In this dissertation, I examine a former sixties era hippie commune from the things and memories its residents have left behind. I focus on the intersections of memories, materialities, identities and systems of signification in order to suggest the following: that we might consider through archaeological, anthropological, and oral historical analyses the value of a genealogy of the sixties alongside histories of the era; that plastic presents a challenging archaeological issue (one of method and curation) while simultaneously reifying a social sense of its artificiality as an artifact of New Buffalo and a present-fact of speech (i.e. referring metaphorically to things as ‘plastic’, meaning false or artificial); that considerations of a ‘hippie’ work ethic might be productively brought to bear upon contemporary concerns about work and labor, but also might unpack our understandings of work and labor in American history; that playing primitive is a performance of citation and appropriation, a process of the inauthentic mimesis creating an authentic new (problematic) identity; and that artifacts and other objects shape (even re-appropriate) memories as much as they are re-made by them, and that recent historical artifacts can open up interesting collaborative analytical spaces when brought into actual conversation with site inhabitants, residents, and visitors. I aim to synthesize a number of threads, a number of different thought clusters throughout this dissertation in an effort to unpack anew questions of authenticity, of performing primitive as a kind of ‘Indian play’, or cultural appropriation, while also articulating a kind of identity creation that is aesthetic, political and counter to hegemonic and dominant traditions and forms. This work combines original field research at the site of New Buffalo commune in Arroyo Hondo, NM (in Taos County) and among the New Buffalos.

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Thesis (M. Ed.) -- University of Limpopo, 1981 / Refer to the document

Between 1880 and 1900, the Oregon Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) significantly impacted the lives of Oregon women. Not simply an organization of middle class white women, the Oregon WCTU enlisted Native American and African American women, and persistently advocated for improved conditions for working women. The WCTU aspired to be more than a simple temperance union, taking on a broad social agenda which had as its goal the social emancipation of women. It successfully secured positive changes for women in the areas of sexuality, labor, personal safety, education, and prison life in addition to successfully advocating several temperance issues on the state and national level. The union also served to solidify the bond between women, mobilizing them into a social class. Despite their commitment to improving the lives of women, not all WCTU members were supportive of the suffrage movement. Open conflict between the WCTU and the state suffrage association, led by Abigail Scott Duniway, highlights the complexity of women's politics in Oregon at the end of the nineteenth century. Divisions between women on the issues of suffrage and temperance reveal early disagreements as to the best route to increased freedom for women. Such division led to a delay in achieving equal suffrage in the state of Oregon. Despite their disenfranchisement, women's work in the public arena shaped the development of communities and the state of Oregon. Through petition circulation, public speaking, industrial schools, labor union organization, and political lobbying, Oregon women influenced the decisions made by voting men. The activities of Oregon women at the end of the nineteenth century suggest that women wielded political power long before they gained the right to vote. / Graduation date: 1999

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published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Although traditional depictions of gender in ancient Japanese mythology continue to help define gender in Japanese culture, such recent litigation as the Equal Employment Opportunity Act and the Childcare Leave Act signal change in these roles. This study explores the relationship between the Japanese hierarchical social structure and the parameters of the gender territories of women and men in a university club. Employing a single case (embedded) design, this study utilized the networks of former members (students who began their studies from 1953 to 1989) of Oendan (the "Cheering Club") at a private university in central Japan. Oendan's two sections, Leader-bu for men and Cheerleader-bu for women, have utterly different atmospheres. Leader-bu stresses daily rigorous and physically punishing practices in a highly disciplined atmosphere, whereas Cheerleader-bu more closely resembles its North American counterpart. To fully examine the differences between the two sections, I divided the case into three stages: (a) an historical analysis, (b) a survey, and (c) personal interviews. The results reflect an attitude that a perceived difference in physical strength and a strong sense of "tradition" inhibit true equality between the genders. Although most men may acquiesce in gender equality in an abstract sense, they also understand that, in reality, this is impossible because of the physical differences between the sexes. Leader-bu members continue to reinforce the importance of tradition year after year because they believe that they are benefiting, both personally and socially, from traditional beliefs and customs. Although victims of this belief system, they feel compelled to reproduce it. In reproducing it, however, they also must suffer from the lack of freedom that accompanies it.

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of membership in women's rural associations on farm productivity. A survey of 320 women was carried out in the Prefecture of Gitarama in Rwanda, in order to obtain primary data and test the hypothesis. / The survey results indicate that women's associations contribute to an increased yield compared to NON-MEMBERS. / In the case of credit and technical assistance, women in general received low support. Being a member of an association provides additional income to the member, but this is not the main reason to join the association. Social reasons, such as not having to work alone and being able to exchange views with other women, prevail over the economic reasons. Mutual aid is considered an important factor when considering joining the association. / The survey results revealed that MEMBERS in general are more literate, are slightly older, have larger families and spend a higher percentage of their income on investments than NON-MEMBERS. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

A dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology, in the Department of Chiropractic at the Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Introduction: National Olympic Committees (NOCs) select medical personnel to support their athletes at the Olympic Games. To best support athletes the knowledge, perception and utilisation of all medical professions is assumed to be high, however literature seems to indicate that this is not so. Objective: To determine the knowledge, perception and utilisation of Chiropractic by NOCs in order to develop a better relationship so that more athletes can benefit from Chiropractic care. Methods: A questionnaire was emailed to the 205 NOCs worldwide. Respective executive committee and medical commission members were asked to complete the questionnaires. Results: 76 NOCs responded (37%), returning 27 questionnaires. 30% of the respondents were high ranking members. 93% were highly educated with a bachelor’s degree or higher and 33% had represented their country as an athlete. Both committees agreed on the importance of a post-graduate sports qualification and perceived the profession to be one of spinal care specialists. Overall knowledge of Chiropractic was poor. A trend was observed among the medical commissions in their choice of Medical Doctors or Physiotherapists over Chiropractors and other professionals. The executive committees in contrast seemed more open-minded in their choice of professionals. No association was found between the knowledge and perception of Chiropractic and use of Chiropractic Conclusion: There is confusion regarding the role and scope of practice of Chiropractic by NOCs. In order to achieve a greater level of acceptance and utilisation of Chiropractic in international sports medical teams the profession needs to clarify their role, better educate NOC members on the benefits of Chiropractic, and obtain sports specific post-graduate programmes that are recognised internationally.

The purpose of this study was to: (a) investigate through exploration and inquiry, (b) trace by way of chronology, and (c) report in detail by means of descriptive commentary the history of the New York State Band Directors Association (NYSBDA) from its organization in 1980, up to and including the 30th anniversary of the Annual Symposium in March of 2011. After meticulous analysis of reports, documents and proceedings of the New York State Band Directors Association and organizing the information contained in these sources, the author has articulated in writing the major activities and labors of the organization. The author initiated the study by securing official permission from the 2010-2011 Executive Board of the New York State Band Directors Association. The author then followed the procedure of collecting data by contacting relevant personalities of the Association and requested that: (a) Association documents, (b) meeting minutes, (c) programs, (d) records, and (e) correspondence be transferred for evaluation. By means of thorough review and categorizing of materials a timeline of relevant events that described the formation and advancement of the Association was created. The New York State Band Directors Association was formed to satisfy a specific need for professional growth and support for instrumental music professionals working at all academic levels, public, private and community in New York State. The origin of the Association was in direct relation to the success of a weekend symposium in 1977 designed expressly for band directors. The NYSBDA grew from a small ‘steering committee’ under the leadership of Richard Snook. The group stated its primary purpose to be the improvement and promotion of instrumental music in New York State. Throughout its history, NYSBDA has provided assistance to instrumental music educators and band directors through its many initiatives. NYSBDA provides and exhibits: (a) professional growth opportunities by means of its annual symposium and regional workshops, (b) performance opportunities for instrumental ensembles, (c) potential for student participation in NYSBDA statewide honor bands, (d) instrumental teacher and professional recognition by means of awards, (e) the promotion of new literature by sponsoring and commissioning new band compositions, and (f) cooperation with other state associations. The Executive board and Membership of NYSBDA have demonstrated a commitment to the advancement and improvement of instrumental music and its professionals. This is in agreement and fulfillment with its stated Constitutional objectives. / School of Music