Por meio da análise conceitual de territorialidade gay, verificar a dinâmica da produção e reprodução dos espaços gays na Rua Frei Caneca e na Avenida Vieira de Carvalho identificando assim os padrões com suas diferenças e semelhanças, limites e limitações nesses dois espaços, com enfoque ao primeiro caso, em que se dá um processo de renovação urbana. A pesquisa procura analisar até que ponto é possível falar em territorialidade gay e continuidade entre essas duas espacialidades multiterritoriais. Entre as questões a serem discutidas estão: como esses espaços são utilizados em diferentes momentos no dia e na semana; como se configura o padrão de consumo nesses dois espaços e por fim, como se mantém ou altera (e até que ponto) uma homogeneidade interna nos dois casos. / Through conceptual analysis of gay territoriality, check the dynamics of production and reproduction of gay spaces at Frei Caneca street and Vieira de Carvalho Avenue thus identifying the standards with their differences and similarities, boundaries and limitations in these two areas, with the first focus event, which occurs in a process of urban renewal. The research seeks to analyze to what extent it is possible to speak of gay and territorial continuity between these two spatialities multi-territory. Among the issues to be discussed are: how these spaces are used at different times in the day and week; the configuration of the consumption pattern in these two areas and finally, how to maintain or alter (and to what extent) an internal homogeneity in both cases.

Jag har valt att göra en kvalitativ undersökning som belyser hur unga muslimska flickor som bär slöja upplever den svenska skolan. Den ska behandla deras tanker och åsikter kring ämnet. Jag har intervjuat tre muslimska slöjbärande flickor i åldern 15 till 16 år. Intervjuerna har spelats in, transkriberats, och tolkats. I denna studie berättar de intervjuade flickorna om hur de blivit orättvist behandlade, mött fördomar och upplevt sig vara mobbade på grund av sin slöja. Detta beror på att jag fick höra många gångar om hur slöjbärande flickor har svårt att anpassa sig till den svenska skolan på grund av flera olika orsaker, till exempel utanförskap. Resultatet visar på att en persons religiösa tillhörelse eller en muslimsk identitet kan visas genom att bära slöja. Många ser slöjan som muslimsk identitet. Resultat visar att vissa slöjbärande flickor upplever utanförskap på grund av fördomar som finns i samhället. Studiens resultat visar att slöjan skulle kunna bli accepterad och normaliserad om fördomarna bearbetas och slöjbärande kvinnor/flickor syns mer i samhället och i de svenska skolorna. Relevanta teorin och begrepp som jag valde att utgå från är bland annat teorin om etablerande och outsider, teorin om islamfobi samt begrepp såsom segregation och integration.

This paper analyses the difference probability in holding managerial positions between men and women in Japan as the glass ceiling effect. In addition, we analyses whether the difference is affected by gender composition within the workplaces. We estimate two specifications of an ordered logit model on Japanese General Social Surveys (JGSS) as well as Japanese yearbook of labor statistics in the year 2010. The results indicate that there is different probability of holding managerial status that women have lower probability of holding managerial positions irrespective of management level comparing to men. However, we can observe that the differentials are decreasing as the managerial positions move up into higher managerial hierarchies. This finding indicates that women have higher chance to hold higher positions. Thus, it is contradict to our hypothesis. In addition, the result suggests that the gender composition also matter in probability of holding managerial status between male and female in Japan. We inspect that the difference probability in holding managerial status between genders is greater in female dominated occupation. This finding shows the effect of glass ceiling that occurs when women work in female dominated occupation as it follows the theory.

Orientador: Amauri Garcia / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T13:54:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Boeira_AlexandrePitol_D.pdf: 5616217 bytes, checksum: 09ba745cbcd2adadf17f39376225a70d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A porosidade é um dos mais importantes defeitos encontrados em componentes fundidos. Neste trabalho, a macrossegregação e a formação de porosidade são investigadas por meio de modelagem numérica e experimentos de solidificação unidirecional vertical ascendente. As composições locais, ao longo dos lingotes, para ligas binárias de alumínio e cobre (AI-4,5%Cu, AI-6,2%Cu e AI-8,1 %Cu) são previstas pelo modelo de macrossegregação e servem de parâmetro de entrada para as simulações da correspondente microporosidade. Os efeitos da gravidade na redistribuição do soluto e na formação da microporosidade também são considerados pelo modelo. Um espectrômetro de tluorescência de raios X foi usado para determinar os perfis de segregação ao longo dos lingotes. As medidas de microporosidade foram realizadas através da análise picnométrica. Os perfis experimentais de segregação e de porosidade nos lingotes são comparados com as previsões teóricas fornecidas pelo modelo numérico, considerando um perfil do coeficiente de transferência de calor metal molde transitório, determinado experimentalmente. Observa-se uma excelente concordância entre os perfis simulados e experimentais de segregação inversa do cobre. A simulação da formação de porosidade, para canais anisotrópicos, mostra-se bastante alinhada com os resultados da análise experimental. Neste contexto, a fração volumétrica de poros apresenta uma tendência ascendente à medida que se distancia da base refrigerada / Abstract: Porosity is one of the most important defects in metaIs casting. In this research macrosegregation and porosity formation are investigated by a numerical modeling technique and by upward vertical unidirectional solidification experiments. The local composition, along the castings length of aluminum cooper binary alloys (AI-4.5 wt % Cu, AI-6.2 wt % Cu and AI-8.l wt % Cu) are predicted by the macrosegregation model and are used as an input parameter for simulation of the corresponding microporosity. The effects exerted by gravity upon the solute redistribution and microporosity formation are also encompassed by this model. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine the segregation profiles along the castings. The measurement of microporosity was performed using picnometric analysis. The experimental segregation profiles and porosity evolution along the castings are compared with theoretical predictions furnished by the numerical mo deI, where the transient metal/mold heat transfer coefficient was experimentally determined. An excellent agreement between the simulated and experimental inverse copper profile has been observed. The simulation of porosity formation for anisotropic channels has fitted better the results of the experimental analysis. In this context, the volumetric fraction of pores has shown an ascending trend from the chill to the top of the ingot / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo de caso realizado com jovens estudantes da Zona Leste de São Paulo que fizeram parte da mobilização secundarista de 2015, marcada pelas ocupações de escola. O objetivo da pesquisa foi investigar a formação de visões de mundo e as formas de engajamento político desses sujeitos, procurando relacioná-las aos elementos imediatos do seu cotidiano. Ao longo da dissertação, discute-se a relação desses jovens tanto com ativistas quanto com atores que compõe sua realidade local. Verificou-se que o envolvimento em um cursinho popular atuante na Zona Leste de São Paulo teve grande peso em seu processo de politização e que, a partir dos laços ali construídos, ligaram-se a uma rede mais ampla de novas formas de ativismo. Identifica-se também uma tensa relação com o conjunto de atores identificado como agentes da ordem: policiais, burocracia escolar, igreja e famílias. Por fim, acompanhando seu percurso de engajamento posterior à onda de ocupações escolares de 2015, percebe-se o rompimento desses jovens com a ideia de representação e a afinidade com repertórios autonomistas, bem como uma forte ligação com plano local. / This research consists of a case study made with young students from the east side of São Paulo who were part of a mobilization in 2015, marked by a wave of school occupations. The objective of the research was to investigate the formation of the students worldview and political engagement, relating them to the immediate elements of their daily life. Throughout the dissertation, we discuss their relationship with both activists and actors that are part of their local reality. It was verified that a community college course had a great influence in their process of politicization and that, from the bonds built there, they were connected to a wider network of new forms of activism. It also identifies a tense relationship with the set of actors identified as \"agents of order\": police officers, school bureaucracy, church and families. Finally, following their path of engagement after the wave of school occupations, one can see the youth breakup with the affinity and idea of autonomist representation repertoires, as well as a strong connection with local plan.

This thesis looks at the effect of industrial and occupational segregation on the wage differential between resident and migrant workers in China. It extends the work of Meng and Zhang (2001) by considering the possible employment segregation of resident and migrant workers by both industry and occupation. I contend that industry segregation is at least as important as occupational segregation for Chinese migrant workers, as most migrant workers in China have come from the countryside to fuel the booming labor-intensive manufacturing and construction industries in the cites. Due to the hukou policy (a household registration system) in China, migrant workers normally face more constraints in searching for jobs in other sectors. My empirical study confirms that the proportion of the resident-migrant worker wage differential that is explained by industrial segregation is much larger than that explained by occupational segregation. Taking both industrial and occupational segregation into account explains the substantial wage differential between resident and migrant workers, which indicates the influence of industrial and occupational barriers on the wage differential in China.

Denna uppsats studerar perspektiv på trygghet inifrån samt utifrån området vi har studerat. Detta ämne studeras genom en fallstudie i ett miljonprogramsområde; Ljungdala, Hässleholm. I uppsatsen analyseras och diskuteras det kring trygghet i förhållande till segregation, stigmatisering och mediers makt. Vi har som underlag för fallstudien intervjuat personer som är bosatta i miljonprogramsområdet samt analyserat artiklar publicerade i tidningar gällande området och tryggheten där. Vi ser att frågan kring trygghet idag är stor inom samhällsplaneringen och att det likaså diskuteras livligt av befolkningen då det påverkar deras vardag starkt. Vi anser samtidigt att ett rykte stigmatiserar områden vilket får medföljder. Rykten som inte alltid speglar verkligheten är något som ofta förekommer och specifikt kring segregerade miljonprogramsområden. Syftet med uppsatsen var därav att undersöka hur trygghet i området föreställs inifrån och utifrån, med detta menar vi från de boende i området samt från medier.Studien visar att det finns markanta skillnader i föreställningarna av trygghet. De boende anser att området är felaktigt speglat och påpekar att det cirkulerar rykten som inte stämmer. Medierna lyfter trygghetsproblem i området och i artiklarna indikeras det vart problemen är rotade. Det existerar alltså skilda uppfattningar kring området. / This thesis deals with the subject of safety and perspectives of it from inside and outside the area we have examined. The subject is examined through a case study in a “miljonprogramsområde” in Ljungdala, Hässleholm. We have analyzed and discussed the issue of safety in relation to segregation, stigmatization and the power of media. To support the case study, we interviewed residents in the “miljonprogramsområde” and analyzed articles published in newspapers concerning the area and its safety.We have noticed that a question about security is vital in today's urban planning and that it is also discussed lively by the population as it greatly affects their everyday lives. We believe that a reputation of an area can stigmatize it and that may result in other effects as well. Rumors that do not reflect reality are something that often occur and specifically regarding segregated “miljonprogramsområden”. The aim of the thesis was to investigate how safety is perceived in the area from within and externally, thus from residents in the area and from the media.The study shows that there are remarkable differences in the perception of safety. The residents consider the area as incorrectly perceived and points out that there are rumors that are not correct. The media highlights safety issues in the area and indicates where the problems are rooted. Thus, it exists distinguished perceptions of the area.

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker svensk hyressättning, med ett särskilt fokus på Malmömodellen. Vi beskriver vad ett hyressättningssystem utifrån alltmer liberala reformer har för inverkan på segregationen. Malmömodellen har utökat attraktivitetens betydelse när det kommer till hyressättning, därför diskuterar vi begreppet attraktivitet inom ramarna för just hyressättning. För att få fram en bild av den svenska hyresmarknaden, som har beskrivits som mjukt reglerad, jämför vi en reglerad marknads sociala konsekvenser med marknadshyrors sociala påverkan. En jämförelse som blir relevant då Malmömodellen kan ses som en utveckling av det nuvarande svenska hyressystemet med tydligare marknadstendenser. En inblick i aktörernas syn på den svenska hyresmarknaden förankrar vår studie i verkligheten, och bidrar till en nyanserad diskussion kring Malmömodellen. Vår sammanfattande slutsats får oss att tro att hyressystemets utformning är en av de bakomliggande orsakerna för segregation, oberoende på hur den utformas kommer den alltid bidra till en viss ojämlikhet. Det övergripande sociala målet för utformningen, borde enligt vår uppfattning vara att minimera dessa olikheter som riskerar att leda till en segregerad stad. / This bachelor thesis explores the swedish rental system, with a particular focus on Malmömodellen. We describe what kind of impact a rental system based on liberal reforms has on segregation. Malmömodellen has expanded the significance that attractivity plays when it comes to rents, therefore we discuss the concept of attractivity within the frames of rent setting. To paint a picture of the swedish rental market, often described as soft rent-control, we compare the social consequences of a regulated market with market rents’ social effects. This comparison becomes relevant since Malmömodellen can be viewed as a development of the current swedish rental system but with more distinguishable market tendencies. An insight on the actors view on the swedish rental market establishes our study in the real world, and contributes to a nuanced discussion surrounding Malmömodellen. Our summarized conclusion leads us to believe that the configuration of the rental system is one of the underlying reasons for segregation, independently of its modelling it will always contribute to some sort of inequality. The overall social aim for the modelling, should in our opinion be to minimize these inequalities which risks to result in a segregated city.

I denna uppsats undersöks hyressättningssystemet i Malmö: Malmömodellen. Syftet bakom denna systematiska hyressättningsmodellen var att försöka få till en förbättrad situation på Malmös bostadsmarknad där svarthandel med kontrakt och svårmotiverade skillnader i hyresnivåer var ett utbrett problem. Malmömodellens införande innebar att stadens bostadsområden rangordnades utifrån attraktivitet - lägets attraktivitet skulle få större inverkan på hyran. Det innebar även att en modell för hyrespåslag utifrån olika parametrar kopplade till bostadens standard infördes. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i att studera hur dessa förändringar påverkar segregation och gentrifiering och hur respondenter från inblandade och drivande parter ser på dessa frågor. Semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med respondenter från Malmös Kommunala Bostadsbolag (MKB), Hyresgästföreningen samt Heimstaden. Studien följer en kvalitativ metod och resultaten bearbetades kvalitativt. Detta för att vi ville fånga de enskilda respondenternas uppfattningar. Studiens respondenter menade att de inte trodde att Malmömodellen hade någon nämnvärd påverkan på segregation, men med förbehållet att den eventuellt kan ha bidragit något till att förstärka redan rådande segregationsmönster. En oro över att själva rangordningen av bostadsområdena kan bidra till negativa självuppfyllande spiraler lyftes även, vilket även går att koppla till studiens teoridel. Utöver det utfördes en dokumentanalys av några av de dokument som legat till grund för Malmömodellens utformning. Resultaten indikerar att den enkät som låg till grund för rangordningen av de områden man valt att dela in Malmö i eventuellt hade vissa brister gällande urval och utformning och att många respondenter var skeptiska till syftet samt områdesindelningen. / This essay examines the rental system in Malmö: Malmömodellen [The Malmö Model]. The purpose behind this systematic rental model was to try to get an improved situation on Malmö's housing market where black market trading with contracts and differences in rental levels, that were difficult to motivate, was a widespread problem. The introduction of the Malmö model meant that the city's residential areas were ranked based on attractiveness - the attractiveness of the location were to have a greater impact on the rent. This also meant that a model for rent levels based on various parameters linked to the housing standard were introduced. The study examines how these changes affect segregation and gentrification and how respondents from involved and driving parties view these issues. Semistructured interviews were conducted with respondents from Malmö's Municipal Housing Company (MKB), Hyresgästföreningen (the Tenants' Association) and Heimstaden. The study and its results were conducted and processed by using a qualitative method, because we wanted to capture the perceptions of the individual respondents. The respondents did not believe that the Malmö model had any significant impact on segregation, but with the reservation that it may have contributed somewhat to exacerbating the already existing segregation pattern. Concerns that the actual ranking of the residential areas could also contribute to negative self-fulfilling spirals is also raised, which can also be linked to the study's theoretical chapter.In addition, a document analysis of some of the documents that formed the basis of the Malmö model was performed. The results indicate that the questionnaire, on which the ranking of the areas of Malmö were based on, might have had some shortcomings regarding selection and design and that many respondents were skeptical of the purpose and the division of the residential areas.

Magister Artium - MA / The Rwandese society is composed of three ethnic groups: Hutus, .Tutsis and Twas who started living together from the 16th century when the kingdom of Rwanda was formed until today.1 From the early 20th century up to recently in 1994 with Tutsi Genocide, there were different ethnic conflicts between Hutus and Tutsis (Twas constituted only a small percentage of the total Rwandan population thus inevitably becoming an insignificant group in those ethnic conflicts).