Zugl.: Trier, Univ., Diss., 2008

Zugl.: Duisburg, Essen, Univ., Diss., 2005/2006

Zugl.: Dissertation an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2006. / Quellen und Literatur: S. 228-224.

Zugl.: Nijmegen, Radboud Univ., Diss., 1999

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Yale University, 1926. / "Bibliographical note": p. 309-320.

Diss. Universiẗat Trier, 2008.

Trier, Univ., Diss., 2007

Bachelor-Arbeit Univ. St. Gallen, 2007.

In this paper, I invoke a sociolinguistic approach to complement the historical record in order to examine the use of the word utumwa itself as it has changed to reveal distinct class and gender connotations especially in northem Swahili communities. To explore utumwa is difficult. There is no consensus with regard to what the word and its derivatives mean that applies consistently, yet it is clear that there has been a meaning shift since the nineteenth century. This paper examines the construction and transformation of a non-Westem-molded form of service in Africa. Oral traditions and terminological variation will be brought to bear on an analysis of utumwa `slavery, service` as an important concept of social change in East Africa and, in particular, on the northern Kenya coast What this term, its derivatives, and other terms associated with it have come to mean to Swahili speakers and culture bearers will be seen to mirror aspects of the history of Swahili-speaking people fi-om the 1Oth-11th century to the present.

Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2007