Para evaluar su uso como predictor de daño miocárdico en insuficiencia cardíaca se determinaron los niveles séricos de las enzimas Asparto aminotransferasa (AST), Creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima Creatina fosfokinasa – MB (CK-MB) y Lactato Deshidrogenasa (LDH) en perros adultos con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y aparentemente sanos. Fueron estudiados 25 animales sin distinción de sexo y raza, Los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 10 animales aparentemente sanos (G1) y 15 animales con enfermedad Cardiovascular (G2). Se muestrearon sueros de ambos grupos y se analizaron por espectrofotometría. Los valores obtenidos fueron procesados mediante la prueba estadística “el Test de la t de student para comparar dos muestras independientes”. Los resultados indican que los niveles séricos de la Isoenzima CK-MB tuvieron diferencia estadística significativa (p menor a 0.05) a favor de los animales con ECV; y el resto de enzimas (AST, CK Y LDH) no obtuvieron diferencia estadística significativa. Se concluye que la CK-MB puede servir como predictor de daño miocárdico progresivo en la insuficiencia cardíaca canina. Palabras Clave: Asparto aminotransferasa (AST), Creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima Creatina fosfokinasa – MB (CK-MB), Lactato Deshidrogenasa (LDH), Enfermedad cardiovascular, Perros adultos. / --- Serum levels of the enzymes Asparte amino transferase ( AST ), Creatine kinase ( CK ), the MB fraction of Creatine kinase ( CK - MB ) and Lactate Dehydrogenase ( LDH ) were measured in adult dogs with cardiovascular illness and apparently healthy; they could evaluate their use as predictor of myocardial damage in heart failure. 25 animals irrespective of sex and race were studied, them as they split in 2 groups: 10 apparently healthy animals (G1) and 15 animals with illness Cardiovascular (G2). We sampled serums in the 2 groups and they were examined for spectrophotometry. The obtained values were analyzed by means of the statistical test the Test of student's t to compare two independent samples. The results indicate than levels of CK-MB had statistical significant difference (p menor a 0.05) in favor to dogs with cardiovascular illness. The rest of enzymes (AST, CK and LDH) did not obtain statistical significant difference. We Conclude than CK- MB can serve as predictor of progressive myocardial damage in the heart failure. Key Words: Asparte amino transferase (AST), Creatine kinase (CK), the MB fraction of Creatine kinase (CK - MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiovascular illness, Adult dog.

Orientador: Antonio Sérgio Martins / Banca: Emilio Carlos Curselli / Banca: Walter José Gomes / Resumo: Apresentamos nesta dissertação, uma revisão dos estudos epidemiológicos e econômicos mostrando a doença cardiovascular como a grande pandemia do século XXI, tanto dos países desenvolvidos como naqueles em desenvolvimento. Colocamos em foco a necessidade de estudar-se a epidemiologia cardiovascular, que consiste na busca das causas de mudança da condição de saúde ou doença, nos seus fatores de risco e nos esforços para a preservação da saúde. Além das perspectivas epidemiológicas, há de se comentar as econômicas e sociais que seguem as primeiras uma vez que pessoas cada vez mais jovens adoecem causando um déficit na população economicamente ativa. Hoje a doença cardiovascular consome muitos recursos, saber quanto custa ao serviço público, com dados claros e fidedignos é a única forma de evitar um caos nos sistemas de saúde de todo o mundo. A grande maioria dos dados disponíveis hoje necessita de aperfeiçoamento para serem utilizados com êxito. No Brasil a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS em 1988 norteada com os princípios da universalidade e da equidade, juntamente com os avanços tecnológicos e escassez de recursos, exige uma otimização dos recursos disponíveis sem, entretanto alterar a qualidade da assistência á saúde. Quando analisamos os gastos do SUS em saúde, observamos um incremento anual crescente, especialmente quando falamos das doenças cardiovasculares. Em 2007 foram registradas 1.157.509 internações por DCV no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que custaram aos cofres públicos R$ 1.468.441.279,46. Em novembro de 2009 ocorreram 91.970 internações por DCV, resultando em um custo de R$ 165.461.644,33 (DATASUS). Os gastos continuam aumentando ano após ano de forma desastrosa. Sendo assim caracterizamos o gasto com as DCV especificamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: We presented in this dissertation, a review of epidemiologic and economic studies showing the cardiovascular disease as the great pandemic of the XXI century much of the developed countries as in developing countries. We focuses the need to study the cardiovascular epidemiology, which consists in finding the causes of change in health condition or disease, in its risk factors and efforts to preserve health. Apart from the epidemiological perspective, we should also comment on the economic and social that follows the first since more and more young people become ill, causing a deficit in the economically active population. Today, cardiovascular disease consumes too many resources, how much it costs to public service, with clear and reliable data is the only way to avoid chaos in health systems around the world. The vast majority of data available today need improvement to be used successfully. In Brazil, the creation of the Sistema Único de Saúde in 1988 SUS guided with the principles of universality and equity, along with technological advances and dwindling resources, requires an optimization of available resources without however changing the quality of healthcare. When we analyze SUS expenses on health, we observe a growing annual increase, especially when it comes to cardiovascular diseases. In 2007 we registered 1,157,509 admissions for CVD in the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) that cost the public treasury R$ 1,468,441,279.46. In November 2009 there were 91,970 admissions for CVD, resulting in a cost of R$ 165,461,644.33 (DATASUS). Expenses continue to increase year after year in a disastrous way. Therefore we characterize the CVD expenses specifically heart disease by the government through a retrospective study, with descriptive purpose, developed within the specialty of cardiology where numerical data... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-08T17:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LARISSA MATUDA MACEDO.pdf: 1925394 bytes, checksum: f5aee8d90e490ce7d7b1a21ffa29993c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-08T17:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LARISSA MATUDA MACEDO.pdf: 1925394 bytes, checksum: f5aee8d90e490ce7d7b1a21ffa29993c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-12 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Activation of the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)-Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang(1-7)]-Mas Receptor axis results in protective effects in the cardiovascular system. ACE 2 is an important component of Renin-Angiotensin System, because it is able to convert Angiotensin II in Ang-(1-7). Recents studies have shown that diminazene aceturate (DIZE) act as an activator of ACE 2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of chronic treatment with DIZE in pressureoverloaded rats and the possible mechanisms involved in these effects. Male Wistar rats (200-350 g) were divided in four groups: (1) Sham; (2) Coarcted (abdominal aortic banding, CAA); (3) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavage); e (4) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavage) + A-779 (120 µg/day, osmotic mini-pumps). Twenty one days after surgery procedure, the blood pressure was recorded, the hearts were isolated and perfused according to Langendorff method. Vascular reactivity was measured by isolated aortic ring preparation. In order to evaluate the cardiac hypertrophy, the left ventricular mass index (VMI) was calculated through the ratio of the left ventricular wet weight to tibia length. The cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes (CSA) was also evaluated. The mRNA levels for ANP, BNP e TGF-β were also evaluated by qRT-PCR. The expression of ACE-2 and ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, GATA-4, catalase and SOD proteins involved in hypertrophic pathways was analyzed by Western Blot technique. The results are presented as means ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls post-test was used to analyze the blood pressure, cardiac morphometric parameters, isolated heart, qRT-PCR and Western Blot experiments. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-test was used for aortic rings preparation protocols. All statistical analyses were considered significant at P<0.05. Isolated hearts from coarcted rats presented a significant decrease in the left ventricular end systolic pressure (128.1 ± 9.0 vs. 79.1 ± 12.8 mmHg in CAA, P<0.05), left ventricular developed pressure (118.1 ± 8.9 vs. 69.0 ± 12.7 mmHg in CAA, P<0.05), +dP/dt (2295.0 ± 161.8 vs. 1406.0 ± 246.5 mmHg/s in CAA, P<0.05) and dP/dt (1787.0 ± 166.0 vs. 1066.0 ± 181.9 mmHg/s in CAA, P<0.05). The DIZE treatment attenuated all of these effects induced by CAA. Moreover, DIZE treatment increased the coronary flow in hypertrophic hearts (CAA: 11.6 ± 0.8 vs. CAA+DIZE: 15.8 ± 0.6 mL/min, P<0.05). This effect was blocked by A-779. Pressure–overloaded hearts showed a significant increase in VMI (0.17 ± 0.01 vs. 0.21 ± 0.01 g/cm in CAA, P<0.05) and CSA (8.98 ± 0.54 vs. 10.72 ± 0.27 µm in CAA, P<0.05). The chronic treatment with DIZE prevented the heart hypertrophy (10.72 ± 0.27 in CAA vs. 9.25 ± 0.23 µm in CAA+DIZE, P<0.05). Indeed, treatment with A-779 attenuated the antihypertrophic effect induced by DIZE treatment. The coarcted rats presented a increase in mRNA expression of ANP, BNP and TGF-β and the DIZE treatment reverted this effect. The pressure overload decreased the acetylcholine-induced relaxation in aortic rings from coarcted rats and treatment with DIZE was not able to improve this effect. The coarctation decreased the phosphorylation of the AKT, which was not changed by DIZE treatment. The expression of ACE 2, total and phosphorylated ERK1/2, total AKT, mTOR, SOD and catalase was not changed by coarctation or by ACE 2 activation. These results show that the chronic treatment with DIZE was efficient in preventing the left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction induced by pressure overload. These effects were independent of changes in the expression of ACE 2, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, SOD and catalase. Thus, DIZE has important therapeutic potential for cardiovascular diseases. / A ativação do eixo Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina 2 (ECA2)-Angiotensina-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]-Receptor Mas resulta em importantes efeitos protetores no sistema cardiovascular..A ECA 2 é um importante componente do Sistema ReninaAngiotensina, pois hidrolisa a Angiotensina II em Ang-(1-7). Recentes estudos tem demonstrado que o aceturato de diminazeno (DIZE) apresenta capacidade de aumentar a atividade da ECA 2. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiovasculares do DIZE nas mudanças induzidas por sobrecarga pressórica e possíveis mecanismos intracelulares envolvidos nestes efeitos. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar (200-350 g), divididos em quatro grupos: (1) Sham; (2) Coarctados (coarctação da aorta abdominal, CAA), (3) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavagem); e (4) CAA + DIZE (1 mg/kg, gavagem) + A-779 (120 µg/dia, mini-bombas osmóticas). Decorridos 21 dias da coarctação, a pressão arterial dos animais foi registrada, os corações foram isolados e perfundidos pelo método de Langendorff com pressão constante. A reatividade vascular foi avaliada por preparação de anéis de aorta isolada. Para avaliar a hipertrofia cardíaca, o peso dos ventrículos esquerdos foi normalizado pelo comprimento das tíbias e expresso como índice de massa ventricular (IMV), além da área de secção transversa dos cardiomiócitos (AST) ser também medida. Os níveis de mRNA para ANP, BNP e TGF-β também foram avaliados por qRT-PCR. A expressão de ECA 2 e das proteínas ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, GATA-4, SOD e catalase, envolvidas em vias pró-hipertróficas, foi analisada através da técnica de Western Blot. Os resultados foram apresentados como média ± erro padrão da média. Para as análises de pressão arterial média, coração isolado e parâmetros morfométricos, qRT-PCR e Western Blot, foi utilizado o teste ANOVA One Way seguido pelo pós-teste de Newman-Keuls. Para a reparação de anéis de aorta isolada, foi usado ANOVA Two Way seguido pelo teste de Bonferroni. As diferenças foram consideradas significativas com P<0,05. Os corações isolados dos ratos coarctados apresentaram diminuição significativa da pressão ventricular esquerda ao final da sístole (128,1 ± 9,0 vs. 79,1 ± 12,8 mmHg em CAA, P<0,05), pressão desenvolvida pelo ventrículo esquerdo (118,1 ± 8,9 vs. 69,0 ± 12,7 mmHgem CAA, P<0,05), +dP/dt (2295,0 ± 161,8 vs. 1406,0 ± 246,5 mmHg/s em CAA, P<0,05) e -dP/dt (1787,0 ± 166,0 vs. 1066,0 ± 181,9 mmHg/s em CAA, P<0,05). A ativação da ECA 2 atenuou a disfunção ventricular esquerda induzida pela coarctação. O tratamento com DIZE aumentou o fluxo coronariano dos corações hipertrofiados (CAA: 11,6 ± 0,8 vs. CAA+DIZE: 15,8 ± 0,6 mL/min, P<0,05). Este efeito foi loqueado pelo A-779. Os corações submetidos a sobrecarga pressórica mostraram um umento significativo do IMV (0,17 ± 0,01 vs. 0,21 ± 0,01 g/cm em CAA, P<0,05) e AST (9,37 ± 0,55 vs. 10,72 ± 0,27 µm em CAA, P<0,05). A ativação da ECA 2 preveniu a hipertrofia cardíaca (AST: 10,72 ± 0,27 vs. 9,25 ± 0,23 µm em CAA + DIZE, P<0,05). O tratamento com A-779 atenuou o efeito anti-hipertrófico produzido pelo DIZE nos corações coarctados. A coarctação também promoveu aumento da expressão de mRNA de ANP, BNP e TGF-β e o tratamento com DIZE reverteu esse efeito. A sobrecarga pressórica diminuiu o relaxamento induzido por acetilcolina em anéis de aorta isolada e o tratamento com o ativador da ECA 2 não foi capaz de alterar esse efeito. A coarctação diminuiu a fosforilação da AKT e o tratamento com DIZE não foi capaz de alterá-la. Não foram encontradas alterações na expressão das proteínas ECA 2, ERK1/2 total e fosforilada, AKT total, mTOR, GATA-4, SOD e catalase. Tais resultados mostram que o tratamento crônico com DIZE apresenta efeitos cardioprotetores contra a disfunção cardíaca induzida pela sobrecarga pressórica através da diminuição da hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, sem mudanças na expressão de ECA 2, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, GATA-4, SOD e catalase. Portanto, o DIZE possui importante potencial terapêutico frente a doenças cardiovasculares.

Tese de doutoramento. Engenharia Biomédica. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. 2009

OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) y la ingesta de energía y nutrientes en adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad de la Institución Educativa (I.E.) Scipión E. Llona, Miraflores. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de asociación cruzada, observacional, prospectivo, transversal. Se evaluaron 85 adolescentes varones y mujeres de 11 a 14 años con sobrepeso u obesidad, seleccionados de un total de 430 adolescentes, según la clasificación de Must y col, con los criterios de sobrepeso, entre 85 y 95 percentil y obesidad, mayor al 95 percentil. RESULTADOS: El 40% (n igual a 34) fueron obesos. El promedio circunferencia de cintura fue más alto en obesos (84,6 cm) que en los adolescentes con sobrepeso (76,7 cm). Así mismo los adolescentes con sobrepeso tuvieron menores valores de PAS y PAD que los obesos (p menor que0.05). El antecedente de obesidad por parte materna fue el más notable. El análisis de perfil lipídico se realizó en una submuestra de 38 adolescentes. El promedio de Colesterol total, LDL, y Triglicéridos fue mayor en obesos que en adolescentes con sobrepeso y el Colesterol HDL fue de 40 mg/dL y 43 mg/dL, respectivamente. La ingesta de energía, proteínas, grasas y carbohidratos fue mayor en los obesos (2358,3 kcal, 81,9g, 72g y 370,5g, respectivamente). Los adolescentes en ‘riesgo’ por circunferencia de cintura, CT, C-LDL y TG mostraron ingestas mayores a los de ‘no riesgo’. CONCLUSIONES: La circunferencia de cintura y los triglicéridos constituyeron factores de RCV predominantes en los obesos. Los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron una ingesta de energía, grasas, grasas saturadas, grasas poliinsaturadas y carbohidratos significativamente excesiva (p menor que 0,05) en comparación a la de los adolescentes con sobrepeso. La ingesta de energía proteínas, grasas, grasas saturadas, grasas poliinsaturadas, colesterol, carbohidratos y fibra, se relacionó significativamente (p menor que 0,05) con los factores de RCV antropométricos y bioquímicos, a excepción del C-HDL. / --- OBJETIVE: To identify the relationship between the cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and the intake of energy and nutrients in adolescents with overweight or obesity of the public school Scipión E. Llona, Miraflores. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 85 adolescents, boys and girls from 11 to 14 years old with overweight or obesity, they were selected from a total of 430 adolescents by using the reference population of Must et al. with the following diagnosis criteria: 85 to 95 percentile, overweight; higher than 95 percentile, obese. RESULTS: 40% (n same to 34) were obese. The average of waist circumference was higher in obese (84.6 cm) than in the overweight adolescents (76.7 cm). The overweight adolescents had lower values of systolic (SBP) and dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the obese (p less than 0.05). The antecedent of obesity in the mother was the most important. The analysis of lipid profile was made in a subsample of 38 adolescents. The average of total-cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the obese than in the overweight adolescents.The HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 40 mg/dl and 43 mg/dl, respectively. The intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate was higher in obese (2358 kcal, 81,9g, 72g y 370,5g, respectively). The adolescents at ‘risk’ by waist circumference, TC, LDL-C and TG showed higher intakes than the adolescents with ‘no risk’. CONCLUSIONS: The waist circumference and triglycerides were the predominant cardiovascular risk factors in obese. The adolescents with obesity showed an energy, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrates intake significatively higher (p less than 0.05) in comparison with the intake of the adolescents with overweight. The energy, proteins, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fiber intake was significatively associated (p less than 0.05) with the anthropometric and biochemical CVR factors, except for the HDL-C. / Tesis

No description available.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la relación entre los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) y la ingesta de energía y nutrientes en adolescentes con sobrepeso u obesidad de la Institución Educativa (I.E.) Scipión E. Llona, Miraflores. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de asociación cruzada, observacional, prospectivo, transversal. Se evaluaron 85 adolescentes varones y mujeres de 11 a 14 años con sobrepeso u obesidad, seleccionados de un total de 430 adolescentes, según la clasificación de Must y col, con los criterios de sobrepeso, entre 85 y 95 percentil y obesidad, mayor al 95 percentil. RESULTADOS: El 40% (n igual a 34) fueron obesos. El promedio circunferencia de cintura fue más alto en obesos (84,6 cm) que en los adolescentes con sobrepeso (76,7 cm). Así mismo los adolescentes con sobrepeso tuvieron menores valores de PAS y PAD que los obesos (p menor que0.05). El antecedente de obesidad por parte materna fue el más notable. El análisis de perfil lipídico se realizó en una submuestra de 38 adolescentes. El promedio de Colesterol total, LDL, y Triglicéridos fue mayor en obesos que en adolescentes con sobrepeso y el Colesterol HDL fue de 40 mg/dL y 43 mg/dL, respectivamente. La ingesta de energía, proteínas, grasas y carbohidratos fue mayor en los obesos (2358,3 kcal, 81,9g, 72g y 370,5g, respectivamente). Los adolescentes en ‘riesgo’ por circunferencia de cintura, CT, C-LDL y TG mostraron ingestas mayores a los de ‘no riesgo’. CONCLUSIONES: La circunferencia de cintura y los triglicéridos constituyeron factores de RCV predominantes en los obesos. Los adolescentes con obesidad presentaron una ingesta de energía, grasas, grasas saturadas, grasas poliinsaturadas y carbohidratos significativamente excesiva (p menor que 0,05) en comparación a la de los adolescentes con sobrepeso. La ingesta de energía proteínas, grasas, grasas saturadas, grasas poliinsaturadas, colesterol, carbohidratos y fibra, se relacionó significativamente (p menor que 0,05) con los factores de RCV antropométricos y bioquímicos, a excepción del C-HDL. / OBJETIVE: To identify the relationship between the cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors and the intake of energy and nutrients in adolescents with overweight or obesity of the public school Scipión E. Llona, Miraflores. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 85 adolescents, boys and girls from 11 to 14 years old with overweight or obesity, they were selected from a total of 430 adolescents by using the reference population of Must et al. with the following diagnosis criteria: 85 to 95 percentile, overweight; higher than 95 percentile, obese. RESULTS: 40% (n same to 34) were obese. The average of waist circumference was higher in obese (84.6 cm) than in the overweight adolescents (76.7 cm). The overweight adolescents had lower values of systolic (SBP) and dyastolic blood pressure (DBP) than the obese (p less than 0.05). The antecedent of obesity in the mother was the most important. The analysis of lipid profile was made in a subsample of 38 adolescents. The average of total-cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG) were higher in the obese than in the overweight adolescents.The HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 40 mg/dl and 43 mg/dl, respectively. The intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate was higher in obese (2358 kcal, 81,9g, 72g y 370,5g, respectively). The adolescents at ‘risk’ by waist circumference, TC, LDL-C and TG showed higher intakes than the adolescents with ‘no risk’. CONCLUSIONS: The waist circumference and triglycerides were the predominant cardiovascular risk factors in obese. The adolescents with obesity showed an energy, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrates intake significatively higher (p less than 0.05) in comparison with the intake of the adolescents with overweight. The energy, proteins, fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, carbohydrates and fiber intake was significatively associated (p less than 0.05) with the anthropometric and biochemical CVR factors, except for the HDL-C.

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de anormalidades del índice tobillo braquial (ITB) y su grado de asociación entre con el riesgo cardiovascular Framingham y la clasificación Wagner en los pacientes diabético tipo 2 de la Unidad de Pie diabético del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI) durante el periodo Enero-Marzo 2007. Material y métodos: Se intervinieron prospectivamente todos los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 que ingresaron a la Unidad de Pie Diabético del HNGAI durante periodo Enero-Marzo 2007 y se determinó la frecuencia de anormalidades del ITB así como la asociación entre el ITB, el riesgo cardiovascular Framingham (Riesgo FRAM) y la clasificación Wagner, calculándose sus respectivos índices de correlación (r de Pearson y rho de Spearman, según correspondan) y sus respectivos valores de p. / Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormalitys of the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and its degree of association between with the Framingham cardiovascular risk and the Wagner classification at the diabetic type 2 patients of the Diabetic Foot Unit of the Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI) during the January-March 2007 period. Method: All the referred diabetic type 2 patients to the HNGAI-Diabetic Foot Unit during January-March 2007 period were prospective intervened and the ABI abnormalitys frequency was determined as well as the association between the ABI, the Framingham cardiovascular risk (FRAM-risk) and the Wagner classification, calculating its respective correlation coefficients (r of Pearson and rho of Spearman, like its correspond) and its respective p values.

Para evaluar su uso como predictor de daño miocárdico en insuficiencia cardíaca se determinaron los niveles séricos de las enzimas Asparto aminotransferasa (AST), Creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima Creatina fosfokinasa – MB (CK-MB) y Lactato Deshidrogenasa (LDH) en perros adultos con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y aparentemente sanos. Fueron estudiados 25 animales sin distinción de sexo y raza, Los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 10 animales aparentemente sanos (G1) y 15 animales con enfermedad Cardiovascular (G2). Se muestrearon sueros de ambos grupos y se analizaron por espectrofotometría. Los valores obtenidos fueron procesados mediante la prueba estadística “el Test de la t de student para comparar dos muestras independientes”. Los resultados indican que los niveles séricos de la Isoenzima CK-MB tuvieron diferencia estadística significativa (p menor a 0.05) a favor de los animales con ECV; y el resto de enzimas (AST, CK Y LDH) no obtuvieron diferencia estadística significativa. Se concluye que la CK-MB puede servir como predictor de daño miocárdico progresivo en la insuficiencia cardíaca canina. Palabras Clave: Asparto aminotransferasa (AST), Creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima Creatina fosfokinasa – MB (CK-MB), Lactato Deshidrogenasa (LDH), Enfermedad cardiovascular, Perros adultos. / Serum levels of the enzymes Asparte amino transferase ( AST ), Creatine kinase ( CK ), the MB fraction of Creatine kinase ( CK - MB ) and Lactate Dehydrogenase ( LDH ) were measured in adult dogs with cardiovascular illness and apparently healthy; they could evaluate their use as predictor of myocardial damage in heart failure. 25 animals irrespective of sex and race were studied, them as they split in 2 groups: 10 apparently healthy animals (G1) and 15 animals with illness Cardiovascular (G2). We sampled serums in the 2 groups and they were examined for spectrophotometry. The obtained values were analyzed by means of the statistical test the Test of student's t to compare two independent samples. The results indicate than levels of CK-MB had statistical significant difference (p menor a 0.05) in favor to dogs with cardiovascular illness. The rest of enzymes (AST, CK and LDH) did not obtain statistical significant difference. We Conclude than CK- MB can serve as predictor of progressive myocardial damage in the heart failure. Key Words: Asparte amino transferase (AST), Creatine kinase (CK), the MB fraction of Creatine kinase (CK - MB) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiovascular illness, Adult dog.

Objetivo: Conocer la frecuencia de disfunción endotelial en adultos sanos mediante la evaluación doppler de la vasodilatación postoclusiva de la arteria humeral. Diseño: Entre los meses de Abril y Setiembre del 2004, evaluamos prospectivamente a 150 individuos en el servicio de cardiología no invasiva del HNGAI. Se consideró una prueba anormal, aquella donde existió un porcentaje menor al 5 % de dilatación del valor basal de la arteria humeral. Concomitantemente se estudió la biometría sanguínea, niveles de glucosa en ayunas, perfil lipídico y niveles de homocisteína plasmáticos. Resultados: Se encontró que 41 individuos (27.3%) tuvieron pruebas anormales sugestivas de disfunción endotelial. Los pacientes con endotelio disfuncionante fueron de la misma edad y del mismo sexo que aquellos sin esta característica pero tuvieron un mayor nivel de glicemia en ayunas y de homocisteína plasmática, así como un perfil de lípidos alterado. También se encontró que los pacientes con disfunción endotelial tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de antecedentes de Diabetes Mellitus 2 en familiares de primera línea. Conclusiones: Se encontró que el 27.3% de individuos jóvenes sin factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tuvieron pruebas anormales sugerentes de disfunción endotelial. Estos pacientes tuvieron alteración de sus parámetros bioquímicos así como un mayor porcentaje de antecedentes de Diabetes Mellitus 2 en familiares de primera línea. Recomendamos el seguimiento de las poblaciones en riesgo, empleando esta prueba. / Objective: To know the frequency of endotelial dysfunction in adult-healthy individuals using the doppler assesment of post-oclussive vadodilation of brachial artery. Design: Between April and September 2004, we evaluate prospectively 150 individuals in non-Invasive Cardiology Service of HNGAI. We consider an abnormal test if there was a percentage below than 5% in the vasodilation of brachial artery. We study biochemical parameters, glucose levels, levels of lipids and homocysteine levels too. Results: We found 41 individuals (27.3%) with abnormal tests suggestive of endothelial dysfunction. This patients had the same age and sex than the other group without this characteristic, but had a higher level of glycaemia and homocysteine, and a different lipid profile. We found a higher percentage of history of Diabetes in first-line relatives in this group of patients. Conclusions: We found that 27.3% of young individuals without cardiovascular risk factors had abnormal tests suggestive of endothelial dysfunction. This patients had an alteration of their biochemical parameters and a higher percentage of antecedents of type 2 Diabetes. We recomend the follow up of this populations in risk, using this test.