M.Sc. (Geology) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

This diploma thesis is focused on the finding and describing of the relationships between petrological parameters and technological properties of rocks used for the production of aggregates (crushed stone). Rock specimens were selected from a geological area of Culm (Lower Carboniferous age) in the area of Nízký Jeseník Mts. and Drahanská vrchovina uplands in the Czech Republic. Studied localities were selected on the basis of the current quarrying operations and also to represent the different strata. The six studied localities encompass Kobylí, Chabičov, and Bělkovice where Horní Benešov formation of Nízký Jeseník is exposed. Locality Valšov represents Andělské Hory formation and locality Nová Ves and Loštice represent Protivanov formation of Drahanská vrchovina uplands. Two specimens were taken from the locality Loštice (one from the second cut because there are produced low-grade aggregates and the third cut where high quality crushed stone is produced). A detailed mineralogical-petrographic examination of the samples was the first step, in an attempt to obtain their mineralogical composition and to identify the major rock-forming clasts. Thin sections were examined by standard polarizing microscopy. The auxiliary UV lamp and thin sections saturated by fluorescent substance were used for the...

A presente dissertação versa sobre a determinação do parâmetro de adesão entre nata de cimento e rocha. Este parâmetro é de fundamental importância no dimensionamento de grampos e tirantes ancorados, sistemas de contenção frequentemente executados que utilizam da técnica de ancoragem. Ensaios de arrancamento in loco são comumente realizados para avaliar essa tensão de aderência, no entanto, muitas vezes, apenas se tornam viáveis financeiramente durante a etapa de execução das obras. A metodologia Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) permite a determinação da adesão de maneira mais simples e com menor custo, por meio de ensaios de laboratório utilizando corpos de prova mistos de rocha e nata de cimento, sendo, por isto, uma interessante alternativa para a etapa de definição paramétrica de projetos. Neste contexto, foram estudadas três litologias sedimentares do município de Caçapava do Sul/RS – aqui chamadas de conglomerado, arenito muito fino e arenito médio – pertencentes à Formação Varzinha. A caracterização dessas litologias foi realizada por meio de lâminas delgadas e outros ensaios de caracterização de laboratório A classificação textural do conglomerado é de conglomerado arenoso, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arenito lamoso e o arenito médio é classificado como arenito. Do ponto de vista composicional, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arcóseo, enquanto o arenito médio é classificado como arcóseo lítico. Noventa ensaios CCBT, além de ensaios de resistência à compressão simples das rochas e da nata de cimento foram realizados. As tensões de adesão médias obtidas dos ensaios de laboratório foram de 2,52 MPa para o conglomerado, 1,84 MPa para o arenito muito fino e 1,43 MPa para o arenito médio. Foi realizada uma avaliação de intervalos de confiança de valores de tensão de adesão, conforme a distribuição t-student. Concluiu-se que não apenas a resistência das rochas influencia nessa capacidade de adesão, mas também a capacidade de absorção d’água e a porosidade. Maiores valores dessas duas propriedades na rocha favorecem a adesão entre os dois materiais. Os valores encontrados em laboratório são compatíveis com dados de literatura de campo em rochas similares. / This dissertation evaluates the determination of the adhesion parameter between cement grout and rock. This parameter is of great importance on design of two systems frequently executed that use the technique of anchoring: rock anchors and bolts. Pull out field tests are commonly carried out to evaluate this bond strength, however, they are normally only economically feasible during the construction stage. The Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) methodology allows the adhesion determination in a simpler and cheaper way, by laboratory tests using mixed samples of rock and cement grout. Therefore, the CCBT is an interesting alternative to project definition of adhesion values. In this context, three different sedimentary lithologies from Caçapava do Sul/RS, Southern Brazil, were studied. The lithologies – called here as conglomerate, fine sandstone and medium sandstone – belong to Varzinha Formation. The characterization of these lithologies were made by thin sections and characterization laboratory tests The textural classification of the conglomerate was sandy conglomerate, the fine sandstone was classified as muddy sandstone, and the medium sandstone was classified as sandstone. In the view of their composition, the fine sandstone was classified as arkose, while the medium sandstone was classified as lithic arkose. Ninety CCBT tests, besides unconfined compression tests on rock and cement grout specimens were carried out. The average adhesion values obtained from laboratory tests were 2,52 MPa for the conglomerate, 1,84 MPa for the fine sandstone and 1,43 MPa for the medium sandstone. An evaluation of confidence intervals of adhesion was also carried out, according to t-student distribution. It was concluded that the adhesion strength was influenced not only by the unconfined compressive strength of the rocks, but also by their water absorption and porosity. Larger values of these two properties increased the adhesion between the two materials. The values obtained from laboratory tests are compatible with literature field data in similar rocks.

The Garzan Formation is a deepening upward marine carbonate including successions ranging from subtidal to open marine facies deposited in the Maastrichtian. The Garzan Formation is composed of five microfacies types / Miliolid Wackestone (subtidal), Orbitoid Miliolid Wackestone, Rudist Wackestone (backshoal to shoal), Rotalid Miliolid Wackestone (shoal to foreshoal) and Pelagic Foraminiferal Mudstone (foreshoal to open marine). These five microfacies are stacked in different combinations consisting of five types of depositional cycles. The type A and D cycles the building blocks of transgressive systems tract (retrogradational), whereas type B and C cycles are deposited during highstand systems tract (aggradational). The type E cycle is progradational and also corresponds to the highstand systems tract deposits. The maximum flooding surface is usually located within the type D cycle towards the top of the formation. vi Generally, the base of the Garzan Formation deposition starts with highstand systems tract deposits (type E and C cycles) and overlain by transgressive systems tract deposits (type A cycle) in between there is a type 2 sequence boundary. Then deposition continues with highstand systems tract deposits (alternation of type B and C cycles) which are aggradational in character. The top of the Formation is characterized by transgressive systems tract deposits (type D cycle) which usually includes the maximum flooding surface. The second type 2 sequence boundary is located below the type D cycle. There are four of the stacking patterns observed in the Garzan Formation. The GR values change from relatively high to low API in type D and A cycles, whereas a relative shift from low to high API is observed in type E cycle. The GR in the type B and C cycles does not display any relative change. There is no net movement in the SONIC readings in type A, B, C and E cycles / however there is a relative shifting from low velocity to high velocity in type D cycle. In Garzan deposition opposing the general patterns, a decrease in GR readings indicates a decrease in energy and relatively deepening. In carbonate depositional systems predicting the depositional environment from the logs should only be accomplished with microfacies control, otherwise the interpretation will be erroneous.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 PhâmellaKPF_DISSERT.pdf: 2697111 bytes, checksum: 6489ccb9ad9ef120c49053934aaa3387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In understanding a more appropriate management, the soil survey in a region it has a fundamental importance. Thus, a constant updating of the soil classes is necessary for the various agricultural uses are analyzed and established the most appropriate way possible. The Rio Grande do Norte has hills formations that differ from the soil and climatic conditions prevailing in the state, with deeper soils and acidic and milder weather. Among these formations, there is the Santana’s Hill, which is embedded in the Martins Formation with deposits settled in disagreement over the lens and inserted basis in the Potiguar Seridó region, with important agricultural use for the region, with mainly cashew cultivation and cassava. With this, the objective of this study was to understand the genesis of representative soils of the Santana’s Hill and draw up an exploratory soil map of the region. Morphological, physical, chemical and mineralogical analyzes of representative profiles were performed that make up the Santana’s Hill. Representative profiles were classified as Typic Haplustox; Xanthic Eutrustox; Typic Eutrustox; Ustic Quartzipsamments; Lithic Ustorthents; Typic Ustipsamments and Dystric Haplustepts. By observing morphological attributes it was noticed that there was a great influence of the parent material factor in distinguishing the main soil types found in the study area, since the topography and climatic conditions are similar throughout the territorial extension. The textural class of the profiles studied ranged from sandy to sandy-clay-sandy due to high existing levels in sand horizons, identifying minerals that were more resistant to weathering process and the strong link with the material of sedimentary origin. All profiles showed acid reaction, wide range of base saturation between profiles and low values of electrical conductivity. The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of the profiles were similar, with clay type Illite/Mica, Kaolinite and Goethite, and Quartz peaks. The use of GIS allows updating existing soil classes in the Santana’s Hill, as well as updating the percentage of occupation of each soil type / Na compreensão de um manejo mais adequado, o levantamento do tipo de solo em uma região possui uma importância fundamental. Desse modo, uma atualização constante das classes de solos se faz necessária para que os diversos usos agrícolas sejam analisados e estabelecidos da forma mais adequada possível. O Rio Grande do Norte possui formações serranas que diferem das condições edafoclimáticas predominantes no estado, apresentando solos mais profundos e ácidos e clima mais ameno. Dentre estas formações, destaca-se a Serra de Santana, que está inserida na Formação dos Martins com depósitos assentados em discordância sobre o embasamento cristalino e inserida na região do Seridó Potiguar, apresentando importante uso agrícola para a região, com o cultivo principalmente de caju e mandioca. Com isto, objetivou-se neste trabalho compreender a gênese dos solos representativos da Serra de Santana e elaborar um mapa de solos exploratório da região. Foram realizadas análises morfológicas, físicas, químicas e mineralógicas de perfis representativos que compõem a Serra de Santana. Os perfis representativos foram classificados como: LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico argissólico; LATOSSOLO AMARELO Eutrófico argissólico; NEOSSOLO QUARTZARÊNICO Órtico típico; NEOSSOLO LITÓLICO Eutrófico fragmentário; NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Eutrófico típico e CAMBISSOLO HÁPLICO Tb Eutrófico léptico. Ao observar os atributos morfológicos percebeu-se que houve grande influência do fator material de origem na distinção das principais classes de solo encontradas na área de estudo, já que o relevo e condição climática são similares ao longo de toda extensão territorial. A classe textural dos perfis estudados variou de areia a franco-argilo-arenosa devido aos altos teores de areia existentes nos horizontes, identificando minerais que foram mais resistentes ao processo de intemperismo e a forte ligação com o material de origem sedimentar. Todos os perfis apresentaram reação ácida, grande variação de saturação por bases entre os perfis e baixos valores de condutividade elétrica. A composição mineralógica da fração argila dos perfis foi similar, apresentando argilominerais do tipo Ilita/Mica, Caulinita e Goethita, além de picos de Quartzo. O uso do geoprocessamento permitiu atualização das classes de solo existentes na Serra de Santana, bem como a atualização da percentagem de ocupação de cada classe de solo / 2016-11-17

A presente dissertação versa sobre a determinação do parâmetro de adesão entre nata de cimento e rocha. Este parâmetro é de fundamental importância no dimensionamento de grampos e tirantes ancorados, sistemas de contenção frequentemente executados que utilizam da técnica de ancoragem. Ensaios de arrancamento in loco são comumente realizados para avaliar essa tensão de aderência, no entanto, muitas vezes, apenas se tornam viáveis financeiramente durante a etapa de execução das obras. A metodologia Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) permite a determinação da adesão de maneira mais simples e com menor custo, por meio de ensaios de laboratório utilizando corpos de prova mistos de rocha e nata de cimento, sendo, por isto, uma interessante alternativa para a etapa de definição paramétrica de projetos. Neste contexto, foram estudadas três litologias sedimentares do município de Caçapava do Sul/RS – aqui chamadas de conglomerado, arenito muito fino e arenito médio – pertencentes à Formação Varzinha. A caracterização dessas litologias foi realizada por meio de lâminas delgadas e outros ensaios de caracterização de laboratório A classificação textural do conglomerado é de conglomerado arenoso, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arenito lamoso e o arenito médio é classificado como arenito. Do ponto de vista composicional, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arcóseo, enquanto o arenito médio é classificado como arcóseo lítico. Noventa ensaios CCBT, além de ensaios de resistência à compressão simples das rochas e da nata de cimento foram realizados. As tensões de adesão médias obtidas dos ensaios de laboratório foram de 2,52 MPa para o conglomerado, 1,84 MPa para o arenito muito fino e 1,43 MPa para o arenito médio. Foi realizada uma avaliação de intervalos de confiança de valores de tensão de adesão, conforme a distribuição t-student. Concluiu-se que não apenas a resistência das rochas influencia nessa capacidade de adesão, mas também a capacidade de absorção d’água e a porosidade. Maiores valores dessas duas propriedades na rocha favorecem a adesão entre os dois materiais. Os valores encontrados em laboratório são compatíveis com dados de literatura de campo em rochas similares. / This dissertation evaluates the determination of the adhesion parameter between cement grout and rock. This parameter is of great importance on design of two systems frequently executed that use the technique of anchoring: rock anchors and bolts. Pull out field tests are commonly carried out to evaluate this bond strength, however, they are normally only economically feasible during the construction stage. The Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) methodology allows the adhesion determination in a simpler and cheaper way, by laboratory tests using mixed samples of rock and cement grout. Therefore, the CCBT is an interesting alternative to project definition of adhesion values. In this context, three different sedimentary lithologies from Caçapava do Sul/RS, Southern Brazil, were studied. The lithologies – called here as conglomerate, fine sandstone and medium sandstone – belong to Varzinha Formation. The characterization of these lithologies were made by thin sections and characterization laboratory tests The textural classification of the conglomerate was sandy conglomerate, the fine sandstone was classified as muddy sandstone, and the medium sandstone was classified as sandstone. In the view of their composition, the fine sandstone was classified as arkose, while the medium sandstone was classified as lithic arkose. Ninety CCBT tests, besides unconfined compression tests on rock and cement grout specimens were carried out. The average adhesion values obtained from laboratory tests were 2,52 MPa for the conglomerate, 1,84 MPa for the fine sandstone and 1,43 MPa for the medium sandstone. An evaluation of confidence intervals of adhesion was also carried out, according to t-student distribution. It was concluded that the adhesion strength was influenced not only by the unconfined compressive strength of the rocks, but also by their water absorption and porosity. Larger values of these two properties increased the adhesion between the two materials. The values obtained from laboratory tests are compatible with literature field data in similar rocks.

A presente dissertação versa sobre a determinação do parâmetro de adesão entre nata de cimento e rocha. Este parâmetro é de fundamental importância no dimensionamento de grampos e tirantes ancorados, sistemas de contenção frequentemente executados que utilizam da técnica de ancoragem. Ensaios de arrancamento in loco são comumente realizados para avaliar essa tensão de aderência, no entanto, muitas vezes, apenas se tornam viáveis financeiramente durante a etapa de execução das obras. A metodologia Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) permite a determinação da adesão de maneira mais simples e com menor custo, por meio de ensaios de laboratório utilizando corpos de prova mistos de rocha e nata de cimento, sendo, por isto, uma interessante alternativa para a etapa de definição paramétrica de projetos. Neste contexto, foram estudadas três litologias sedimentares do município de Caçapava do Sul/RS – aqui chamadas de conglomerado, arenito muito fino e arenito médio – pertencentes à Formação Varzinha. A caracterização dessas litologias foi realizada por meio de lâminas delgadas e outros ensaios de caracterização de laboratório A classificação textural do conglomerado é de conglomerado arenoso, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arenito lamoso e o arenito médio é classificado como arenito. Do ponto de vista composicional, o arenito muito fino é classificado como arcóseo, enquanto o arenito médio é classificado como arcóseo lítico. Noventa ensaios CCBT, além de ensaios de resistência à compressão simples das rochas e da nata de cimento foram realizados. As tensões de adesão médias obtidas dos ensaios de laboratório foram de 2,52 MPa para o conglomerado, 1,84 MPa para o arenito muito fino e 1,43 MPa para o arenito médio. Foi realizada uma avaliação de intervalos de confiança de valores de tensão de adesão, conforme a distribuição t-student. Concluiu-se que não apenas a resistência das rochas influencia nessa capacidade de adesão, mas também a capacidade de absorção d’água e a porosidade. Maiores valores dessas duas propriedades na rocha favorecem a adesão entre os dois materiais. Os valores encontrados em laboratório são compatíveis com dados de literatura de campo em rochas similares. / This dissertation evaluates the determination of the adhesion parameter between cement grout and rock. This parameter is of great importance on design of two systems frequently executed that use the technique of anchoring: rock anchors and bolts. Pull out field tests are commonly carried out to evaluate this bond strength, however, they are normally only economically feasible during the construction stage. The Composite Cylinder Bond Test (CCBT) methodology allows the adhesion determination in a simpler and cheaper way, by laboratory tests using mixed samples of rock and cement grout. Therefore, the CCBT is an interesting alternative to project definition of adhesion values. In this context, three different sedimentary lithologies from Caçapava do Sul/RS, Southern Brazil, were studied. The lithologies – called here as conglomerate, fine sandstone and medium sandstone – belong to Varzinha Formation. The characterization of these lithologies were made by thin sections and characterization laboratory tests The textural classification of the conglomerate was sandy conglomerate, the fine sandstone was classified as muddy sandstone, and the medium sandstone was classified as sandstone. In the view of their composition, the fine sandstone was classified as arkose, while the medium sandstone was classified as lithic arkose. Ninety CCBT tests, besides unconfined compression tests on rock and cement grout specimens were carried out. The average adhesion values obtained from laboratory tests were 2,52 MPa for the conglomerate, 1,84 MPa for the fine sandstone and 1,43 MPa for the medium sandstone. An evaluation of confidence intervals of adhesion was also carried out, according to t-student distribution. It was concluded that the adhesion strength was influenced not only by the unconfined compressive strength of the rocks, but also by their water absorption and porosity. Larger values of these two properties increased the adhesion between the two materials. The values obtained from laboratory tests are compatible with literature field data in similar rocks.

In the Colossal Cave area, Pima County, Arizona, massive blocks of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks have been thrust from a southerly direction over an irregular surface of Rincon Valley granite of Laramide age. The Paleozoic rocks involved in the thrusting are the Bolsa quartzite, Abrigo formation, Martin limestone, Escabrosa limestone, Horquilla limestone, and Andrada formation. The Pantano formation (Miocene ?) is also present under the thrust sheet. The thrusting is of an imbricate nature with slip-page mainly teaking place along incompetent rock units. Large folds occur in the Escabrosa limestone and Horquilla lime-stone. A siliceous breccia is associated with thrust planes in the area. The competent units of the Paleozoic sediments were fractured and brecciated along the thrust planes. Solutions dissolved part of the silica and hematite from the Bolsa quartzite and deposited it in the fractured and brecciated zones.

Pražské metro jako prostor pro realizaci geologických exkurzí Abstract: The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate and explore the potential of the tiling materials used in the Prague metro and to create guidelines suitable for organizing geological excursions. Ysdfvwavweefawfbaljehbrrkvjasdhbflavjsdhbf alskdjfbalksjdfnaůksjdnaůkjsdfnaůksjsa Sdfasdfasdfasfavsdfvaskedjfnalksjdfnca weuifhmacskdjfmcapisdjfcaksdjnfcamůskdjfnmacsdkjfnmacůskjdfmnacůs kdjfmnaclskdjfnmacůskdjfnacf askdjfaůksjdf nasdkfjn askdjfn aůksjdnf aůskjdfn aůkjsdf akjsdn fakůjsd fnaůksjdfnaůksrjng adg

SEDIMENTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF T&Uuml / RBEYANI MARL SEQUENCES AND iNPiRi LIMESTONES (LATE BARREMIAN - ALBIAN): IMPLICATIONS FOR POSSIBLE SOURCE AND RESERVOIR ROCKS (NW TURKEY) Anar Nabiyev M.Sc., Department of Geological Engineering Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. i. &Ouml / mer Yilmaz April 2007, 105 pages Sedimentology, cyclostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the T&uuml / rbeyani Marls (Albian) and the inpiri Limestone (Upper Barremian-Albian) members of Ulus Formation (incigez, Bartin, Amasra) were interpreted in this study. In the T&uuml / rbeyani Marls total of five different facies were defined. Marl and limestone facies are the most abundant in the succession. The depositional environment of the succession was defined as an outer shelf area. Within the pelagic marls 39 smaller order and 9 higher order cycles were recognized. These cycles correspond to the parasequences and parasequence sets of sequence stratigraphy, respectively. In the measured section only one type-3 sequence boundary was identified. In the inpiri Limestones great variety of limestone facies are represented. Bioclastic, peloidal, intraclastic wackestone-packstone-grainstone facies are the most abundant. Moreover, occurrence of lime mudstone, fenestral limestone, ooid packstone-grainstone, and sandstone facies are present as well. In the measured section of the inpiri Limestones 25 fifth order and 6 fourth order cycles were defined. These cycles correspond to the parasequence sets and systems tracts of the sequence stratigraphy, respectively. Total of three transgressive and three highstand systems tract were defined. Only one type 2 sequence boundary was identified in the measured section, the rest of them are interrupted by covers. This study revealed that the T&uuml / rbeyani Marls and the inpiri Limestones are not economically valuable as petroleum source and reservoir rocks, respectively. The total organic carbon (TOC) values of marl facies of the T&uuml / rbeyani marls are very low, and the pore spaces observed in the inpiri Limestone are cement filled making it unsuitable reservoir rock. Keywords: sedimentology, cyclostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, T&uuml / rbeyani Marls, inpiri Limestones, Albian, Upper Barremian, Amasra, Bartin.