The majority of educators/practitioners practicing in South Africa today were either educated under the apartheid regime or experienced a post apartheid education that was given by people socialized under the apartheid regime. Therefore, there is a strong possibility that democratic practice in schools is compromised due to the socialization of the practitioners. ECD practitioners’ perceptions on democracy and how they implement democratic practices in their workplace are explored in order to begin to identify the elements of a learning and working environment that could promote the values of a liberal democracy. A dialogic, participatory approach using questionnaires, focussed group discussions, personal interviews and critical incidents, investigated relevant issues such as perceptions of democracy, socialization, leadership, adult education and the impact of crime and HIV/Aids within the ECD context. The findings show that democracy is recognized as a positive and welcomed development in South Africa. There is a genuine ‘spirit of ubuntu’ present and the participants relish the diversity in their midst. A common feature between all groups is the concern over crime and corruption. However, it also revealed that although the surface levels of understanding of the principles of democracy are similar between various groups, the in-depth perceptions regularly differ. Improved avenues for legitimate communication between participants at all levels is advised, not only to discuss differences but also common ground. Understanding the factors that promote democratic principles such as cultural interaction, diversity, etc. could help both the participants of this study and other ECD practitioners in creating and promoting legitimate democratic practice in the workplace.

Thesis advisor: Jacqueline V. Lerner / This dissertation considered character development in adolescence from a relational developmental systems (RDS) perspective through the estimation of trajectories of five character attributes and the associations of these trajectories with the contextual factors of intentional self-regulation (ISR) and prosocial socialization from role models whom adolescents reported knowing personally. Character attributes considered were honesty, humility, diligence, future mindedness, and purpose. Data were taken from the Connecting Adolescents' Beliefs and Behaviors longitudinal study of character development in adolescents from the Northeastern United States. Results demonstrated that multiple trajectories can be estimated for each character attribute, supporting the RDS principles of plasticity and individual differences. Associations were also found among all character attributes considered at every time point. Contextual factors had more nuanced relationships with character attribute trajectories than was expected, with high levels of ISR associated with high start points for all character attributes and for overall character attribute patterns, but not necessarily with sustained high levels of character attributes. Prosocial socialization did not demonstrate a stable association with high levels or increasing levels of any character attribute examined. This pattern of findings suggests that additional contextual aspects should be considered as important aspects of character development. Limitations and future directions are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’étude de la structuration et du développement de la PME en Turquie. L’objectif est de mettre en exergue une définition de la dynamique de la PME à travers les membres de TUSKON (confédération d’entrepreneurs et d’hommes d’affaires), en relation avec leurs motivations de réussite économique dans le cadre d’une recherche spirituelle approfondie par leurs engagements dans les projets socio-éducatifs du mouvement Hizmet (mouvement socioreligieux). TUSKON propose une vision spécifique du rapport islam /modernité par rapport à celle de MÜSİAD, une association d’hommes d’affaires islamique. Notre étude s’appuie sur des entretiens et une enquête sociologique réalisés auprès des membres de l’association BUGİAD à Bursa, nous permettant de retracer l’évolution sociohistorique de TUSKON et ainsi voir comment la dynamique de la PME se trouve influencée par la piété et l’engagement de son patron dans un mouvement socio-religieux. / This research focuses on the study of the structure and development of SMEs in TURKEY, through the influence of a socio-religious mouvement called Hizmet. The aim is to highlight a definition of the dynamics of SMEs accross member of TUSKON (Turkish confederation of businessmen and industrialists), in relation to their motivations for economic success in the context of a spiritual depth research by their commitments in Hizmet movement's socio-educational projects.TUSKON offers a specific vision of islam /modernity report compared to that of MÜSIAD, anassociation of islamic businessmen. Our study is based on interviews and a sociological survey conducted among members of the BUGIAD association (member of TUSKON) in BURSA, allowing us to trace the evolution of socio-historical of TUSKON and sees how the dynamics of SMEs is influenced by the piety and the commitment of his boss in a socio-religious movement.

Cette thèse prend pour objet les effets du passage par les Instituts d’études politiques de province sur les trajectoires de leurs étudiants. En articulant méthodes historique, statistique et ethnographique, elle analyse le travail de cette école sur les dispositions et stratégies de mobilité de ceux qui y candidatent, y étudient et en sortent diplômés. Elle montre qu’au terme d’un déplacement historique dans l’espace de l’enseignement supérieur, les IEP attirent de très bons élèves, proches d’une« troisième culture » scolaire d’État, dont l’origine sociale se situe surtout dans les classes supérieures, notamment dans leur fraction intellectuelle. La recherche montre par ailleurs comment l’action éducative des IEP s’appuie sur des ressources et dispositions constituées en amont ou en parallèle de la scolarité à l’IEP pour distribuer les étudiants dans des positions hiérarchisées au sein de l’école, puis dans les espaces professionnels constitutifs des classes supérieures. / This research focuses on a network of second rank elite colleges – the “Instituts d’études politiques” (IEP) – that have grown throughout the second half of the 20th century in cities throughout France. They now appeal principally to a large population of upper-class students who are disproportionately from the intellectual fraction, and are mostly feminine. This appeal is due to the school’s curriculum that is highly selective and offers an alternative to sciences and humanities, which have traditionally comprised the educational choices of the French upper-classes. In articulating socio-historical, statistical and ethnographic approaches, this dissertation explores how the IEP’s curriculum differentiates candidates and students according to their dispositions and, over time, contributes to the stratification of the upper classes.

Cette recherche privilégie une approche interactionniste inscrite dans le champ de la psychologie sociale et du développement. Nous analysons le développement identitaire, les caractéristiques des relations d’amitié avec le meilleur ami et l’expérience de l’internat.L’étude est renseignée par 721 adolescents internes (261 garçons - 460 filles) scolarisés en Seconde et en Terminale dans des lycées publics (80,1%) et privés (19,9%) de la région Midi-Pyrénées.Six outils ont été utilisés pour recueillir les données : une échelle de l’identité DIDS (Dimension of Identity Development Scale - Luyckx et al., 2008), un questionnaire relatif au soutien psychologique (Mallet & Vrignaud, 2000), un questionnaire relatif à l’intimité (Sternberg, 1986) et un questionnaire sur l’expérience de l’internat conçu pour notre étude.Les résultats soulignent que l’amitié avec le copain, l’ami et le meilleur ami est basée sur la compréhension mutuelle et réciproque. Les résultats montrent l’importance de la place prise par le sujet dans les raisons qui président au choix de l’internat. Le choix personnel (choix de l’internat, choix de filières scolaires) s’oppose aux choix parentaux ou institutionnels. La construction identitaire se caractérise par une proportion plus élevée d’adolescents en diffusion identitaire qu’en réalisation identitaire et en moratoire. Nous n’avons pas montré de liens entre l’expérience de l’internat et la construction identitaire mais cette expérience est associée aux processus d’exploration de surface et aux identifications aux engagements. Les différentes formes de soutien et l’intimité sont associées au statut de la réalisation identitaire. / Our study aims to apprehend, in the context of boarding schools, the links between friendships and identity development. This research favours an interactionist approach grounded in the field of social and developmental psychology. We explore the identity development, the characteristics of friendships with the best friend and the experience of boarding school. The research has been conducted on 721 teenagers in boarding school (261 boys – 460 girls) in 10th and 12th grade enrolled in public (80.1%) and private (19.9%) schools in the Midi-Pyrenees’ region. Six tools have been used to collect data: an identity scale DIDS (Dimension of Identity Development Scale - Luyckx et al., 2008), a questionnaire relating to psychological support (Mallet & Vrignaud, 2000), a questionnaire on intimacy (Sternberg, 1986) and a questionnaire on the experience of boarding school designed for this study.The results underline that friendship with a good friend, a friend and the best friend is based on mutual and reciprocal understanding. The results show the importance of the subject’s place in the reasons guiding the choice of boarding school. The personal choice (choice of school, of academic courses) conflicts with the parental or institutional choice. The identity development is characterised by a higher proportion of teenagers in identity diffusion than in identity achievement and in moratorium. We have not demonstrated a link between the experience of boarding school and the identity development but this experience is associated with the process of exploration in breadth and the identification of commitments. The different forms of support and intimacy are linked to the status of identity development. This study, because of its exploratory nature and in view of the scarcity of other researches on its topic, encourages comparatives and longitudinal researches.

Empathy has been shown to have many positive outcomes in individuals at every stage throughout life. It promotes sociability, helping behaviors, and can protect against the development of psychopathology. Evolutionary theorists have hypothesized that humans have a biological predisposition for empathic response. Temperament, as well as parental interaction with children, account for individual differences in empathic response levels. Much research has also looked at maternal depression as a key factor in children's negative emotional responding. We used EEG to measure individual differences in children's empathic emotional responding, as well as parental interaction and its impact on empathy and prosocial development. Results show that children rated as being more sociable are more likely to show outward expressions of empathy. Also, those with greater right frontal asymmetry are more likely to assist others in a prosocial manner. / by Amanda N. Almeida. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

A pesquisa aqui apresentada teve por objetivo estudar os processos de socialização a que são submetidos jovens que aderem a organizações que buscam preservar ou subverter a ordem. Por meio de entrevistas, observações de campo, análise de documentos e pesquisa bibliográfica, procurei desvendar: 1) os processos de socialização conduzidos por essas organizações; 2) como se desenham as teias familiares, afetivas, profissionais e escolares, nas quais os jovens integrantes estavam ou estão enredados e de que forma elas os compeliram a aderir a movimentos que buscam preservar ou subverter a ordem; 3) como agem essas organizações para reforçar ou atenuar em seus integrantes determinadas formas de sentir, pensar, agir e se relacionar com os outros e com o mundo. Foram escolhidas, para a condução do estudo, a Academia da Força Aérea (AFA), instituição que forma oficiais para a Aeronáutica, uma das três Forças Armadas (FFAA), protetoras da ordem por excelência, e a Juventude Pátria Livre (JPL), grupo marxista-leninista subordinado ao Partido Pátria Livre (PPL), antigo Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro (MR8), siglas que defendem, a longo prazo, a subversão da ordem para a implantação de uma sociedade igualitária e socialista (ou seja, a construção de uma nova ordem). Os dados coletados sugerem pontos de convergência na socialização de militares da AFA/Aeronáutica e de militantes da JPL/PPL, como também identificam falsas similaridades e diferenças significativas. Os pontos de convergência são os seguintes: 1) forte identidade de grupo e preocupação com a sociedade (senso de coletividade acima do senso de individualidade); 2) apego a valores patrióticos e nacionalistas; 3) ética da missão dada - missão cumprida; 4) diferente percepção do ser voluntário, em comparação com o que estamos habituados no senso comum; 5) ética corporal e de vestuário explícita e institucionalizada, no caso dos militares, e implícita e não institucionalizada, mas também perceptível, no caso dos militantes; 6) recrutamento endógeno; 7) vigorosa preocupação com a doutrina. As falsas similaridades e divergências significativas também podem ser agrupadas em sete pontos: 1) diferentes relações com a cidade; 2) escolarização dos entrevistados e dos antepassados; 3) religião; 4) adesão a outras organizações; 5) vida itinerante; 6) apoio familiar; 7) sacrifícios. / The research presented here had the objective of studying the socialization processes that young people are subjected to adhere to organizations that seek to preserve or overturn the order. Through interviews, field observations, analysis of documents and literature, I tried to unravel: 1) socialization processes conducted by these organizations; 2) how to design the family, emotional, professional and educational webs, in which young members were or are caught and how they compelled them to join movements that seek to preserve or overturn the order; 3) how act these organizations to enhance or mitigate its members in certain ways to feel, think, act and relate with others and with the world. I chose to study Academia da Força Aérea (AFA), an institution that forms officials for Aeronautics, one of the three Armed Forces, protective order par excellence, and Juventude Pátria Livre (JPL), marxist-leninist group subordinate to the Partido Pátria Livre (PPL), former Movimento Revolucionário 8 de Outubro (MR8), groups that stand, in the long term, the subversion of the order for the deployment of an egalitarian socialist society (ie, building of a new order). Results suggest points of convergence in the socialization of military AFA/Aeronautics and militants JPL/PPL, but also identify false similarities and differences. Convergent points are: 1) strong group identity and concern for society (sense of collectivity above the sense of individuality); 2) attachment to patriotic and nationalist values; 3) ethics given mission - mission accomplished; 4) different perception of \"volunteering\", compared to what we used in the common sense; 5) body and explicit and institutionalized ethical clothing, in the case of the military, and implicit and not institutionalized, but also noticeable, in the case of the militants; 6) endogenous recruitment; 7) strong concern with doctrine. False similarities and significant differences can also be grouped into seven points: 1) different relationships with the city; 2) education of the respondents and ancestors; 3) religion; 4) adherence to other organizations; 5) itinerant life; 6) family support; 7) sacrifices.

Thesis advisor: Irwin Blumer / This case study examined the demands that a first year principal in a school in Corrective Action faces and explored what are the key factors for creating a successful entry from the teachers' perspectives. The study further identified what a first year principal's immediate priorities should be when entering the job and examined potential pitfalls. This qualitative case study was conducted by the principal, who was a participant-observer. Data collection included the use of the on-line SurveyMonkey.com service, the researcher's reflective journal entries and field notes, as well as a review of pertinent documents. Findings were many, and illuminated many insights for beginning principals, including the importance of taking the time to learn about the existing culture before attempting to change it, as well as cultivating relationships and carefully laying the groundwork for change. Implications for practice included more specific recommendations, such as spending the summer months reading teacher files, comparing and compiling data on student performance, and being knowledgeable of all the school's initiatives for improving achievement before school officially begins. Limitation of this study included the researcher's role as principal and participant-observer, a small sample size, and the relatively short time frame within which the study was conducted. Recommendations for future study included studying the perspectives of other key constituents, such as students, parents, and other community members, broadening the scope of the study to include other middle schools in Corrective Action, and conducting a longitudinal study that would document the professional socialization of a first year principal during the three-year period following her appointment. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Administration and Higher Education.

Este trabalho busca construir uma interpretação a respeito da forma pela qual os jovens das classes populares constroem sua experiência escolar em um contexto cotidiano marcado por grande disseminação de aparelhos tecnológicos. O material que dá base às reflexões foi coletado por meio de uma pesquisa etnográfica que envolveu trabalho de campo prolongado em uma escola da periferia da cidade de São Paulo, além de depoimentos de alunos de uma das turmas acompanhadas, obtidos em situação de grupo focal. Para fundamentar a pesquisa e delinear a tensão que caracteriza o processo de escolarização contemporâneo, buscou-se o suporte teórico de Bourdieu, Dubet, Tiramonti e Bauman. Tendo em vista compreender a invenção da cultura escolar contemporânea, foram levadas em conta as práticas juvenis fundadas na utilização do aparelho celular, em virtude da centralidade que esse equipamento adquiriu nas situações presenciadas em campo. No que tange à lei que proíbe o uso dos aparelhos celulares, considerou-se relevante efetuar um questionamento sobre os pressupostos de incorporação desses aparelhos tecnológicos na escola, a fim de garantir maior autonomia aos professores para as possibilidades de utilização desses aparelhos e evitar o equívoco das usuais prescrições para a postura docente. As análises permitiram constatar que no cotidiano das salas de aula e de outros espaços escolares o celular aparece com múltiplos significados, ainda que muitos docentes e a própria instituição adotem como filtro principal a categoria da indisciplina. Observou-se que os jovens das classes populares se socializam, principalmente, de forma paralela à escola, pois, mesmo adotando certas condutas ritualísticas, como a cópia, eles criam e promovem práticas de distração e diversão com os celulares. Com isso, participam ativamente da reprodução sociocultural deixando de construir uma relação produtiva com os diversos saberes escolares. O envio constante de SMS, assim como as práticas de empréstimo que promovem a circulação de celulares entre os alunos, denota a centralidade que as práticas comunicacionais adquirem entre aqueles jovens indicando que tais dinâmicas constituem um reforço de suas redes de sociabilidade, compostas tanto por laços fracos como fortes, presenciais e virtuais. Constatou-se também que as práticas juvenis aparecem sob uma forma contraditória, não só obedecendo aos mandatos de caráter geral - distração, segregação (Schilling) - mas negando os imperativos de governo de nossa sociedade. São ações simbólicas relacionadas ao contexto social mais amplo, integradas à teia de relações que conformam a cultura brasileira marcada pela ausência de uma clara separação entre as esferas pública e privada. Isso tem favorecido uma condescendência cada vez maior com a generalização de práticas sonoras em público por meio do uso de aparelhos diversos, incluindo os celulares. Tais práticas tem chegado à escola levando os alunos a manifestar, também naquele espaço público, comportamentos que seriam específicos da vida privada. Enredados nessa rede intensa de relações, os comportamentos e aparições dos jovens nos espaços públicos e virtuais se mostram como parte integrante de sua sociabilidade, por meio da qual eles narram uma identidade efêmera, essencialmente construída na contemporaneidade em sua relação com os aparelhos tecnológicos. / This work seeks to build an interpretation about the way in which working-class youngsters construct their school experience within a daily context marked by the wide dissemination of technological devices. The material that gives basis to the reflections was collected through an ethnographic research that involved a lengthy fieldwork in a school located on the outskirts of the city of São Paulo, apart from students testimonies from one of the classes followed, which were obtained in the situation of a focal group. To ground the research and to help outline the tension that characterizes the contemporary schooling process, theoretical support was drawn from the works of Bourdieu, Dubet, Tiramonti, and Bauman. In view of the central role that this device played in the situations observed in the field, the youngsters practices based on the use of the cellphone were taken as a focus when seeking to understand the invention of contemporary school culture. With respect to the law that prohibits the use of cellphones, it was considered relevant to question the assumptions of the incorporation of these technological devices in the school, in order to guarantee greater autonomy to teachers as to the possibilities of utilization of these devices, and to avoid the mistake of prescribing teachers attitudes. The analyses revealed that in the classroom daily life, and in other schools spaces, the cellphone appears with multiple meanings, although many teachers and the institution itself adopt as the main filter the category of indiscipline. It could be seen that working class youngsters socialize mainly in parallel to the school since, although adopting certain ritualistic conducts, such as copying, they create and promote practices of distraction and amusement with the cellphones. With that, they participate actively in the sociocultural reproduction, failing to build a productive relationship with the school knowledges. The constant exchange of text messages, as well as the borrowing practices that promote the circulation of cellphones, denotes the centrality that communicational practices acquire among students, indicating that such dynamics constitute a reinforcement of their social networking, which is comprised both of weak and strong links, virtual as well as presencebased. I was also observed that the youngsters practices appear under a contradictory form, following not just the dictates of a general nature distraction, segregation (Schilling) but also denying the governing imperatives of our society. These are symbolic actions related to the wider social context, integrated into the web of relations that give shape to a Brazilian culture marked by the absence of a clear separation between the public and private spheres. This has stimulated an increasing lenience towards the dissemination of listening practices in public through the use of various devices, including cellphones. Such practices have reached the school, leading students to display also in that public space behavior that would be specific to private life. Entangled in this thick network of relationships, the behavior and displays of youngsters in public and virtual spaces appear as an integral part of their sociability, through which they speak of an ephemeral identity, constructed essentially these days in its relation with technological devices.

O presente trabalho teve como intuito levantar informações a respeito da formação, educação, socialização e transmissão de valores envolvendo as gerações adultas e de jovens no interior de Partido Político. / The purpose of this study was to gather information about the formation, education, socialization and transmission of values involving the adult and youth generations within the Political Party.