Orientador: Carmem M. C. Monti Juliani / Banca: Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada / Banca: Maria José Sanches Marin / Resumo: Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o acesso dos usuários ao serviço público de saúde de maior complexidade no município de Marília/SP, sob a ótica da integralidade. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico inserido no campo da avaliação de serviços de saúde, cujos dados foram obtidos por meio de análise de documentos e relatórios administrativos existentes nos sistemas de informação em saúde do município, no ano de 2007. Foram analisadas 529 fichas de reclamação na ouvidoria advindas da rede básica, além da análise de documentos informatizados da Central de Vagas sobre a demanda e oferta de serviços a níveis de atenção de maior complexidade. Para análise do número de agendados nas especialidades médicas utilizaram-se parâmetros da Portaria nº 1.101 do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados de morbidade ambulatorial local foram obtidos pelo SIAL (Sistema de Informação Ambulatorial Local) com a finalidade de correlacionar as especialidades médicas, com o número de reclamações. Na análise dos resultados constatou-se que o maior número de reclamações na ouvidoria é referente à demanda reprimida para as especialidades médicas e exames especializados, e que o tempo médio para suprir a demanda é elevado. Embora os dados obtidos demonstrem um período longo de espera para o atendimento nas especialidades, os parâmetros da Portaria nº 1.101 são atendidos na sua totalidade e, não raras vezes, mais que o recomendado por esta. Assim sendo, interpretamos que há uma defasagem dos parâmetros de cobertura desta Portaria, que está muito aquém das demandas de encaminhamentos oriundos da rede básica, ou a atenção básica não está cumprindo com o seu papel de resolubilidade dos problemas de saúde da população. Quanto ao SIAL, uma das morbidades mais prevalentes são as doenças do aparelho respiratório... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aimed evaluates the user's access to high complexity health service in the city of Marília - SP from the perspective of integrality. It's an epidemiological study inserted in the field of health evaluation services, whose data were obtained through analysis of documents and administrative reports available in the city health information systems, in the year 2007. Were analyzed 529 complaints records of call service arising from basic network and digitized documents from Vacant Center about supply and demand services to levels of more complex care. For analysis the scheduled number of medical specialties this study used the parameters of the 1.101 ordinance Ministry of Health. The ambulatory morbidity data were obtained from SIAL (local Information System) with the purpose to correlate the medical specialties and the complaints number. The analysis of results evidenced that the majority number of complaints to the call service refers to the restrained demand for medical specialties and specialized exames, and the average time to supply the demand is high. Although the data show a long period of waiting to a specialty appointment, the parameters of the 1.101 ordinance are met in full and, often, more than recommended for this. Therefore, we interpret that there is unbalanced parameters of coverage, which is well below the demands of cases received from the basic network or primary care is not fulfilling its role in solving the problems of population health. About SIAL, one of the most prevalent morbidity are diseases of the respiratory system (16,0%), and the pneumology specialty, had one the minority numbers of complaints to the call service, which leads us to believe that the primary basic care are better prepared to take care of the common diseases of this specialty. In this context, we know that certainly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Adriano Dias / Resumo: O objetivo geral deste estudo foi verificar os fatores socioeconômicos, clínicos e relacionados à organização dos serviços associados ao tempo para acesso aos tratamentos do câncer de mama. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com 600 mulheres com diagnóstico de câncer de mama internadas para tratamento clínico e/ou cirúrgico dessa doença que realizaram o primeiro tratamento em nove hospitais públicos do Distrito Federal. Não foram incluídos casos prevalentes de câncer de mama e casos que apresentavam doença metastática identificada em exames de estadiamento antes do início do tratamento. Todas as participantes foram entrevistadas entre setembro de 2012 e setembro de 2014. Os dados clínicos foram preenchidos com dados do prontuário. Em um segundo momento, realizou-se nova revisão do prontuário e/ou contato telefônico para obter informações sobre os tratamentos após a cirurgia e evolução clínica. O seguimento das mulheres ocorreu até fevereiro de 2016. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal pelo parecer nº 99.313. As mulheres apresentavam, em média, 53,3 anos (± 12,5) ao diagnóstico e a maioria se declarou com a cor da pele parda (46,4%), referiu ter em média 7,9 anos de estudo (± 4,6), renda familiar média de R$ 2.079,01 (± R$ 2.489,23), residir no Distrito Federal (65,8%). Dentre as mulheres que buscaram os serviços de saúde a partir da autoidentificação dos sintomas sugestivos de câncer de mama, o interv... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Thesis (M.Dev. (Management and Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / Section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 provides that everyone has a right to have access to health care. South Africa embraces the concept of universal health care coverage. Access to health care has four dimensions: geographic accessibility, availability, financial accessibility and acceptability. If there were barriers to access to health care, the stake-holders would be duty-bound to design interventions requisite to address those barriers. The aim of the study was to establish whether health care users enjoy the right to have access to health services at Ratshaatsha Community Health Centre (RCHC). The study used a combination of quantitative and qualitative research designs. While a questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data, focused group discussions and participant observations were employed to collect qualitative data. The following are the main findings of the study. Human rights instruments clearly spell out the indivisible and mutually supportive rights that persons have. There are barriers that often affect the rights to have access to health services at RCHC. For instance, the RCHC is not within a 25 km radius of some of the consumers of health care. The roads that link up the health care users and RCHC are in poor condition. The community is generally poverty-stricken. Many cannot afford, among others, the costs of basic needs, transport fares and opportunity costs. Travelling distance and time, scarce skills and lack of medication and equipment rank among demand-side and supply-side barriers to access to health care. Health care users often choose to consult churches and traditional healers. It is recommended that government should, among others, co-ordinate primary health care services in collaboration with churches and traditional healers; commission research into traditional health medicine and healing procedures and protocols of other health care providers; develop policy on cross-referral of patients; improve community participation; set minimum norms and standards for the delivery of alternative health care services; establish health care management guidelines for churches and traditional healers; integrate health care provisioning into IDPs; and provide health care in an integrated intergovernmental manner.

O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar e analisar o acesso às Órteses, Próteses e Meios Auxiliares de Locomoção (OPM) no Sistema Único de Saúde de uma microrregião de saúde do município de São Paulo - SP. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, acontecendo em duas etapas. Uma primeira de desenho metodológico transversal, retrospectivo e exploratório com dados de prontuários de usuários que tiveram OPM prescrita para um Centro Especializado em Reabilitação (CER) no período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2017. Uma segunda de abordagem qualitativa por meio de grupos de discussão com profissionais e gestores de serviços da atenção básica e especializada do território para a constituição de um Fluxograma Analisador para a concessão de OPM e por meio de entrevistas não diretivas com usuários de OPM indicados por profissionais da atenção básica para a constituição de Itinerários Terapêuticos. Com distribuição não normal dos quantitativos, foi utilizado o teste Kruskal-Wallis para análise da diferença entre as medianas, sendo considerado estatisticamente significativo um p <= 0,05. Técnicas de Fluxograma Analisador e de Análise de Conteúdo foram utilizadas para análises dos dados qualitativos. Na análise de 729 prontuários, houve uma predominância da filantropia no processo para concessão de OPM, sendo que 51,9% dos dispositivos foram dispensados pela instituição filantrópica conveniada. Porém, isto vem diminuindo, sendo que em 2017, 74,9% dos dispositivos solicitados foram dispensados pelo próprio CER. Não se observou um incremento no número de dispositivos dispensados no período, mas redução do tempo de dispensação com significância estatística e o CER levou em média 4,3 para dispensar dispositivos. Observa-se um fluxo pactuado entre os profissionais e serviços para concessão de OPM com algumas lacunas apontadas por profissionais e usuários na comunicação entre CER e atenção básica sobre recebimento do dispositivo pelos usuários e a respeito dos fluxos de reparos e manutenção. Conclui-se que há ainda predominância da filantropia no processo para fornecimento de OPM. Observou-se redução do tempo de dispensação de dispositivos, mas não acompanhado de aumento no acesso a eles no período e região estudados. Nota-se também um fluxo pactuado entre profissionais e serviços, porém com ausência de um fluxo de reparo e manutenção de OPM no território / The present study aimed to characterize and to analyze the access to Orthosis, Prosthesis and other Mobility Aids (OPM) in the Unified Health System of a micro region of health of São Paulo city. It is a study with quantitative and qualitative approach, which happened in two steps. The first cross-sectional, retrospective and exploratory with data of medical records of OPM users who had OPM prescribed to a Specialized Center in Rehabilitation (CER) in the period from January 2015 until December 2017. A second of qualitative approach by means of discussion groups with professionals and managers of primary care and secondary specialized care services of territory to the constitution of Analyzer Flowchart to the OPM grant and by means of non-directive interviews with OPM users who were indicated by primary care professionals to the constitution of Therapeutic Itineraries. With a non-normal distribution of quantitative data, the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze of difference between the medians was used, being considered statistically significant p <= 0.05. Techniques of Analyzer Flowchart and Content Analyze were used to qualitative data analysis. In the analyze of 729 medical records, there was predominance of philanthropy in the process to OPM grant, being that 51.9% of devices were dispensed by agreed philanthropic institution. However, this has decreasing, being that in 2017, 74.9% of requested were dispensed by CER itself. It was not observed an increase in the number of dispensed devices in the period, but decrease of dispensation time with statistical significance, and the CER took in average 4.3 months to dispense devices. It is observed a flow agreed between the professionals and users to OPM grant with some gaps pointed by professional and users in the communication between CER and primary care about receipt of device by users and with respect the flows of repair and maintenance. It is conclude that there was decrease in the dispensation time of devices, but not accompanied of increase in the access to them in the period and region studied. It is also noted a flow agreed between professional and services, but with no a flow of repair and maintenance of OPM in the territory

INTRODUÇÃO: O processo saúde-doença está intrinsecamente conectado com as condições concretas de vida e com as diversas realidades sociais, acarretando o forte vínculo entre a situação de saúde e os fatores históricos, sociais, econômicos, culturais e biológicos. A formulação sobre Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS) busca ampliar o enfoque sobre as condições de vida e bem-estar, salientando a distribuição de renda, as condições de vida e trabalho, as redes de suporte social, entre outros, como fatores que afetam a qualidade de vida. Os DSS buscam, assim, evitar a análise fragmentada, englobando a concepção de Determinantes Estruturais. Estes procuram compreender as condições de distribuição de riqueza, poder e prestígio na origem dos problemas de saúde. Assim, a estrutura de classes sociais, a distribuição de renda e o preconceito de gênero e raça são considerados na proposição de políticas de saúde. OBJETIVO: Sistematizar o conhecimento a respeito dos DSS e seus componentes Estruturais e Intermediários, segundo o potencial para contribuir na elaboração de políticas sociais e de saúde. MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão de escopo (Scoping Review), metodologia que amplia e aprofunda o mapeamento e a síntese do conhecimento. As etapas foram: identificação da questão de pesquisa e dos estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; extração de dados; separação, sumarização, relatório e comunicação dos resultados. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS e Pub-Med, que engloba o MEDLINE. Adicionalmente, foi realizado levantamento específico nas revistas: International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, American Journal of Public Health e American Journal of Epidemiology. RESULTADOS: Após a retirada das duplicatas, foram localizados 752 artigos; e após a triagem, 19 artigos foram analisados em profundidade. Dentre os países nos quais as pesquisas selecionadas foram desenvolvidas, destacaram-se Estados Unidos e Inglaterra com seis e quatro publicações respectivamente (31,6% e 21%) seguidos de três publicações no Canadá (15,7%), duas no Brasil (10,5%), duas na Nova Zelândia (10,5%), duas na Austrália (10,5%) e uma no México (5,2%). As discussões sobre os Determinantes Estruturais da saúde são mais recentes. A análise permitiu tratar das diferenças entre termos comumente utilizados, como desigualdade, disparidade e iniquidade. Os marcadores sociais da diferença mais problematizados na formulação dos DSS Estruturais foram: racismo gênero, classe social e situação migratória. Por serem os marcadores sociais mutuamente construídos, a perspectiva teórica da interseccionalidade foi apresentada como recurso metodológico para entender suas inter-relações. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível identificar neste trabalho uma agenda síntese que perpassa ações na área econômica, propondo a redistribuição da riqueza; políticas públicas intersetoriais e mudanças no arcabouço jurídico, destacando que os determinantes sociais são mais bem compreendidos quando se reconhece a dialética entre contextos específicos e os macrodeterminantes políticos e econômicos, identificando os diferentes significados e consequências para a saúde / INTRODUCTION: The health-disease process is intrinsically connected with concrete conditions of life and with the diverse social realities, which brings about the strong ties between the health situation and historical, social, economical, cultural, and biological factors. The formulation of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) seeks to broaden the focus on conditions of life and well-being, emphasizing the distribution of income, the work and life conditions, the net of social support, among other factors that affected the quality of life. SDH seek, in this way, to avoid a fragmented analysis, embodying the conception of Structural Determinants, which seek to comprehend the conditions of distribution of wealth, power, and prestige in the origins of health problems. Thus, the structure of social classes, the distribution of income, and the prejudice of gender and race are taken into account in the proposition of health policies. OBJECTIVE: systematizing knowledge about the SDH and their structural components, according to the potential to contribute in the elaboration of social and health policies. METHODOLOGY: The following research employs the Scoping Review Methodology, which enlarges and deeps the mapping and the synthesis of knowledge. The phases of our work were the following: identification of the research issue and relevant studies; selection of the studies; extraction of data; division, summarization, reports, and communication of results. The following electronic databases were researched: Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, LILACS, and Pub-Med, which comprehends MEDLINE. Additionally, specific journals were surveyed: International Journal of Epidemiology, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, American Journal of Public Health, and American Journal of Epidemiology. OUTCOMES: After removing the duplicates, 752 articles were found, and after the screening 19 articles were analyzed in depth. Among the countries in which the selected researches were conducted, the following are noteworthy: England and the USA with four and five publications respectively (21% and 26,3%), followed by three publications in Canada (15,7%), two in Brazil (10,5%), two in New Zealand (10,5%), two in Australia (10,5%) and one in México (5,2%). The discussions on Structural Determinants of Health are more recent. The analysis allowed us to treat the differences among terms commonly used, such as inequality, disparity, and inequity. The social markers of difference more problematized in the formulation of the Structural SDH were racism, gender, social class, and migration situation. For being social markers mutually built, the theoretical perspective of intersectionality was presented as a methodological resource to understand its inter-relations. CONCLUSION: This work was able to identify a synthesis-agenda, which passes through actions in the economical field, proposing the redistribution of wealth, intersectoral public policies, and changes in the juridical frame, emphasizing that the social determinants are better comprehended when the dialectics between specific contexts and the political-economical macro-determinants are acknowledged, identifying the different meanings and consequences for Health

There is increasing concern about hepatitis C virus (HCV) and potential HIV transmission among ethnic Vietnamese injecting drug users (IDUs) in Australia. To date ethnic and cultural differences in vulnerability to blood-borne viruses (BBV) have received little attention and few studies have attempted to explore the role of cultural beliefs and values in influencing injection risk behaviour. This study aimed to systematically explore the cultural beliefs and behavioural practices that appear to place ethnic Vietnamese IDUs at increased risk of BBV infection, identify barriers to this group accessing health and preventive programs, and document antibody HIV and HCV prevalence and associated risk behaviours. The first component of the research consisted of an ethnographic study designed to explore underlying explanatory models of health and illness employed by Vietnamese IDUs and identify cultural influences on risk behaviours and vulnerability to BBVs. These data were subsequently used to inform the development of the instrument used in the second component ??? a cross-sectional survey and collection of capillary blood samples designed to assess risk behaviours and antibody HIV and antibody HCV prevalence. Analysis of data from both components indicates that cultural beliefs and practices influence risk-taking and health-seeking behaviours and suggests pathways through which this influence occurs. Relevant cultural characteristics include those pertaining to spiritual and religious beliefs, the role of the family and traditional Vietnamese family values, cultural scripts of self-control and stoicism, the importance of ???face??? and non-confrontational relationships, trust and obligation, and a reluctance to discuss problems with outsiders. Vulnerability to BBVs is influenced by these cultural characteristics, together with Vietnamese IDUs??? perceptions of risk, knowledge about HIV and HCV, and situational and environmental factors. Main factors contributing to the under-utilisation of health services include the use of self-managed care practices, ambivalence surrounding Western medicine, long waiting times, concerns in relation to confidentiality, stigmatisation of drug use, and limited knowledge of BBVs. The data indicate a need for interventions based on understanding of culturally specific meanings and contexts of health, illness and risk in order to better meet the needs of this vulnerable group.

<p>Teenage pregnancy is one of the major public health problems facing teenage girls in Zambia (Webb, 2000 / Warenius, 2008). Teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of adolescent&nbsp / reproductive health (ARH) services is important for the prevention of teenage pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) amongst teenagers.High incidence of teenage pregnancies has been noted in the district despite availability of ARHservices. Teenage pregnancy is a major contributing factor to the high school drop-out rate amongst the girls and is one of the challenges faced by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that support girl child education, such as the campaign for female&nbsp / education (CAMFED) as well as for government agencies such as the Ministry of Education. The high incidence of teenage pregnancies could be an indication of poor access to&nbsp / and utilization of ARH services and therefore an assessment of the accessibility and utilization of the ARH services was done to explore the reasons for this.This research aimed to explore the factors affecting teenage girls‟ access to and utilization of ARH services in the Mpika district, Zambia. The research was a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study using individual interviews with ten in-school teenage girls, four key informants rendering ARH services and a focus group discussion (FGD) with ten pregnant teenage girls. By exploring these particpants‟ perceptions and experiences, appropriate interventions to improve accessibility to and utilization of ARH services could be designed that would be appropriate for the local context in order for them to be effective. Thematic analysis with categorizing and coding methods was used to analyze the data. The study used the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) which stipulates that an individual‟s attitude,subjective norms and perceived behavioural control influence behaviour as a framework to explain the findings of the results of the study. The findings of the study indicated that physical, psychological and social barriers hindered adolescents from accessing and utilizing ARH services. The findings also suggested that high levels of knowledge about RH services do not necessarily translate into accessibility and utilization of ARH services. Accessibility to and utilization of ARH services by adolescents can also be determined by an individual‟s attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control as illustrated by the TPB. Adolescents need to feel comfortable using ARH services. Therefore the three variables of TPB should be taken into consideration when designing comprehensive ARH programmes in order to accommodate the unique reproductive health needs of the adolescents. There is need to encourage participation in and involvement of adolescents in planning and&nbsp / &nbsp / implementation of ARH programmes. The participants also made recommendations which included strengthening information and education on ARH, strengthening adolescent-friendly services, improving staffing levels and promotion of school health services.</p>

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1622. Adviser: Stephen H. Linder. Includes bibliographical references.

Adviser: Stephen H. Linder. UMI number 3350227. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134).

M. Tech. Business Information Systems / Field-based healthcare is the provisioning of healthcare outside a traditional healthcare facility whose location is fixed. Although healthcare is not location and time dependent, the delivery of the service is often constrained to particular location and time. That is, although data accuracy and timely access to medical information is vital, healthcare service providers are not mobile enough to provide the on-demand healthcare service to patients. With restricted mobility, mistakes, unavailability and inaccuracy of information can have life-threatening consequences. To this point, this mini-dissertation argues that Mobile Information Technology (IT) Innovation could leverage field-based healthcare. Thus Mobile IT is considered essential to reducing medical errors, enhancing patient safety and improving quality of healthcare service delivery. Mobile IT can also be leveraged to meet ICT infrastructural challenges of field-based healthcare. That is, to enhance this service delivery, Mobile IT innovation will include the use of mobile devices such as mobile phones, smart phones, pocket computers, wireless networks and other technologies such as Radio Frequency Identification, smart cards, as well as information systems accessed through these technologies. In recent years, cases of Mobile IT application in healthcare service, particularly in South Africa, suggest the use of Mobile IT for disease management, monitoring as well as evaluation of patient care activities. There is a need for an empirical study to highlight the determinant factors that influence Mobile IT innovation for field-based healthcare. In response to this need, this study captured and unraveled the complexity of Mobile IT innovation for field-based healthcare through a case study conducted at a healthcare service provider.