食安問題引爆，人們關注入口的食物。人類社會發展歷史中，人類與大自然最貼近的是農業，人類生存動機帶動食農產業創新，追求富足牽動社會演進的動能。社會型態的改變就是社會創新的歷程與成果，食、農與人類的歷史進程、社會的結構、生活習慣、文化的演進、經濟、政治力環環相扣。本研究以臨海農場為例，探討個案廚餘堆肥的創新研發成果，在現有的法規規範下無法進入有機農業市場及肥料市場。研究發現以農業為核心，廚餘堆肥的創新研發，生物的智慧有機農法（Smart Organic Farming Model）對生態農業、傳統有機農業對食農產業是一項翻轉性的變革，也是社會創新。社會創新的成果進入市場機制推廣與銷售將衝擊現有利害關係人與法規政策，建議政府在社會創新的變革，政策政治力及時予以反饋，政策創新，向生態農業永續發展方向調整。 / As the food safety issues attracted prevailing attention in recent years, organic farming is widely considered an important solution of the daunting problem. Advocating eco-friendly farming in Taiwan has encountered two major challenges, however. First, most of the organic farming methods are labor intensive which would be hard to be promoted in rural places where the population are aging rapidly. Second, without the aid of chemicals, the produce production tends to be low, and incomes, therefore, tend to be insufficient for sustaining the family. The social innovation conducted by a French Canadian, Pierre, found a perfect solution for both problems. His smart organic farming, basing on turning kitchen waste to compost, shed a light on the future of organic farming in Taiwan. By experiment and intensive interview, this research shows the potential of this innovative farming method.

This masters's thesis deals with the characterisation of the concept of corporate social responsibility, aiming its attention on its limits and opportunities within the European Union. First part of the thesis focuses on the charactistics of the theoretical concepts and approaches to corporate responsibility, entrepreneurship and businesses, while second part adresses the possibilities of international and european support and control of business activities, especially of the european institutions and other initiatives within the european context

This thesis examines dynamic capabilities and leadership in a Swedish social sustainability-oriented housing project during the unprecedented 2020-2021 COVID-19 business disruption. It employs a descriptive case study approach, investigating the organization’s ability to innovate in the face of the pandemic. Sweden’s related health regulations required adaptations through digital transformation, the adoption of social and physical distancing policies and program testing and measurement delays. Dynamic capabilities literature emphasizes the role of innovation amid disruption, offering a useful analytical framework for examining organizations’ evolutionary fitness. Organizations whose core business incorporates societal needs to promote social sustainability are unusually challenged to deliver services and social programs during a pandemic that limits or extinguishes physical and social interactions. To meet this extraordinary disruption, social sustainability-oriented organizations such as the object of the study must rapidly innovate. Adapting an existing dynamic capabilities framework to analyze the housing organization, this study finds leadership to be crucial to identify, build, and deploy organizational dynamic capabilities for innovation to address such challenges. The study contributes to the existing literature by developing a framework that provides clear connections between leaders, external micro and macro environments, customer value creation and organizational dynamic capabilities. Leaders who can adapt and help their organizations evolve are demonstrated to be an essential capability when dealing with disruptions to social innovations.

It is impossible for the world to exist without water, then why do socio-political systems treat it like an unnecessary, disposable resource?  Currently, there is a water crisis happening globally, and specifically in Brazil it encompasses tremendous socio-ecological, political, cultural and economic injustices and challenges. The water resources management and the national infrastructures are inadequate to conserve and treat this valuable commodity. As a result, water is mismanaged and misused causing contaminations, scarcity and socio-economic imbalances. This condition is an unacceptable scenery that calls for radical systemic changes and incorporation of innovative approaches in governmental leadership and socio-political organisation and structure in order to achieve better governance. It is in fact a complex situation that urges the civil society and leaders in power to collaborate and collectively act towards a common mission; save the water and impede the water catastrophe that will cause unprecedented consequences in humanity and on the planet. This paper uses qualitative method research, specifically two case studies focused on the South of Brazil to address the revitalization of urban rivers as well as the issue of ocean governance. It also conducts 10 semi-structured interviews with sustainability experts from a multi-dimensional stakeholder perspective. Thus, the most critical findings of the study are the lack of governance and the insufficient engagement of the civil society due to mistrust, conservative leadership and governmental inadequate management of water resources. Moreover, this research concludes that social and public sector innovation encourage societal inclusivity and eventually foster a ‘bottom up’ system change to achieve interactive water governance and socio-political and ecological resilience.

経営博士（DBA） / 243 p. / Hitotsubashi University

La consommation collaborative désigne un ensemble de pratiques très variées – parmi lesquelles la location, le prêt, le don, le troc ou le partage entre consommateurs –, qui remettent en question la primauté accordée à la propriété individuelle. Ce phénomène en plein essor fait l’objet de nombreuses recherches tentant de définir, de cartographier ou d’expliquer le phénomène, en identifiant ses déterminants ou en évaluant ses impacts. Peu de travaux se sont penchés sur l’arrière-plan culturel de ce mouvement. C’est l’objet de ce travail, qui étudie la consommation collaborative dans une perspective anthropologique, autour de la question, centrale, du rapport à la propriété. Cette recherche, ancrée dans la Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), adopte une approche phénoménologique centrée sur le sens des expériences vécues par les consommateurs. Elle s’appuie au plan empirique sur une ethnographie menée sur trois terrains reflétant la diversité des pratiques collaboratives – l’habitat participatif, la plaisance collaborative et les bibliothèques de vêtements. Et elle a pour première assise théorique la mobilisation d’un cadre d’analyse original – l’infrastructure cosmologique –, inspiré des travaux de Stoczkowski (2008), qui permet de révéler les traits saillants d’une vision du monde. Les résultats mettent en lumière l’émergence, au sein d’un mouvement qui reste largement consumériste, d’une contre-culture, proche de la simplicité volontaire, caractérisée par un rapport nouveau à la propriété, dans laquelle celle-ci n’est pas simplement remplacée par l’usage mais se charge d’un sens différent. Nous l’avons nommée « cosmologie de l’alter-possession ». Cette recherche permet de mieux comprendre les comportements de consommateurs qui entretiennent un rapport ambivalent aux possessions, entre détachement et recherche de liens durables, et aspirent à des formes de propriété plus ouvertes et plus collectives en réponse aux enjeux sociaux et environnementaux d’un monde aux ressources finies. / Collaborative consumption refers to a highly varied range of practices – including rentals, loans, gifts, bartering and sharing between consumers – that challenge the primacy of individual ownership. This rapidly growing phenomenon has been the subject of many research studies that have attempted to define, map or explain it by identifying its determinants or evaluating its impact. Few researchers have focused on the cultural background to this movement. That is the focus of this study, which studies collaborative consumption from an anthropological perspective, looking at the central question of our relationship with ownership. This research, rooted in Consumer Culture Theory (CCT), adopts a phenomenological approach centred on the meaning of consumer experiences. In empirical terms, it uses an ethnographic study conducted in three different fields that reflect the diversity of collaborative practices: co-housing, collaborative pleasure boating and clothes libraries. Its main theoretical foundation is the use of an original analytical framework – cosmological infrastructure, inspired by the work of Stosczkowski (2008) – which highlights the salient traits of a particular worldview. The results reveal the emergence, within a movement that remains largely consumeristic, of a counterculture that is comparable to voluntary simplicity and characterised by a new relationship with ownership, which, for proponents of this counterculture, is not only replaced by the notion of usage but is also charged with different meaning. We call this the “cosmology of alter-possession”. This research provides a better understanding of the behaviour of consumers who maintain an ambivalent relationship with possessions, somewhere between detachment and the search for lasting links, and aspire to more open and collective forms of ownership in response to the social and environmental challenges in a world with finite resources.

The thesis addresses subject of innovative projects of NGOs in the field of parental support to return to the labour market after maternity leave. The main purpose of the thesis is to deliver a report about the role of the NGO in the process of implementation of innovative projects by using case studies. The objective of the thesis is to identify outcomes and level of innovation of these projects on the basis of testimonies of active participants. The theoretical part of the thesis describes NGOs and their basic functions, definition of innovation, and definition of social innovation. Another part of the thesis discusses issues related to the return to the labour market after maternity leave, family politics in the Czech Republic, and its support in the form of the Structural Funds of the European Union. Main findings of the research is that NGOs in the Czech Republic have mainly linking function between individuals and corporations. Networking enables mutual exchange of information and experience. It is a highly important contribution of these projects. Key words Civil Society, Civil Sector, Non-profit Sector, Function of NGO's, Innovation, Social Innovation, Labour Market, Equal Employment Opportunity, Work Life balance.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of development and education of Czech social enterprise employees and examines how these services are provided. The research set was made of enterprises listed in the Social Entrepreneurship Directory, which declare their social mission. In the form of a questionnaire survey, it was investigated how the educational process in the enterprise proceeds from the planning, design to implementation and subsequent evaluation of educational activities. The research results show that social enterprises educate their employees, but in most enterprises it is a relatively unsystematic process, with reserves mainly on the theoretical and methodological side, which is mainly hampered by lack of funds and lack of time space. However, in the jungle of social entrepreneurship, there are clear exceptions that, despite all the obstacles, provide their staff with quality education services and care for their development. Keywords social economy, social enterprise, social innovation, development, education, lifelong learning, human resources development, education cycle

Municipal bottom-up urban development is growing into an increasingly common urban practice. However, bottom-up urban development differs considerably from conventional top-down planning. The discrepancy forms obstacles for the relationship between top-down and bottom-up actors. Yet, creating an enabling relationship is possible, although how it can be realized is rather underexamined. Therefore, the aim of this research is to contribute knowledge to how municipalities can enable citizen-led urban initiatives. Empirical research in Stockholm and Istanbul, based on four examples of citizen-led urban initiatives and one municipal representative, provided valuable insights. On the one hand, within the existing municipal framework, certain possibilities and constraints for municipal bottom-up urban development arise. However, aiming to creating a structural change that transforms the relationship, new urban governance arrangements need to be established at the local level. From a governance innovation perspective, implementing a neighborhood council and a municipal guide form feasibly possibilities. Especially its combination is found key to redeem most of the constraints while it has the potential to establish socially innovative urban development.

[pt] Para que possamos verdadeiramente avançar em termos de sustentabilidade se faz necessário uma mudança mais profunda de paradigma e comportamento. Sob essa reflexão, este trabalho busca contribuir para a discussão sobre novas formas de valorização e comercialização de produtos alimentícios tradicionais oriundos de pequenos produtores no Brasil. Isso porque, o modelo industrial, pautado na produção de mais do mesmo por unidade de tempo, tomou conta de quase todas as esferas produtivas da sociedade, e mesmo a agricultura passou a ser realizada sob essa ótica. No entanto, as produções artesanais não deixaram de existir, contudo, os produtores passaram a enfrentar desafios para produção, distribuição e comercialização de seus produtos. Nesse cenário, infelizmente, muitos produtores rurais têm acesso restrito ao mercado, e quando o fazem, na maioria das vezes, é de maneira informal, instável e desvalorizada. A incerteza desse processo de comercialização inviabiliza a perpetuação da atividade e, consequentemente, a permanência da família no campo. Este trabalho tem como foco o processo de comercialização da agricultura familiar brasileira, pautada na produção em baixa escala. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de compreender como o design contribui para minimizar a fragilidade de comercialização desses produtos alimentícios artesanais, melhorando o escoamento da produção de pequenos produtores rurais, valorizado seus produtos e contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da família no campo a partir de sua atividade econômica principal. Metodologicamente, o trabalho foi realizado a partir de estudo e reflexão teórica, que subsidiaram uma experimentação empírica no caso do empório De-Lá. Os resultados confirmam que é possível romper com a lógica de desvalorização de produtos artesanais brasileiros, utilizando o design para projetar condições que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de modos relacionais humanos mais dialogais e menos discursivos, de maneira a valorizar territórios produtivos (seus produtos, pessoas e tradições) através da aproximação interpessoal. Através da experimentação empírica constatou-se que redes mais fortes e justas entre produtores e consumidores podem ser desenvolvidas, quando há mais informações disponíveis e os canais de comunicação estão abertos. Além disso, averiguou-se que novos modelos de negócio, pautados na prevalência de relações pessoais às comerciais, são possíveis. Isso em escala artesanal, já que na industrial as relações já estão cristalizadas. Conclui-se com a compreensão de que o design pode ser utilizado não apenas em demandas industriais, nas quais já está consolidado, mas também para criar espaços e sistemas que contribuam para maior aproximação interpessoal e o diálogo, aumentando as chances para que o modo relacional Eu-Tu, ou seja relações mais próximas e afetivas, possa acontecer. / [en] In order to move forward in terms of sustainability is necessary a profound paradigm and attitude change. Based on this, the current study seeks to contribute on new forms of appreciation and marketing of traditional food products from brazilian small producers. The industrial model based on more productivity dominated all market, and even agriculture. Despite of this scenario the craft production has persisted and they have faced challenges on producing, distributing and selling their products. Unfortunately, many farmers have restricted access to the market, and when they do, commonly is informal, unstable and devalued way. This doubtful market prevents the maintenance of the agricultural activity and then the family to stay in the rural area. The main goal of this study is the selling process of the Brazilian family farming, based on the production on a small scale. The study was developed in order to understand how the design contributes to minimize the fragility of artisanal food products selling. This may improve the flow of small farms production contributing to rural area family sustainability and keep their products as their main economic activity. Methodologically, the study was conducted from theoretical reflection, which was supported by empirical experimentation of De-lá emporium case. The results confirm that is possible to rupture with the logic of devaluation of Brazilian craft products, using the design to contribute to the development of human relational modes more dialogue and less discursive. Consequently, it will enhance productive territories (its products, people and traditions) through interpersonal approach. It was observed that strongest and fair networks between producers and consumers can be developed when more information is available and the communication channels are opened. In addition, it was established in artisanal scale that new business models, guided by the prevalence of personal relations to business are possible since in industrial scale they are already defined. In conclusion, we can note that the design can be used not only in industrial demand where it is already consolidated, but also to create spaces and systems to contribute to greater interpersonal approach and dialogue, increasing the chances of closer and intimate relationships.