cristaux par rapport à la direction d'écriture, une série de mesurer les signaux cohérent de SH ont été réalisés dans des paires de lignes de laser avec des orientations de déplacement opposées. EDS (spectromètre à dispersion d'énergie) et la micro-sonde nucléaire ont été utilisées pour réaliser l'analyse chimique dans les lignes de laser. Nous discutons aussi le mécanisme de cristallisation orientée en mode statique et en mode dynamique en illustrant la distribution des gradients différents. Pour le système SrO-TiO₂-SiO₂, l'irradiation du laser a été appliquée dans les verres stoechiométrique et non-stoechiométrique. Dans le premier cas, non seulement la taille et la distribution peuvent être contrôlées en variant les paramètres du laser, mais aussi la phase peuvent être choisis dans l'échantillon. La mesure de SH a montré que l'axe polaire de cristaux est toujours dans le sens de l'écriture. Pour le verre non-stoechiométrique, des purs cristaux de Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ ont été obtenus seulement. En utilisant EBSD, l'écriture asymétrique ont été étudiés en variant l’orientation de la polarisation et de l'écriture. On a montré ainsi que le mécanisme d'orientation est probablement dû à l'action combinée du front « tilté » de l’impulsion et à l’orientation du plan de polarisation qui conduit à une photosensibilité anisotrope. En conséquence, cela induit une distribution asymétrique des gradients thermiques et chimiques. / In the past few years, nonlinear optical materials have attracted much attention due to their application in optical telecommunications. Nonlinear optical glass-related materials have been widely studied according to their advantages. Glass ceramics having an aligned microstructure would exhibit an anisotropy of physical properties. This dissertation mainly contributes to the control of micro/nano-crystallization in silicate glass in crystalline phase, distribution, size and orientation under additional field, particularly by femtosecond irradiation, to master the nonlinear optical properties of glass further. This work is significant for the design and production of novel nonlinear optical material with multi-function in future. In this thesis, thermal field was used to induce crystals in SrO-TiO₂-SiO₂ glass. The crystallization behavior of glasses in different heat-treated condition and their second-order nonlinear optical properties have been analyzed by Maker fringes method and X-ray diffraction measurement, respectively. It showed that the oriented crystallization of nonlinear Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ crystals can be obtained in the surface layer by heat treatment. The polar axis of oriented crystals was perpendicular to the sample surface. Moreover, by applying higher temperature or prolonging the time duration of heat treatment, the maximum intensity of second harmonic generation shifting toward 0º is likely due to the presence of randomly distributed crystals in glass and surface crystallization turns to be volume at this moment. However, since it is hard to control crystallization by heat treatment and time-consuming, femtosecond laser irradiation was proposed to realize the control of crystallization in glass owing to the accessible control of energy deposition in time and in space. It opens fantastic opportunities to manufacture novel multifunctional materials by manipulating the crystallization of nonlinear crystals embedded in glasses. Therefore, we achieved to precipitate preferential oriented LiNbO₃ and Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ crystals in glass with femtosecond laser irradiation at high repetition rate (typ. 300 kHz). In Li₂O-Nb₂O₅-SiO₂ glass, we obtained micro-/nano-crystals in glass sample by varying pulse energy and polarization direction. Specifically, when applying low pulse energy and polarization parallel to laser writing direction, the oriented nano-crystallization has been obtained as shown by EBSD (Electron back-scattered diffraction). Second harmonic (SH) microscopy measurement illustrated preferred orientation of crystallization in laser lines. In order to understand the exact orientation of crystals with respect to the writing direction, a series of coherent SH measurement has been achieved in pairs of laser lines written in opposite orientation. EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrometer) and nuclear micro-probe has been used to realize the chemical analysis in laser lines. The mechanism of oriented crystallization was discussed both in static mode and in dynamic mode through illustrating the distribution of different gradients. In SrO-TiO₂-SiO₂ system， laser irradiation was applied both in stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric glasses. In the former case, not only the size and distribution can be controlled by varying laser parameters, but also the crystalline phase can be chosen in samples. SH microscopy measurement was used to characterize the nonlinear properties of glass and it implied that the polar axis of crystals is always along the writing direction. In non-stoichiometric glass, only pure Sr₂TiSi₂O₈ crystals were obtained. The asymmetric writing involving oriented crystallization has been studied by varying polarization and writing orientation. The orientational dependent is likely due to the combined action of oblique pulse front tilt affected by the polarization orientation plane leading to different anisotropic photosensitivity and its aftereffects to induce asymmetric distribution of thermal and chemical gradients.

Os processos de produção de arte eletrônica contemporânea (pós-anos 1990) são discutidos sob a ótica da cibernética de segunda ordem, cujos princípios consideram o observador durante a observação dos sistemas, analisando como circular a relação entre observador e observado. A metodologia empregada baseia-se na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, cujo argumento emerge do entrecruzamento do arcabouço teórico sobre o assunto com as informações coletadas através de observações, conversas e entrevistas. A análise se desenvolve em três capítulos, todos atravessados pela exploração das relações entre acidente e controle no campo da arte eletrônica. No primeiro capítulo levamos em consideração os aspectos conceituais e estruturais da produção artística em questão. No segundo, exploramos as relações que se tecem entre agentes criativos durante o processo, observando tal produção enquanto sistema social pautado em conversações. No terceiro, vislumbramos a experiência criativa coletiva enquanto possibilidade de construção de espaços de conhecimento, e arriscamos uma auto-crítica sobre o que apreendemos sobre o processo de produção da arte eletrônica. Nossas considerações finais trazem nossa apreensão para as relações entre a arte eletrônica e a arquitetura, apontado para o caráter utópico de nossos argumentos. / The production processes on contemporary media art (post-1990\'s) are discussed through the second order cybernetics perspective, whose principles study the observer and observed as a circular motion. The research methodology is based on the Grounded Theory. The argument emerges by blending together the theoretical framework on the subject with the information collected through observations, conversations and interviews. The analysis is developed in three chapters, all interrelated exploring the relationships between accident and control in the media art field. In the first chapter the conceptual structure of this artistic production is analyzed. In the second chapter, we explore the relationships that emerge between creative agents during the process, observing such production as a social system being ruled by conversation. In the third chapter, picturing the collective creative experience as means to the construction of knowledge spaces, we apply to the architectural field what we learned about the production process of media art. Our final conclusions bring our perception to the relations between media art and architecture leading to the utopian character of our arguments.

In this thesis we analyse the high-order in time discontinuous Galerkin nite element method (DGFEM) for second-order in time linear abstract wave equations. Our abstract approximation analysis is a generalisation of the approach introduced by Claes Johnson (in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 107:117-129, 1993), writing the second order problem as a system of fi rst order problems. We consider abstract spatial (time independent) operators, highorder in time basis functions when discretising in time; we also prove approximation results in case of linear constraints, e.g. non-homogeneous boundary data. We take the two steps approximation approach i.e. using high-order in time DGFEM; the discretisation approach in time introduced by D Schötzau (PhD thesis, Swiss Federal institute of technology, Zürich, 1999) to fi rst obtain the semidiscrete scheme and then conformal spatial discretisation to obtain the fully-discrete formulation. We have shown solvability, unconditional stability and conditional a priori error estimates within our abstract framework for the fully discretized problem. The skew-symmetric spatial forms arising in our abstract framework for the semi- and fully-discrete schemes do not full ll the underlying assumptions in D. Schötzau's work. But the semi-discrete and fully discrete forms satisfy an Inf-sup condition, essential for our proofs; in this sense our approach is also a generalisation of D. Schötzau's work. All estimates are given in a norm in space and time which is weaker than the Hilbert norm belonging to our abstract function spaces, a typical complication in evolution problems. To the best of the author's knowledge, with the approximation approach we used, these stability and a priori error estimates with their abstract structure have not been shown before for the abstract variational formulation used in this thesis. Finally we apply our abstract framework to the acoustic and an elasto-dynamic linear equations with non-homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data.

Les molécules organométalliques présentant d’intéressantes propriétés, notamment en optique non linéaire (ONL), en luminescence et en photovoltaïque, trouvent leur utilité dans la préparation de nouveaux matériaux pour des applications dans les domaines de l’optoélectronique, de la photonique et des cellules solaires à colorant photosensible (DSSC). Ce manuscrit de thèse présente la synthèse et les résultats des propriétés ONL du second ordre de nouveaux complexes dissymétriques push-pull de motif D–π–M–π–A et basés sur les diacétylures de platine (II), les diacétylures de ruthénium (II) et les dérivés du ferrocène. Ces complexes sont constitués de ligands du méthylènepyrane en tant que groupes électrodonneurs pro-aromatiques (D) et de ligands formaldéhyde, indane-1,3-dione, pyrazine, pyrimidine ou iodure de pyrimidinium en tant que groupes électroattracteurs (A), ces deux groupes étant séparés par le centre métallique et différents espaceurs π-conjugués. La réponse en optique non linéaire (ONL) du second ordre des complexes a été mesurée à l’aide de la méthode EFISH (Electric-Field-Induced Second Harmonic) et a été comparée à celle de leurs analogues tout organiques. Tous les complexes ont donné des valeurs µβ de la réponse ONL, fortement augmentées par la méthylation de la pyrimidine. En utilisant les mêmes types de groupes électrodonneurs et électroattracteurs, les plus fortes réponses ONL ont été obtenues avec les complexes de ruthénium. Pour l’un d’entre-eux, une valeur µβ0 particulièrement élevée de 6000.10-48 esu a pu être mesurée. / Organometallic molecular systems exhibiting interesting properties, such as non-linear optical (NLO) responses, luminescence and energy photoconversion, are of great interest in the preparation of novel materials with potential applications in opto-electronics, photonics and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). This manuscript highlights the synthesis, characterization and the second-order NLO properties of new asymmetrical D–π–M–π–A push–pull dialkynyl ruthenium- and platinum-based as well as dialkenyl ferrocene-based complexes. All complexes incorporate pyranylidene ligands as pro-aromatic donor groups (D) and formaldehyde, indane-1,3-dione pyrazine, pyrimidine or pyrimidinium iodide as electron-withdrawing groups (A) separated by the metal fragment and various π-linkers. The second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of all complexes were measured by the electric-field-induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) technique and compared to those of their purely organic analogs. All complexes exhibited µβ values, which dramatically increased upon methylation of the pyrimidine group. With the same donor–acceptor group combination, the strongest NLO response was obtained with the ruthenium complexes, which exhibited a remarkably high µβ0 value of 6000.10-48 esu.

Este trabalho apresenta uma técnica de diferenças finitas para resolver a equação constitutiva Fluido de Segunda Ordem para escoamentos tridimensionais com superfície livre. As equações governantes são resolvidas pelo método de diferenças finitas em uma malha deslocada 3D. A superfície livre é modelada por células marcadoras (Marker-and-Cell) e as condições de contorno a superfície livre são empregadas. O método numérico apresentado neste trabalho foi validado pela comparação entre as soluções numéricas obtidas para o escoamento em um tubo com a solução analítica correspondente para Fluidos de Segunda Ordem. Ao fazer refinamento de malha, a convergência do método numérico foi verificada. Resultados numéricos da simulação do problema do inchamento do extrudado para números de Deborah De \'< OU =\' 0:3 são apresentados / This work presents a finite difference method to simulate three-dimensional viscoelastic flow with free surfaces governed by the constitutive equation Second Order Fluid. The governing equations are solved by the finite difference method in a three-dimensional shifted mesh. The free surface of fluid is modeled by the Marker-and-Cell method which allows for the visualization and the location of the free surface of fluid. The full free surface stress conditions are employed. The numerical method developed in this work is validated by comparing the numerical and analytic solutions for the steady state flow of a Second Order Fluid in a pipe. By using mesh refinement convergence results are given. Numerical results of the simulation of the transient extrudate swell of a Second Order Fluid of the Deborah number De \'< OR =\' 0:3 are presented

Descrevemos os processos de captura, criação e micromanipulação cirúrgica das moscas Chrysomya megacephala. Apresentamos os processos de geração de estímulo e registro da atividade dos dois neurônios H1 localizados na placa lobular de seu cérebro. Um primeiro resultado apresentado refere-se a acuidade de seu sistema visual. Desenvolvemos um procedimento para comparar sua taxa de disparos espontâneos com as respostas do neurônio H1 quando sujeito a estímulos de excitação e inibição. Mostramos que o sistema visual da mosca não está apenas adaptado a detectar grandes fluxos ópticos mas também, é capaz de detectar pequenas velocidades de aproximadamente 1, 5o.s-1 e de apenas 0,25o de amplitude. Estes valores mostram que a mosca é capaz de detectar deslocamentos angulares muito menores do que sua abertura omatidial, = 1 2o. Outro resultado apresentado é obtido ao estudarmos o processo de codificação-decodificação neural. Alguns sistemas sensoriais agem como um conversor analógico-digital, recebendo um estímulo S(t) e codificando-o em uma sequência de pulsos, spikes. O processo de decodificação da resposta neural consiste em receber este conjunto pulsos e gerar uma estimativa Se(t) do estmulo. Este processo requer a computação e subsequente inversão de funções de correlação de alta ordem. A dimensão das matrizes que representam estas funções pode se tornar proibitivamente grande. Apresentamos um eficiente método para reduzir estas funções de correlação. Esta aproximação tem baixo custo computacional, evita a inversão de grandes matrizes e nos da um excelente resultado para a reconstrução do estímulo. Testamos a qualidade de nossa reconstrução sobre estímulos de rotação e translação. A contribuição dos núcleos de segunda ordem para a reconstrução do estímulo é de apenas 8% da contribuição dos núcleos de primeira ordem. Entretanto, em instantes específicos, a adição destes núcleos pode representar uma contribuição de ate 100%. Finalmente, investigamos quais atributos do estímulo são codificados pelos neurônios H1. Nosso espaço de estímulos possui um conjunto da ordem de 2 × 1096 elementos. É impossível imaginar que o sistema formado pelos dois neurônios H1 seja capaz de codificar eficientemente esta enorme quantidade de elementos. É razoável considerar que este sistema seja ao menos capaz de codificar um atributo essencial do movimento, seu sentido - rotações horizontais para direita ou para esquerda. Desta forma, apresentamos dois estímulos distintos para a mosca, um no qual suas velocidades são retiradas de uma distribuição Gaussiana e outro que contem apenas o sentido deste movimento. Obtemos uma correlação da ordem de 80 - 90% entre as estimativas de ambos os estímulos, estimativas obtidas através do processo de reconstrução linear. Obtemos aproximadamente 85% de eficiência na predição do sentido deste movimento. Ao utilizarmos a Teoria da Informação, encontramos uma diferença de apenas 10% entre as taxas de informação transmitida sobre os estímulos Gaussiano e sua versão reduzida. Concluímos que a propriedade comum a estes dois estímulos, o sentido do movimento, é o atributo relevante a ser codificado pelos neurônios H1. / We describe the practices of capturing, creation, and microsurgery of the flies Chrysomya megacephala. We present the procedures of stimulus generation and recording of the activity of the two H1 neurons in the lobula plate of its brain. One first result presented is related to its visual system acuity. We developed a method to compare its spontaneous firing rate with the H1s responses to excitatory and inhibitory stimuli. We show that the flys visual system is not only adapted to detect large optic flows but is also capable to detect small velocities about 1, 5o.s-1 with just 0, 25o of amplitude. These values show that the fly is capable to detect angular displacements much smallers than its ommatidial aperture, = 1 2o. Another relevant result is attained studying the processes of neural encode-decode. Some sensorial systems act as an analog-to-digital conversor, these systems encode the input stimulus S(t) in a sequence of action potential, spikes. The decoding process of the neural response consists of capturing this set of spikes and to generate an estimate Se(t) of the stimulus. This process requires the computation and subsequent inversion of high order correlations functions. The dimension of the matrixes that represent these functions can become prohibitively large. We present an efficient method to reduce these correlation functions. This approximation has low computational cost, avoids large matrixes inversion and give to us an excellent result to the stimulus reconstruction. We tested the reconstruction quality of rotational and translational stimuli. The contribution of second order stimulus reconstruction kernels is just 8% of first order kernels contribution. However, in specific times, the addition of these kernels may represent a 100% contribution. Finally, we investigate which stimulus features are codified by the H1 neurons. The stimulus space has a set of about 2 × 1096 elements. It is impossible to imagine that the system formed by the two H1 neurons could be able to encode efficiently this amount of elements. It is reasonable to consider that this system is at least able to encode an essencial characteristic of movement, its direction horizontal rotations to the right or to the left. Therefore, we presente two different stimuli to the fly, one which have velocities taken from a Gaussian distribution and another which contains just the direction of this movement. We obtain about 80 - 90% correlation between the estimates of both stimuli, estimates obtained through linear reconstruction methods. We obtain about 85% of efficiency in the prediction of stimulus direction. We find just a 10% difference between the information rate transmitted about the Gaussian stimulus and its reduced version using Information Theory. We conclude that the common attribute of these stimuli, the direction of movement, is the relevant attribute to be codified by the H1 neurons.