The overall aim of this study is to explore how people who have experienced events in the past re-contextualize these same events in the present. We analyse the discourse of the public trial in 1985 against the members of the first three Argentine military juntas in the most recent dictatorship in Argentina (1976-1983). The study focuses on the discursive construction of civil responsibility. We examine the discourses of the witnesses that were called to testify at the trial by the defence attorneys of the accused Jorge Rafael Videla and Roberto Eduardo Viola, former de facto presidents of Argentina. The analysed testimonies concerned a specific event during the dictatorship, namely the meetings between the military junta and civil actors that were held in 1979 and 1980 with the declared purpose to create political dialogue between the military and selected parts of the civil society. Prior to the trial, these political dialogue meetings had not been considered to be particularly important in the history of the dictatorship, but the testimonies at the trial draw attention to the responsibility of civil actors in the crimes committed during the military dictatorship. In this study we investigate this theme in a novel way, focusing on the discursive tools used by civilians at the trial to explain their involvement in the dictatorship. We adopt the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). To establish relationships between social and linguistic aspects, we include the concepts of intertextuality, discursive strategies, appraisal and legitimation. The main research questions are: 1) How do people represent linguistically a historical event when they find themselves in a new historical context? 1a) What discursive representation of the latest Argentinean dictatorship are made by the participants (witnesses, judge, defence and prosecutor) in the trial against the military junta leaders in 1985?; 1b) What intertextual influences are present in the interactants’ discourses during the interrogations, and in what way do these discourses contribute to legitimise the historical past?; 1c) What language resources do the civilian witnesses use to represent the Armed Forces and the armed rebel groups)? and 2) In what way do the witnesses reconstruct their role in the political dialogue meetings, or more specifically, what linguistic resources do the witnesses use to represent themselves in relation to the responsibility of civilians in the military dictatorship? The results show that the witnesses, in general, interpreted the recent past of Argentina using discourses that on the one hand condemned the violence caused by the armed rebel groups and on the other hand justified the interference of the Armed Forces. These discourses were used in the construction of a positive identity of both the witnesses as individuals and the institutions to which they belonged. Furthermore, their discourses legitimized their own actions, when these supported the Armed Forces in their “war on subversion”. The overwhelming majority of the witnesses tried to evade the questions meant to clarify their responsibility on the events of the dictatorship. Most of the witnesses, during the interrogation tried to find discursive strategies and linguistic resources that could hide their support to the Armed Forces during the regime and they did not reveal clearly their position regarding the military illegal actions during the dictatorship. / Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general estudiar cómo sujetos que han vivido eventos en el pasado recontextualizan estos mismos eventos en el presente. Más específicamente queremos estudiar la construcción discursiva de la responsabilidad civil en la más reciente dictadura argentina, en el contexto del juicio a los excomandantes, realizado en 1985. Analizamos los discursos de los partidos políticos, los sindicatos y el sector empresarial (representado por la Cámara de Comercio Argentina). Estos actores fueron citados a declarar como testigos en el juicio a pedido de las defensas de los acusados Jorge Rafael Videla y Roberto Eduardo Viola. El tema principal en los interrogatorios fueron las reuniones de apertura del diálogo político, convocadas por el expresidente de facto Videla, a fines de 1979. Estas reuniones se proponían iniciar el proceso de redemocratización del país y revisar los hechos de la dictadura. En este trabajo, queremos contribuir a la comprensión de cómo se construyen eventos del pasado en el marco de una práctica discursiva particular; asimismo, queremos hacer un aporte en lo que se relaciona con la construcción discursiva de periodos traumáticos sobre los que no hay consenso. El enfoque adoptado se sustenta en el Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) (Fairclough 1992b, 1997; van Dijk 1993, 1999; Wodak 1997) y en la Lingüística Sistémico-Funcional (LSF) (Halliday 1994), de donde surge la Teoría de la Evaluación (Martin 2001; White 2001; Martin y White 2005). Incluimos, además, la noción de representación de actores sociales (van Leeuwen 1996). Asimismo, con el objetivo de ampliar los alcances del análisis, incluimos la noción de intertextualidad (Kristeva [1966] 1986; Bakhtin 1981 y Fairclough 1992a, 1992b) y estrategias discursivas (Reisigl y Wodak 2001). Las preguntas que guían la investigación son: 1) ¿Cómo hacen actores que han participado en un acontecimiento histórico en el pasado la representación discursiva de esos mismos eventos en otro momento histórico?; 1a) ¿Cómo construyen discursivamente los actores involucrados en el juicio a los excomandantes la representación de la más reciente dictadura argentina?; 1b) ¿Qué influencias intertextuales predominan en los discursos de los interactuantes durante los interrogatorios y de qué modo legitiman esos discursos la última dictadura en Argentina?; 1c) ¿Mediante qué recursos lingüísticos realizan los testigos civiles la representación de los actores sociales protagonistas de esa historia (a saber, las Fuerzas Armadas y los grupos armados)?; 2)¿De qué modo llevan a cabo los testigos la reconstrucción discursiva del papel que desempeñaron en las reuniones de apertura del diálogo político o, más específicamente, mediante qué recursos lingüísticos se representan a sí mismos los testigos en relación con la responsabilidad civil en la dictadura, en el contexto del juicio? Los resultados muestran que el rol institucional de los participantes en el juicio enmarcó el modo de recontextualización de los sucesos del pasado y la representación de los actores sociales involucrados en ellos. De un modo general, los testigos hicieron la interpretación del pasado reciente de la Argentina utilizando discursos que condenaban la violencia practicada por los grupos armados, por un lado, y justificaban la interferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas, por otro. El uso de estos discursos contribuyó a la construcción de una identidad positiva de los interactuantes tanto a nivel individual como institucional, dependiendo de quién narraba los eventos. La evocación de discursos paralelos al juicio legitimaba al gobierno de facto y, al mismo tiempo, las acciones de los testigos, toda vez que estas estuviesen relacionadas con el apoyo dado a las Fuerzas Armadas en lo actuado durante la “guerra antisubversiva”. Una gran mayoría de los testigos intentó evadir las preguntas que querían elucidar cuestiones en torno a la responsabilidad que pudieran haber tenido bajo la dictadura. Concluimos que la mayor parte de los testigos se posicionó de manera poco clara en cuanto a su relación o postura acerca de la actuación militar ya que durante todo el interrogatorio intentaron encontrar recursos y estrategias discursivas que encubriesen el apoyo que habían dado a las Fuerzas Armadas durante la dictadura.

M.A. Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011 / This research report documents diverse impressions and experiences, of and about the South African music industry in general and Moshito Music Conference and Exhibition in particular. Foregrounding the perspectives of black South African entrepreneurs that operate and own small businesses, the research enunciates how Moshito has come to embody an expression of the transition to democracy. Within a broader political, cultural and industrial context, the report captures anecdotes, observations and interviews with key interviewees and decision makers linked to Moshito, in addition to its dialogue with the interconnectedness of various social theories and concepts, and their relationship with industrial and government policy. Necessarily the research also engages literature concerned with cultural industries, music industry and development discourses.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-19T16:43:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCordeiroLimeiraTese2018.pdf: 2940768 bytes, checksum: ec3abb3643789e5307ed24dbc0debb90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-19T16:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCordeiroLimeiraTese2018.pdf: 2940768 bytes, checksum: ec3abb3643789e5307ed24dbc0debb90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-19T16:45:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaCordeiroLimeiraTese2018.pdf: 2940768 bytes, checksum: ec3abb3643789e5307ed24dbc0debb90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / This work is linked to the research line Policy, Management and Economics of Education, whose object of analysis consists in the Right to Education in the perspective of the constitutional principle of access and permanence of students in the school. The Right to Education, according to normative presuppositions, consists in the obligation of the State, together with the family and society, to guarantee public education, free and secular to all students. Its effectiveness and enforceability demand the performance of different social actors. Despite all the advances observed in the offer of public education in the country, it is noted that there are still a large number of students without attending school. It is also considered the large number of students enrolled who do not finish the studies at the expected age and who present learning deficits related to the stage or to the finished level. It is necessary to ensure the access of the students to school and the means of their progressive stay with learning. In this scope, it is questioned how the Right to Basic Education in the Federal District is understood by different social actors and how these act in the effectiveness and enforceability of this right? The general objective of this study is to analyze critically and understand the scope of the Right to Basic Education in the Federal District, in the perspective of the constitutional principle of access and permanence of students, based on the understanding and action of different actors in their effectiveness and enforceability. These actors are designed by school operators, public management operators and operators of the law. This is a qualitative research, exploratory in nature, whose research strategy is the multiple case study. The procedures used to collect and generate data were documental research, semi-structured individual interviews and focus group. The Critical Theory was adopted as theoretical foundation that guided the analysis of this thesis. As a procedure of treatment and analysis of the data, it was used the methodological perspective of content analysis. The study revealed that the Right to Education is understood in accordance with the constitutional provisions, and it recognized the documents on which is found and regulated, distinguishing the officials and beneficiaries of that right between the state and citizens. However, this understanding, by itself, is not enough to that the effectiveness and enforceability of this right to occur. This formulation comes from the findings observed in the understanding of the operators surveyed, in which the absence of more active postures, of selfresponsibility, related to the protagonism of the actions needed for the Right to Education becomes effective, has repercussions on the way how social actors mobilize to guarantee the realization of this right and its own rights, weakening its potential of effectiveness and enforceability. However, in the design and implementation of the public policies, it is primarily up to the government to prioritize the right to quality public education for all, so that this right can be realized and promotes the desired social changes, as well as the realization of a social justice. / Este trabalho vincula-se à linha de investigação Política, Gestão e Economia da Educação, cujo objeto de análise consiste no Direito à Educação na perspectiva do princípio constitucional de acesso e permanência dos estudantes na escola. O Direito à Educação, conforme os pressupostos normativos, consiste na obrigação do Estado, juntamente com a família e a sociedade, de garantir a educação pública, laica e gratuita a todos os estudantes. Sua efetivação e exigibilidade demandam a atuação de diferentes atores sociais. Apesar de todos os avanços observados na oferta de educação pública no País, constata-se que ainda há um grande número de estudantes sem frequentar a escola. Considere-se também a grande parcela de estudantes matriculados que não conclui os estudos na idade prevista e que apresentam déficits de aprendizagem relativos à etapa ou ao nível finalizado. É necessário, pois, garantir o acesso dos estudantes na escola e os meios de sua permanência progressiva com aprendizagem. Nesse escopo, questiona-se como o Direito à Educação Básica no Distrito Federal é compreendido por diferentes atores sociais e como estes atuam na efetivação e exigibilidade desse direito? O objetivo geral deste trabalho incide em analisar criticamente e compreender o alcance do Direito à Educação Básica no Distrito Federal, na perspectiva do princípio constitucional de acesso e permanência dos estudantes, a partir da compreensão e da atuação de diferentes atores em sua efetivação e exigibilidade. Esses atores são concebidos pelos operadores escolares, operadores de gestão pública e operadores do direito. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, cuja estratégia de pesquisa é o estudo de caso múltiplos. Como procedimentos para levantamento e geração de dados, fez uso da pesquisa documental, de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas e de grupo focal. Como fundamentação teóricometodológica que orientou as análises desta tese, empreendeu-se a Teoria Crítica e como procedimentos de tratamento e de análise dos dados, utilizou-se a perspectiva metodológica da análise de conteúdo. O trabalho realizado evidenciou que o Direito à Educação é compreendido, em conformidade com os preceitos constitucionais, sendo-lhe reconhecidos os documentos em que se encontra positivado e normatizado e distinguindo-se os responsáveis e beneficiários desse direito entre o Estado e os cidadãos. No entanto, essa compreensão, por si só, não basta para que a efetivação e exigibilidade desse direito ocorram. Essa formulação advém das constatações observadas na compreensão dos operadores pesquisados, em que a ausência de posturas mais ativas, de auto responsabilização, relativas ao protagonismo das ações necessárias para que o Direito à Educação se efetive, repercute na forma como os atores sociais se mobilizam para garantir a realização desse direito e de seus próprios direitos, enfraquecendo seu potencial de efetivação e exigibilidade. Contudo, primordialmente, cabe aos governantes, no desenho e implantação de suas políticas públicas, priorizar o Direito à Educação pública de qualidade para todos de forma que esse direito se realize e promova as transformações sociais almejadas, bem como a realização de justiça social.

As relações entre atores sociais que procuram de alguma forma influenciar os rumos das políticas de saúde no município de Santa Maria/RS, constituem o tema central da presente dissertação, que é resultante de pesquisa empírica realizada junto ao Conselho Municipal de Saúde daquela cidade. Com vistas à coleta de informações foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise de documentos, observação das reuniões do Conselho e realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais aspectos relativos à origem e funcionamento do Conselho e dos atores que nele atuam foram investigados e analisados. A partir de alguns elementos da análise de redes e de trajetórias sociais é enfatizada a configuração da rede de atores que atua no espaço institucional de participação da sociedade civil nas políticas de saúde em Santa Maria. Foi possível identificar, por um lado, que os atores principais na estrutura relacional da rede são profissionais de nível superior da área da saúde que estavam ligados a entidades sindicais e ao segmento dos usuários e de trabalhadores em saúde e, por outro lado, que sua influência no processo decisório que tem lugar no Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Santa Maria é decorrente dos mecanismos de homofilia que convertem-se em capital político e capital cultural. / The relationship between social actors who seek to somehow influence the direction of health policies in the municipality of Santa Maria / RS, is the central theme of this dissertation, which is the result of empirical research conducted by the Municipal Health Council of the city. With a view to the data collection techniques were used to examine documents, observation of meetings and conducted semi-structured interviews. The main aspects concerning the origin and functioning of the Council and the actors working in it were investigated and analyzed. Since some elements of network analysis and social trajectories is emphasized the network configuration of actors in the institutional acts of civil society participation in health policies in Santa Maria. It was possible to identify, first, that the main actors in the relational structure of the network are tertiary level health care that were linked to the unions and the segment of users and health workers and, secondly, that his influence in decision making which takes place in the Municipal Health Council of Santa Maria is a result of the mechanisms of homophily that convert into political capital and cultural capital.

As relações entre atores sociais que procuram de alguma forma influenciar os rumos das políticas de saúde no município de Santa Maria/RS, constituem o tema central da presente dissertação, que é resultante de pesquisa empírica realizada junto ao Conselho Municipal de Saúde daquela cidade. Com vistas à coleta de informações foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise de documentos, observação das reuniões do Conselho e realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais aspectos relativos à origem e funcionamento do Conselho e dos atores que nele atuam foram investigados e analisados. A partir de alguns elementos da análise de redes e de trajetórias sociais é enfatizada a configuração da rede de atores que atua no espaço institucional de participação da sociedade civil nas políticas de saúde em Santa Maria. Foi possível identificar, por um lado, que os atores principais na estrutura relacional da rede são profissionais de nível superior da área da saúde que estavam ligados a entidades sindicais e ao segmento dos usuários e de trabalhadores em saúde e, por outro lado, que sua influência no processo decisório que tem lugar no Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Santa Maria é decorrente dos mecanismos de homofilia que convertem-se em capital político e capital cultural. / The relationship between social actors who seek to somehow influence the direction of health policies in the municipality of Santa Maria / RS, is the central theme of this dissertation, which is the result of empirical research conducted by the Municipal Health Council of the city. With a view to the data collection techniques were used to examine documents, observation of meetings and conducted semi-structured interviews. The main aspects concerning the origin and functioning of the Council and the actors working in it were investigated and analyzed. Since some elements of network analysis and social trajectories is emphasized the network configuration of actors in the institutional acts of civil society participation in health policies in Santa Maria. It was possible to identify, first, that the main actors in the relational structure of the network are tertiary level health care that were linked to the unions and the segment of users and health workers and, secondly, that his influence in decision making which takes place in the Municipal Health Council of Santa Maria is a result of the mechanisms of homophily that convert into political capital and cultural capital.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:06:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoNQ_DISSERT.pdf: 3682649 bytes, checksum: 33832ac05cfe929df2ad407d3f5c4739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-30 / Research in the area of teacher training in English as a Foreign Language (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAH?O, 2010) articulates the complexity of beginning teachers classroom contexts aligned with teaching language as a social and professional practice of the teacher in training. To better understand this relationship, the present study is based on a corpus of transcribed interviews and questionnaires applied to 28 undergraduate students majoring in Letters/English emphasis, at a public university located in the interior of the Western Amazon region, soliciting their opinions about the reforms made in the curriculum of this Major. Interviews and questionnaires were used as data collection instruments to trace a profile of the students organized in Group 1, with freshmen and sophomore undergraduates who are following the 2009 curriculum, and Group 2, with junior and senior undergraduates who are following the 2006 curriculum. The objectives are to identify, to characterize and to analyze the types of pronouns, roles and social actors represented in the opinions of these students in relation to their teacher training curriculum. The theoretical support focuses on the challenge of historical and contemporary routes from English teachers initial education programs (MAGALH?ES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Our theoretical perspective is based on the Systemic Functional Grammar of Halliday (1994), Halliday and Hasan (1989), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) and Thompson (2004). We focus on the concept of the Interpersonal meaning, specifically regarding the roles articulated in the studies by Delu (1991), Thompson and Thetela (1995), and in the Portuguese language such as Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) and Cabral (2009). Moreover, we ascribe van Leeuwen s (1997; 2003) theory of Representation of Social Actors as a theoretical framework in order to identify the sociological aspect of social actors represented in the students discourse. Within this scenario, the analysis unfolds on three levels: grammatical (pronouns), semantic (roles), and discursive (social actors). For the analysis of interpersonal realizations present in the students opinions, we use the computational program WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010) and its applications Wordlist and Concord to quantify the occurrences of the pronouns I, You and They, which characterize the roles and social actors of the corpus. The results show that the students assigned the following roles to themselves: (i) apprentice to express their initial process of English language learning; (ii) freshman to reveal their choice of Major in Letters/English emphasis; (iii) future teacher to relate their expectations towards a practicing professional. To assign the roles to professors in the major, the students used the metaphor of modality (I think) to indicate the relationship of teacher training, while they are in the role of a student and as a future teacher. From these evidences the representation of the students as social actors emerges in roles such as: (i) active roles; (ii) passive roles and (iii) personalized roles. The social actors represented in the opinions of the students reflect the inclusion of these roles assigned to the actions expressed about their experiences and expectations derived from their teacher training classroom / Pesquisas na ?rea de forma??o de professores de ingl?s como l?ngua estrangeira (CELANI, 2003, 2004, 2010; PAIVA, 2000, 2003, 2005; VIEIRA-ABRAH?O, 2010) dimensionam a complexidade de contextos da sala de aula de forma??o inicial em aliar o ensino da l?ngua com a pr?tica social e profissional do futuro professor. Como forma de fornecer subs?dios para a compreens?o dessa rela??o, a presente pesquisa baseia-se em um corpus composto de entrevistas transcritas de 28 alunos de um Curso de Letras/Ingl?s (CLI) de uma universidade p?blica localizada no interior da Amaz?nia Ocidental e suas opini?es acerca da reformula??o do curr?culo do curso. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram entrevistas e question?rios para tra?ar o perfil dos alunos do CLI concentrados em Grupo 1, com os alunos do 1? e 3? per?odos do curr?culo de 2009, e o Grupo 2, com os alunos do 5? e 7? per?odos do curr?culo de 2006. Os objetivos propostos buscam identificar, caracterizar e analisar os tipos de pronomes, os pap?is e os atores sociais representados nas opini?es dos alunos em rela??o ao curr?culo de sua forma??o inicial. O aporte te?rico enfoca os desafios do percurso hist?rico e contempor?neo dos programas de forma??o inicial de professores de l?nguas (MAGALH?ES; LIBERALLI, 2009; PAVAN; SILVA, 2010; ALVAREZ, 2010; VIANA, 2011; PAVAN, 2012). Para a perspectiva te?rica e anal?tica, apoiamo-nos na Gram?tica Sist?mico-Funcional (GSF) de Halliday (1994), Halliday e Hasan (1989), Halliday e Matthiessen (2004), Eggins (1994; 2004) e Thompson (2004). Focamos no conceito da Interpessoalidade, especificamente acerca dos pap?is abordados por Delu (1991), Thompson e Thetela (1995), e trabalhos em l?ngua portuguesa como os de Ramos (1997), Silva (2006) e Cabral (2009). A Teoria da Representa??o dos Atores Sociais de van Leeuwen (1997; 2003) contempla a base te?rica para identificarmos o car?ter sociol?gico dos atores sociais representados no discurso dos alunos. Com este panorama, o percurso proposto para an?lise percorre tr?s n?veis principais: os pronomes (n?vel gramatical), os pap?is (n?vel sem?ntico) e os atores sociais (n?vel discursivo). Para a an?lise das marcas interpessoais presentes nas opini?es dos alunos, utilizamos o programa computacional WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 2010), e suas ferramentas Wordlist (Lista de Palavras) e Concord (Concordanciador) para quantificar as ocorr?ncias dos pronomes: Eu, Voc? e Eles, que permitam caracterizar os pap?is e os atores sociais no corpus. Os resultados demonstram que os alunos atribuem a si mesmos os seguintes pap?is: (i) aprendiz para expressar o processo inicial de seu aprendizado com o ingl?s; (ii) ingressante na licenciatura para expor suas escolhas em cursar Letras/Ingl?s; (iii) futuro professor para relacionar suas expectativas com a pr?tica profissional. Para atribuir os pap?is aos professores e o curso, os alunos utilizam a met?fora de modalidade, Eu acho que para marcar as rela??es da forma??o inicial como aluno e futuro professor. Destas evid?ncias emergem os atores sociais representados pelos alunos em: (i) pap?is ativos; (ii) pap?is passivos e (iii) pap?is personalizados. Esses atores sociais representados nas opini?es dos alunos refletem a inclus?o dos pap?is atribu?dos para as a??es expressas acerca das experi?ncias e expectativas oriundas da sala de aula de sua forma??o

As relações entre atores sociais que procuram de alguma forma influenciar os rumos das políticas de saúde no município de Santa Maria/RS, constituem o tema central da presente dissertação, que é resultante de pesquisa empírica realizada junto ao Conselho Municipal de Saúde daquela cidade. Com vistas à coleta de informações foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise de documentos, observação das reuniões do Conselho e realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os principais aspectos relativos à origem e funcionamento do Conselho e dos atores que nele atuam foram investigados e analisados. A partir de alguns elementos da análise de redes e de trajetórias sociais é enfatizada a configuração da rede de atores que atua no espaço institucional de participação da sociedade civil nas políticas de saúde em Santa Maria. Foi possível identificar, por um lado, que os atores principais na estrutura relacional da rede são profissionais de nível superior da área da saúde que estavam ligados a entidades sindicais e ao segmento dos usuários e de trabalhadores em saúde e, por outro lado, que sua influência no processo decisório que tem lugar no Conselho Municipal de Saúde de Santa Maria é decorrente dos mecanismos de homofilia que convertem-se em capital político e capital cultural. / The relationship between social actors who seek to somehow influence the direction of health policies in the municipality of Santa Maria / RS, is the central theme of this dissertation, which is the result of empirical research conducted by the Municipal Health Council of the city. With a view to the data collection techniques were used to examine documents, observation of meetings and conducted semi-structured interviews. The main aspects concerning the origin and functioning of the Council and the actors working in it were investigated and analyzed. Since some elements of network analysis and social trajectories is emphasized the network configuration of actors in the institutional acts of civil society participation in health policies in Santa Maria. It was possible to identify, first, that the main actors in the relational structure of the network are tertiary level health care that were linked to the unions and the segment of users and health workers and, secondly, that his influence in decision making which takes place in the Municipal Health Council of Santa Maria is a result of the mechanisms of homophily that convert into political capital and cultural capital.

La presente investigación aprovecha el conflicto social para analizar el discurso que reflejan los actores sociales en el documental “El choque de dos mundos” sobre el “Baguazo”: conflicto socio ambiental entre la comunidad indígena amazónica y Estado que dejó 33 fallecidos. Mediante el método de análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) por escenas se complementa el proceso de información al análisis de contenido tradicional para conocer cuáles son las perspectivas sociales, políticas y étnicas que revelan los mensajes centrales actores principales del conflicto, es decir el actor gubernamental y actor indígena. Este proyecto permitirá servir como herramienta metodológica para futuros estudios de productos audiovisuales del género documental, donde se retratan hechos históricos de carácter social, étnico y político. El estudio del mensaje que predomina en los personajes o actores sociales promueve un juicio crítico de cómo se representan a los grupos sociales dentro del conflicto y qué temáticas emergen en sus discursos. La investigación expone los distintos enfoques que manifiesta cada actor social en relación a su entorno, empleo de recursos naturales y territorio. En el discurso político los actores presentan mensajes que establecen autoridad o deseo de hegemonizar a la población sin reconocer su diversidad, y finalmente en el discurso étnico se construye una imagen negativa de la comunidad amazónica por parte del grupo gubernamental. Por otra parte, la presente investigación para aproximarse a la imparcialidad revela cómo se representa a sí mismo el actor social y cómo representa a los otros. / The analysis of the discourse has an interdisciplinary nature, discourse can manifest many topics at the same time. It is a method that fulfill by unveiling the meaning, the ideology behind the way of expressing or allude any idea in messages. This, in communication sciences, it shall not only be ignored, but used for getting critical judgement of how audiovisual media is represented; specially, in documentary which portrays historical events of social, ethnic and social nature. In this research, we analyze the discourse of the social actors, participants of documentary about "El Baguazo", "When Two worlds collide", The chosen documentary talks about the social-environmental conflict between amazonic natives and the state which left 33 dead. For this reason, it studies the ideological and political discourse of social actors oriented to participation inside the conflict. Likewise, it looks for analyzing the ethnic discourse of how indigenous and bureaucracy is represented. On the other hand, the principal input of the current research is to use discourse analysis method complemented with the study of audiovisual aesthetics to identify the meanings and representations that are involver in the message of any audiovisual product. Also, complement the traditional content analysis, currently used and focused in movies, documentaries. / Trabajo de investigación

The purpose of this study was to examine how two teaching materials in Swedish and Swedish as a second language, from the same publishing company, presented and referred to male and female authorship based on anaphoric expressions. The method used in this study was grounded on an article by Per Ledin which analyzes how social actors is being portrayed in two Swedish papers based on anaphoric expression. Besides this method, the study also chooses to include social actors as well as whether the authors were portraited based on background or accomplishment. By choosing these criteria, the aim was to be able to investigate how Hirdmans two logics: men as a norm and the distinction between the sexes, are implemented in the teaching material that are examined. The research questions used in this study were: How is female and male authorship referred to in the materials based on anaphoric expressions? In which way is male and female authorship being presented in the various textbooks? Is there a difference between how female and male authorship is presented and referenced to, based on if the textbook is in Swedish or Swedish as a second language? The results of this study show that there is a difference between the teaching materials even though they are published by the same company. The different textbooks show how the teaching materials maintain the man as the norm, as in previous research, but in varying degrees. The textbook in Swedish shows a clear masculine norm through the anaphoric pattern that female writing becomes more individualized. The female writers are also presented mainly by background, while male authors are presented based on achievements. When comparing Swedish course literature for second language one can see how the male norm is prevalent, notably female authorship are represented through their accomplishments and the textbook problematizes male authorship.

Den föreliggande uppsatsens syfte är att begripliggöra hur yrkesverksamma inom socialtjänst och ideella föreningar arbetar med våldsutsatta och våldsutövande ungdomar som lever med våld i sina parrelationer. Fokus har lagts vid handlingsutrymmets påverkan för hur de insatser och stöd som finns att tillgå formas och används. Uppsatsen har en kvalitativ ansats, bestående av sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma som analyserats med hjälp av en tematisk tolkning. För att tolka de inkomna resultaten har de teoretiska begreppen handlingsutrymme, stigma och normaliseringsprocess använts. Två teman identifierades utifrån resultatet: insatsernas utformning och begränsning, där kunskap hos både ungdomar och vuxna visat sig vara av betydelse, följt av bemötandets roll, där ett gott bemötande visat sig vara av stor vikt för att skapa goda förutsättningar för att hjälpa ungdomen på bästa sätt. Faktorer som normer och den hjälpsökandes skamkänslor, påverkar mottagligheten av insatser och bemötandet från den yrkesverksamma kan vara skuldavlastande samt tillitsskapande. Detta främjar samarbetet och mottagligheten för insatserna. Samverkan mellan olika samhälleliga aktörer och att visa sin verksamhet utåt, är två komponenter som kan skapa goda förutsättningar för insatsernas tillgänglighet och kunskap för ungdomar om var hjälp finns att få. / The purpose of the present thesis is to understand how professionals in social services and non-profit associations work with abused and abusive youths who live with violence in their intimate relationships. The focus has been on the impact of the scope of action on how the efforts and support that are available are shaped and used. The thesis has a qualitative approach, consisting of six semi-structured interviews with professionals that were analyzed using a thematic interpretation. To interpret the results obtained, the theoretical outset of scope of action, stigma and the normalization process have been used. Two themes were identified based on the results: the interventions design and limitation, where knowledge in both youths and adults proved to be important, followed by the role treatment have, where a good treatment proved to be of great importance to create good conditions to help youths in the best way. Factors such as norms and the help-seeker's feelings of shame, affect the receptivity of interventions and the response from the professional can be debt-relieving and confidence-building. This promotes cooperation and receptivity to the interventions. Collaboration between different societal actors and showing their activities to the outside world are two components that can create good conditions for the intervention’s accessibility and knowledge for youths about where help is available.