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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Changes in physical activity, sedentary time, and risk of falling: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study

Bea, Jennifer W., Thomson, Cynthia A., Wallace, Robert B., Wu, Chunyuan, Seguin, Rebecca A., Going, Scott B., LaCroix, Andrea, Eaton, Charles, Ockene, Judith K., LaMonte, Michael J., Jackson, Rebecca, Jerry Mysiw, W., Wactawski-Wende, Jean 02 1900 (has links)
Falling significantly affects quality of life, morbidity, and mortality among older adults. We sought to evaluate the prospective association between sedentary time, physical activity, and falling among post-menopausal women aged 50-79 years recruited to the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study between 1993 and 1998 from 40 clinical centers across the United States. Baseline (B) and change in each of the following were evaluated at year 3 (Y3) and year 6 (Y6; baseline n= 93,676; Y3 n= 76,598; Y6 n= 75,428): recreational physical activity (MET-h/wk), sitting, sleeping (min/day), and lean body mass by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (subset N= 6475). Falls per year (0, 1, 2, >= 3) were assessed annually by self-report questionnaire and then dichotomized as = 1 and = 2 falls/year. Logistic regression models were adjusted for demographics, body mass index, fall history, tobacco and alcohol use, medical conditions, and medications. Higher baseline activity was associated with greater risk of falling at Y6 (18%; p for trend <0.0001). Increasing sedentary time minimally decreased falling (1% Y3; 2% Y6; p < 0.05). Increasing activity up to >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.22) or maintaining >= 9 MET-h/wk. (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.29) increased falling at Y3 and Y6 (p for trend <0.001). Adding lean body mass to the models attenuated these relationships. Physically active lifestyles increased falling among post-menopausal women. Additional fall prevention strategies, such as balance and resistance training, should be evaluated to assist post-menopausal women in reaching or maintaining levels of aerobic activity known to prevent and manage several chronic diseases.
2

A Context-Aware Smartphone Application to Mitigate Sedentary Lifestyle

He, Qian 29 September 2014 (has links)
"Sedentary lifestyles are ubiquitous in modern societies. Sitting, watching television and using the computer are examples of sedentary behaviors that are currently common worldwide. Many research results show that the length of time that a person is sedentary is linked with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality. Determining how best to motivate people to become more active is not only necessary but also imperative. The electronic pedometer, as a proven device to increase physical activity, has been widely accepted by consumers for decades. As smartphones are functionally able to run accurate pedometer apps, we explore the potential of leveraging context-aware (e.g. location, identity, activity and time) smartphone application—more advanced pedometer—to help people mitigate sedentary lifestyle. The smartphone application we developed, “On11”, intelligently tracks people’s physical activities and identifies sedentary behaviors. With the knowledge it learns from the users, On11 provides recommendations based on users’ geographic patterns. Our study consists of four steps: (1) a pre-survey that helps us comprehend people’s views on physical activity, how people use their smartphones, and how smartphone applications may help them to be more active, (2) a large scale Twitter study (over 3 months, analyzed 929,825 running-related tweets) that determines how difficult it is for people to keep performing the most popular exercise—running, (3) a 2-week trial of our smartphone app which promotes an easier exercise—walking, and (4) a post-survey for subjects who participated in the app trial to validate if the app works as expected."
3

REVIEW OF THE DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS AND RELATED FACTORS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS SEDENTARY LIFESTYLE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HYPERTENSION. / RevisÃo das caracterÃsticas definidoras e dos fatores relacionados do diagnÃstico de enfermagem âestilo de vida sedentÃrioâ em indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial.

Larissa Castelo Guedes Martins 28 August 2013 (has links)
The recognition of good clinical indicators and characteristics of accuracy for certain nursing diagnosis allows nurses to identify more accurately the diagnosis and effectively promotes the practical application of the process of nursing work. Given the importance of identifying accurate clinical indicators, this study will be developed in order to analyze the defining characteristics (DC) and related factors (RF) of the nursing diagnosis "Sedentary Lifestyle" (SL) reviewed by Guedes (2011 ) in individuals with hypertension. It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 285 individuals with hypertension, aged between 19 and 59 years, followed at a center for outpatient care, in Fortaleza, CearÃ. Data collection was performed using a form based on empirical references of DC and RF in reviewing proposed by Guedes (2011), by interview and physical examination. The data obtained were analyzed by the researcher to determine the presence or absence of DC and RF and later were referred to specialist nurses who performed the diagnostic inference. It was used EXCEL, SPSS and R software for organizing and analyzing statistical data. The level of significance was 5%. The population was predominantly female, coming from the capital, living with a partner and holder of Diabetes mellitus. Half of the sample had up to 53 years, education time up to 10 years, per capita income up to R$ 500.00 and have a diagnosis of hypertension for over 10 years. The DC more frequent among patients with hypertension were "reduced flexibility of the articulations" (93.7%), "excess weight" (85.3%), "it does not carry out physical activities in the leisure time" (83.9 %) and "it verbalizes preference for activities with little physical exercise" (83.9%). Of total DC evaluated, only five were statistically significant. The RF more frequent were "lack of resources (money, time, place, security and equipment) for the physical exercise" (87.45%), "defective knowledge on the benefits that the physical activity brings to the health and / or on the consequences of the sedentary life style" (78.6%) and "lack of social support for the practice of physical exercise" (76.8%). A total of 11 RF evaluated, seven had a significant association with the diagnosis SL. The prevalence of the diagnosis in question was 55.8%. The DC "chooses routines without physical exercises" was the main characteristic for this diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 100% and a high specificity value (84.13%). Three defining characteristics were not statistically significant from the analysis of likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio: "excess weight", "reduced flexibility of the articulations" and "reduced muscular strength." The RF "lack of motivation for practicing physical exercise" and "lack of interest in exercising" had the highest prevalence ratios (PR = 5.358). It was found in this study that most of these new elements identified in the review of Guedes (2011) are relevant to the accurate identification of diagnosis SL in people with hypertension. Thus, it is expected that this information can contribute to efficient and systematic nursing practice, with an emphasis on health promotion for people with hypertension. / O reconhecimento de bons indicadores clÃnicos e de suas caracterÃsticas de acurÃcia, para determinado diagnÃstico de enfermagem, permite que o enfermeiro identifique com maior precisÃo o diagnÃstico e favorece efetivamente a aplicaÃÃo prÃtica do processo de trabalho de enfermagem. Diante da importÃncia de se identificar indicadores clÃnicos acurados, este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar as caracterÃsticas definidoras (CD) e os fatores relacionados (FR) do diagnÃstico de enfermagem âEstilo de vida sedentÃrioâ (EVS) revisado por Guedes (2011) em indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial (HA). Estudo do tipo transversal, realizado com 285 indivÃduos com hipertensÃo arterial, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, acompanhados em um centro de atendimento ambulatorial, em Fortaleza, CearÃ. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando um formulÃrio baseado nas referÃncias empÃricas das CD e os FR propostos na revisÃo de Guedes (2011), por meio de entrevista e exame fÃsico. As informaÃÃes obtidas foram analisadas pela pesquisadora para determinar a presenÃa ou ausÃncia das CD e dos FR e, posteriormente, foram encaminhadas aos enfermeiros especialistas que executaram a inferÃncia diagnÃstica. Foram utilizados os softwares EXCEL, SPSS e R para organizaÃÃo e anÃlise estatÃstica dos dados. O nÃvel de significÃncia adotado no estudo foi 5%. A maioria da amostra era do sexo feminino, procedente da capital, morando com companheiro e com diagnÃstico de Diabetes mellitus. Metade da amostra tinha atà 53 anos, tempo de escolaridade de atà 10 anos, renda per capita de atà R$ 500,00 e diagnÃstico de hipertensÃo arterial hà mais de 10 anos. As CD mais frequentes entre os pacientes com de HA foram âflexibilidade das articulaÃÃes diminuÃdaâ (93,7%), âexcesso de pesoâ (85,3%), ânÃo realiza atividades fÃsicas no tempo de lazerâ (83,9%) e âverbaliza preferÃncia por atividades com pouco exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (83,9%). Do total de CD avaliadas, somente cinco apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica. Os FR mais frequentes foram âfalta de recursos (tempo, dinheiro, lugar, seguranÃa, equipamento) para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (87,45%), âconhecimento deficiente sobre os benefÃcios que a atividade fÃsica traz à saÃde e/ou sobre as consequÃncias do sedentarismoâ (78,6%) e âfalta de apoio social para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ (76,8%). De um total de 11 FR avaliados, sete apresentaram associaÃÃo significante com o diagnÃstico EVS. A prevalÃncia do diagnÃstico em questÃo foi 55,8%. A CD âescolhe rotina diÃria sem exercÃcio fÃsicoâ foi a principal caracterÃstica para este diagnÃstico, apresentando uma sensibilidade de 100% e um elevado valor de especificidade (84,13%). TrÃs caracterÃsticas definidoras nÃo apresentaram significÃncia estatÃstica a partir da anÃlise das razÃes de verossimilhanÃa e odds ratio diagnÃstica: âExcesso de pesoâ, âFlexibilidade das articulaÃÃes diminuÃdaâ e âForÃa muscular diminuÃdaâ. Os FRs âfalta de motivaÃÃo para a prÃtica de exercÃcio fÃsicoâ e âfalta de interesse em se exercitarâ apresentaram as maiores razÃes de prevalÃncia (RP = 5,358). Constatou-se neste estudo que a maior parte desses novos elementos encontrados na revisÃo de Guedes (2011) à relevante para a identificaÃÃo acurada do diagnÃstico EVS. Dessa forma, espera-se que estas informaÃÃes possam contribuir para uma prÃtica de enfermagem eficiente e sistematizada, com Ãnfase na promoÃÃo da saÃde de pessoas com hipertensÃo arterial.
4

Fat : an exploration into the political ramifications of excess adipose tissue in Canada

Stewart, Chad Vernon Douglas 15 September 2011 (has links)
The state and individual must both understand that the increase in fat rates is a social phenomenon that requires reconciliation between collective and individual participation. A social movement needs to be generated that seeks solutions to this health phenomenon through preventative health measures; because the state’s current reactionary response does not address the factors that contribute to increased fat. These factors transcend the direct relationship between an individual, food and exercise, and also involve power. The current policy definition of fat is incorrect because it does not address the multiple variables that have generated an increase in common indicators of obesity; rather, it relies on inaccurate measurement systems, differing conceptions of the healthy individual, and narrow understandings of what causes obesity. The result is the current paralysis of policy reform. This thesis provides solutions that reconcile the current political definition with my own in order to advocate health promotion strategies that activate both the citizen and the state. / Graduate
5

Structural equation model of exercise in women utilizing the theory of unpleasant symptoms and social cognitive variables

Cobb, Sarah Elizabeth. January 2007 (has links)
Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2007. / Title from PDF of title page. Document formatted into pages; contains 206 pages. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.
6

Características de aplicativos de smartphones para a redução do comportamento sedentário de adolescentes no tempo livre / Smartphone application characteristics a for the reduction of sedentary behavior in adolescents in the free time

Christofoletti, Ana Elisa Messetti [UNESP] 20 September 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Ana Elisa Messetti Christofoletti (anaelisamchr@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-08T00:10:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO VERSAO FINAL ANA ELISA.pdf: 4111346 bytes, checksum: 21bfa518a05d08ef1568406749e30116 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - Agradecimento à CAPES: citar conforme a portaria abaixo: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001" PORTARIA Nº 206, DE 4 DE SETEMBRO DE 2018 Dispõe sobre obrigatoriedade de citação da CAPES O PRESIDENTE DA COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR, no uso das atribuições que lhe foram conferidas pelo art. 26 do (a) Estatuto, aprovado (a) pelo Decreto nº 8977, de 30/01/2017, e CONSIDERANDO o indicado nos Editais da CAPES, nos Termos de Compromisso de Bolsista, nos regulamentos de bolsas no exterior e de bolsas no país, no Manual de AUXPE, e no termo de adesão ao Portal de Periódicos; CONSIDERANDO o constante dos autos do processo nº 23038.013648/2018-51, resolve: Art. 1º Os trabalhos produzidos ou publicados, em qualquer mídia, que decorram de atividades financiadas, integral ou parcialmente, pela CAPES, deverão, obrigatoriamente, fazer referência ao apoio recebido. Art. 2º Para fins de identificação da fonte de financiamento fica autorizada a utilização do código 001 para todos os financiamentos recebidos. Art. 3º Deverão ser usadas as seguintes expressões, no idioma do trabalho: "O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Código de Financiamento 001 "This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001" Art. 4º Fica o pró-reitor de pós-graduação ou congênere, responsável pela divulgação e aplicação da regra dentro das Instituições de Ensino Superior que recebem apoio da CAPES. Art. 5º A falha em obedecer esta norma implicará em mudanças eventuais nos apoios da CAPES para as instituições e pesquisadores envolvidos, a partir de 2020. Art. 6º Esta Portaria entra em vigor na data de sua publicação. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-10-08T12:02:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by Ana Elisa Messetti Christofoletti (anaelisamchr@hotmail.com) on 2018-10-08T14:36:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO VERSAO FINAL ANA ELISA.pdf: 4110139 bytes, checksum: ae311cf67ad448294621f1e94868e43d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-10-08T17:01:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 christofoletti_aem_me_rcla.pdf: 4110178 bytes, checksum: f82dffd1c9c6becbbc7214f58a787060 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-08T17:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 christofoletti_aem_me_rcla.pdf: 4110178 bytes, checksum: f82dffd1c9c6becbbc7214f58a787060 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A prevalência de adolescentes brasileiros expostos ao tempo sentado, como utilizar smartphones mais de 5 horas e 51 minutos por dia, é de 65%. Assim, as intervenções para reduzir o comportamento sedentário (CS) em jovens são importantes, mas pouco se sabe sobre como reduzir o CS dos adolescentes por meio do uso de aplicativos de smartphones, o que é interessante, uma vez que essa ferramenta é usada por 87,4% dos jovens brasileiros. Mas antes de criar um aplicativo com esse propósito, é necessário verificar as variáveis associadas ao CS de determinada região e explorar as características que o aplicativo deverá possuir para futuramente ser criado. Com base nisso, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao CS e explorar as características que aplicativos para smartphones devem conter para redução do CS no tempo livre a partir da visão dos adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 482 adolescentes (14,43±2,08 anos) de 3 escolas públicas e 2 particulares do ensino fundamental (anos finais) e ensino médio da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes responderam a um questionário de identificação, anamnese clínica e questionário para caracterizar o nível socioeconômico; o Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário, com questões adicionais relacionadas ao CS e o uso de smartphones e videogames; o Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual para Adolescentes e mensuração do peso e estatura para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) (kg/m²). A análise de dados dos questionários e medidas antropométricas foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 22.0 e foi feita a análise descritiva dos dados, teste T de Student para comparar meninos e meninas e o teste de regressão logística para verificar associação das variáveis do estudo com o CS (p<0,05). Após à aplicação dos questionários, realizaram-se entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 8 participantes, com o intuito de descobrir o que deve conter em um aplicativo de smartphone para diminuir o CS de adolescentes. Para a análise da entrevista semiestruturada, foi utilizado o método de codificação simples. O CS total foi de 13,7±3,4 horas/dia e 47,5% da população apresentou mais de 14,1 horas/dia de CS. As variáveis associadas ao CS foram: smartphone; computador/tablet e videogame; CS nas obrigações e televisão. O uso exacerbado do smartphone está relacionado ao sexo feminino e ao elevado tempo de CS. As principais características que um aplicativo de smartphone para diminuir e gerar pausas no CS são: envolvimento social, metas, recompensa, mensagens de incentivo, layout atrativo, envolvimento com as redes sociais, atualizações periódicas, podendo ser em formato de jogo. Os domínios do CS devem ser investigados de forma distintas, pois o presente estudo demonstrou que eles influenciam de forma distinta o CS total dos adolescentes. Assim, deve-se considerar variáveis técnicas do aplicativo e variáveis sociais dos adolescentes para a criação de aplicativos para smartphones para redução do CS no tempo livre. / The prevalence of Brazilian adolescents exposed to sitting time, such as using smartphones for more than 5 hours and 51 minutes per day, is 65%. Thus, interventions to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents are important, but little is known about how to reduce adolescents' SB using smartphone applications, which is interesting, since this tool is used by 87.4% of the Brazilian adolescents. However, before creating an application for this purpose, it is necessary to check the variables associated with the SB of a given region and to explore the characteristics that the application must have to be created in the future. Based on this, the aim of this study was to verify the sociodemographic factors associated with SB and explore the characteristics that applications for smartphones should contain to reduce SB in leisure time from the adolescents' view. A total of 482 adolescents (14.43 ± 2.08 years) from 3 public schools and 2 private elementary schools (final years) and high school in the city of Rio Claro - SP participated to the study. For the data collection, the participants answered an identification questionnaire, clinical anamnesis and a questionnaire to characterize the socioeconomic level; the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, with additional questions related to SB and the use of smartphones and video games; the Normal Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and weight and height measurement for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg / m²). The data analysis of the questionnaires and anthropometric measurements were performed in the SPSS version 22.0 program and the descriptive analysis of the data was done. Further, it was performed Student's T test to compare boys and girls and also the logistic regression test to verify the association of the study variables with SB (p <0.05). Subsequent to the application of the questionnaires, semi-structured individual interviews with 8 participants were conducted, in order to find out what should be contained in a smartphone application to decrease adolescents’ SB. For the analysis of the semi-structured interview, the simple coding method was used. Total SB was 13.7±3.4 hours/day and 47.5% of the population presented more than 14.1 hours/day of SB. The variables associated to SB were: smartphone; computer / tablet and video game; SB in chores and television. The exacerbated use of the smartphone is related to female and to the high time of SB. It was also elucidated that the main characteristics that a smartphone application should have to decrease and generate breaks in SB are: social involvement, goals, reward, incentive messages, attractive layout, involvement with social networks, periodic updates, and it can come in a game format. SB domains should be investigated differently, as the present study has demonstrated that they have a distinct influence 10 on adolescents’ total SB. Thus, it is necessary to consider technical variables of the application and adolescents’ social variables for the creation of applications for smartphones to reduce the SB in free time. / CAPES: 001
7

Lose to Win: Fighting Obesity in the Workplace

Dotson, Latoya 01 January 2018 (has links)
Background: Obesity is a significant healthcare problem in modern American society. It has led to decreased longevity of employees and decreased productivity in day-to-day duties of healthcare workers. There are more negative attributes to obesity than positive, regardless of the race affected. One of the leading causes of death in 2012 was cardiovascular disease. Due to poor dietary choices, the promotion of sedentary lifestyle has led to complications of obesity such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Major improvements can be made within a community that acknowledges the risks of obesity and seeks to implement preventive programs. Increasing one’s physical activity and implementing healthier dietary choices leads to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop an evidence-based obesity prevention program for the healthcare facility staff to increase physical activity within the workplace. Theoretical Framework: Health Belief Model Theory. Methods: The investigator used a quasi-experimental approach using a pretest/posttest design. Results: The results of the data analysis revealed positive perception changes in acceptance to the implementation of physical activity in the workplace. Within two weeks of the project completion, the investigator noted a 69.23 percent increase in the implementation of physical activity in the work and home setting, and an 84.62% change in the manner individuals made food choices, with a median percentage rate of 96.2 for awareness of obesity, overweight health status, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Conclusion: The evidence-based worksite obesity prevention initiative provides support and acceptance for the implementation of physical activity in the work setting.
8

The Relationship Between Television Viewing Time and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adult Women

Arens, Peter Jacob 01 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Purpose: The present investigation was conducted to assess the relationship between television viewing time and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Intermountain West. Participants: 302 middle-aged women. Method: TV viewing was assessed using a questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using a maximal graded treadmill test. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated using Actigraph accelerometers worn over seven consecutive days, while body fat percentage (BF%) was measured using air displacement plethysmography (Bod Pod). Results: (Mean ± SD) age: 40.2 ± 3.0 years. VO2max of the frequent (≥ 3hrs/day) TV group (32.6 ± 6.4) was significantly lower than both the moderate (1-2 hrs/day) (36.2 ± 7.2) and infrequent (<1hr/day) (36.5 ± 6.5) TV groups (F = 8.0, P = 0.0004). The infrequent and moderate groups did not differ significantly from each other. Differences in age, education, BMI, and season of assessment had no influence on the relationship when controlled individually. Adjusting for differences in physical activity (F = 4.2, P = 0.0157) weakened the relationship by 59.4%, and adjusting for differences in BF% (F = 5.0, P = 0.0071) weakened the association by 58.5%, but in both cases, the relationships remained significant. After controlling for both PA and BF% simultaneously (F = 2.9, P = 0.0572), the relationship was weakened by 80.7% and was only borderline significant. Conclusion: Frequent female TV viewers have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than moderate or infrequent viewers. This association appears to be largely a function of differences in both PA and BF%.
9

Validation of Activity Trackers in a Laboratory Setting with Young Adults

Lewis, Brandon Leslie 01 January 2018 (has links)
Background: Objectively tracking sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) is becoming increasingly important as research continues to show the negative effects with increasing SB and decreasing PA. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate three commercial activity trackers with young adults regarding how they accurately measure SB and PA behaviors in a laboratory setting. Methods: 50 college-aged participants wore three wrist-based activity trackers (Fitbit Surge, Apple Watch, and Basis Peak) and two ActiGraph accelerometer devices during a series of SB and PA behaviors for five-minute intervals in a laboratory setting. The activity trackers were evaluated against direct observation and the ActiGraph devices, placed on the hip and wrist, which are consistent with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) standards of measure. Results: Overall accuracy during the SBs compared to direct observation was high, with Apple (99.0%), Basis (99.0%), and Fitbit (94.9%) performing similar to the Hip ActiGraph (95.1%) and markedly better than the Wrist ActiGraph (58.6%). Overall significant correlations (p ≤ 0.05) during the PAs were higher with the Wrist ActiGraph (66.7%) than with the Hip ActiGraph (8.3%). The Wrist and Hip ActiGraphs significantly correlated in three out of four SBs, but not in any PA behaviors.Discussion: Activity trackers are reliable when determining sedentary behavior, tend to overestimate step count during light walking, and underestimate activity level when biking. Also,the Wrist ActiGraph consistently underestimated both SB and PA step count compared to the Hip ActiGraph. While some variability is seen in the validity of the activity trackers, each activity tracker studied has its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these strengths and limitations helps healthcare professionals more accurately interpret recorded data based on the patient specific device.
10

Lärares och rektorers upplevelser av att främja daglig fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för hela skoldagen : En intervjustudie

Strandberg, Elin January 2016 (has links)
Bakgrund: Att barn blir allt mer stillasittande är alarmerande eftersom levnadsvanor och livsstil under barndomen har betydelse för uppkomsten av ohälsa i vuxenlivet. Skolan är en viktig arena i främjandet av barns hälsa och dagliga fysiska aktivitet. Enligt läroplanens uppdrag är det lärares och rektorers uppgift att sträva efter att erbjuda alla elever daglig fysisk aktivitet inom ramen för hela skoldagen. Syfte: Att undersöka lärares och rektorers upplevelser av att främja elevers dagliga fysiska aktivitet utifrån det stöd som ges till skolan och de faktorer som påverkar skolans förutsättningar. Metod: Data samlades in genom tio semistrukturerade intervjuer på fem skolor inom tre på förhand utvalda kommuner. Insamlat data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med fokus på det manifesta i innehållet. Resultat: Huvudresultatet visade att respondenterna upplevde att arbetet med att främja daglig fysisk aktivitet varierade beroende på hur detta arbete var prioriterat i verksamheten. Stöd från rektor, kommun och föräldrar ansågs vara viktigt för att fysisk aktivitet ska prioriteras. Påverkande faktorer upplevdes vara kunskapskravet, synen på fysisk aktivitet, skolgårdens karaktär samt tillgången till stimulerande miljöer. Därtill upplevdes att elevernas minskade intresse för fysisk aktivitet och det ökade intresset för elektronisk underhållning försvårade arbetet. Slutsats: För att öka insatserna för att främja elevers dagliga fysiska aktivitet bör medvetenheten om läroplanens uppdrag om daglig fysisk aktivitet öka. Det krävs även en förändrad syn på fysisk aktivitet för att skolor ska ges större möjligheter att arbeta med detta. Därtill behöver involverade aktörer ge mer stöd till skolorna för att uppdraget ska prioriteras i verksamheten. / Background: The increasing prevalence of sedentary behavior among children is alarming since unhealthy living habits and lifestyle during childhood is a risk factor for ill health in adulthood. Schools play an important role when promoting children’s health and daily physical activity. According to the curriculum, teachers and principals are expected to promote daily physical activity to all students during the school day. Purpose: To examine teachers' and principals' experiences in promoting daily physical activity to students based on the support given to the school and the resources available. Method: Data was collected by ten semi-structured interviews conducted in five schools within three municipalities. Data was analyzed by using qualitative content analysis with a focus on the manifest content. Results: Respondents experienced that efforts varied depending on how physical activity was prioritized by the school. Support from the principal, the municipality and the parents was considered important in order to increase these efforts. Factors that influenced the delivery included the pressure to meet the curricular requirements for other subjects, the views on physical activity, the school yards’ characteristics as well as the access to stimulating environments. The decreased interest in physical activity and the increased interest in electronic entertainment was also seen as a challenge. Conclusion: The awareness of the existing curriculum on daily physical activity should increase in order to put more effort on promoting daily physical activity to students. For this to be possible, the view on physical activity has to change. Increased support from stakeholders is also needed in order to prioritize daily physical activity in schools.

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