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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

The effect of ethylene on sucrose-uptake by senescing petunia flowers.

21 April 2008 (has links)
The influence of sucrose as an important factor in the vase-life of cut flowers has been dually noted. Sucrose is actively transported across the cell membrane via a symport system and the membrane-imbedded ATPase enzyme generates the required energy and proton gradient for the process. The activity of this enzyme decreases during the senescence of Petunia petals, concomitant with a decrease in sucrose-uptake in the post-climacteric phase. However, ATP does not appear to be limiting, indicating that a change in proton gradients may be responsible for this phenomenon. In order to study the uptake of sucrose in Petunia corollas various inhibitors of ATPase enzyme activity (DES and sodium orthovanadate) were introduced. The effect of potassium ferricyanide on the disruption of the membranal electro-chemical gradient was also determined. In addition it was found that the plasma membrane redox system seems to be influential in creating the H+-gradient necessary for sucrose-uptake. These effects were also studied in relation to prior treatment of flowers with the hormone, ethylene, for 24 hours. The results obtained have shown the i) importance of a stable inter- and intracellular pH environment; ii) the imbedded ATPase enzyme’s dependence on the membrane stability; iii) the maintenance of the electro-chemical gradient across membranes; the active energy generated by the ATPase enzyme; and lastly, iv) the effect of ethylene directly on membrane integrity and indirectly on sucrose-uptake. / Prof. C.S. Whitehead
42

EFICIÊNCIA DE PORTA-ENXERTOS PARA A CULTURA DO TOMATEIRO, VISANDO O CONTROLE DA MURCHA BACTERIANA E DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO

Vieira, João Lucas Moraes 31 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-08-23T18:02:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final PDF.pdf: 14440240 bytes, checksum: 2af4bf3f84a50787393d47d1dd9daac4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T18:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final PDF.pdf: 14440240 bytes, checksum: 2af4bf3f84a50787393d47d1dd9daac4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-31 / The bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the major diseases that affect Tomato cultivation in tropical climates, limiting production. The present work had as objective to evaluate the potential of solanaceous species as rootstock in commercial tomato, on agronomic characteristics, fruit quality and control of bacterial wilt. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a randomized complete block design, with four blocks, and six treatments, being the rootstocks: Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum); two cultivars of Jiló (Solanum aethiopicum), long pale green and large hill; Jurubebão (Solanum lycocarpum) and Jurubeba Juna (Solanum stramonifolium), grafted with the cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, susceptible to the disease. The glue index, plant height and number of leaves at 15 days after grafting, stem diameter, graft stem diameter and graft point diameter at 30, 60 , 90 and 120 days after transplanting. The fruits were collected regularly for the evaluation of the total number of fruits, number of marketable fruits, number of scrap fruits, average mass of marketable fruits and scrap, vertical diameter and horizontal diameter, yield of marketable fruits, . Fruit quality was measured by the analysis of total soluble solids, pulp pH, titratable acidity and soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity. The incidence of the disease was evaluated weekly after the first wilting plant was investigated. Morphological and histological observations of the healing callus of the evaluated treatments were performed. All evaluated rootstocks presented glue index ≥ 93.33%, indicating that there was no initial incompatibility between the combinations evaluated. The number of commercial fruits differed significantly in the rootstocks, which were long, light green and covered, being the treatment with lower total number of fruits and number of commercial fruits among the evaluated treatments. Cubiu presented the lowest values of commercial fruit production and productivity in relation to treatments, except for the jurubeba juna in which it did not differ. There was no incidence of bacterial wilt in the long-green jiló and jurubeba juna rootstocks, which conferred disease resistance on the grafted plants. The histological sections showed incompatibility characteristics of the tomato evaluated with the cubiu, jurubebão and jurubeba juna rootstocks. The rootstocks, long jiló light green and jurubeba juna presented high index of adhesion, resistance to bacterial wilt, and productivity statistically equal to the control in the conditions of the present work, so that they have great potential for use as rootstocks in the crop of the tomato. Key-words: Solanaceae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Solanum lycopersicum, Resistance. / A murcha-bacteriana, causada por Ralstonia solanacearum, é uma das principais doenças que acometem o cultivo do Tomateiro em climas tropicais, limitando a produção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a potencialidade de espécies de solanáceas como porta-enxerto em tomate comercial, sobre características agronômicas, qualidade dos frutos e no controle da murcha bacteriana. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro blocos, e seis tratamentos sendo eles os porta-enxertos: Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum); duas cultivares de Jiló (Solanum aethiopicum), a comprido verde claro e a morro grande; Jurubebão (Solanum lycocarpum) e Jurubeba Juna (Solanum stramonifolium), enxertados com o tomateiro cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, susceptível à doença. Foram avaliados o índice de pegamento, a altura da planta e o número de folhas aos 15 dias após a enxertia, e o diâmetro do caule do porta-enxerto, o diâmetro do caule do enxerto e o diâmetro do ponto de enxertia aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o transplantio. Os frutos foram colhidos regularmente para a avaliação do número total de frutos, número de frutos comerciáveis, número de frutos refugo, massa média dos frutos comerciáveis e refugo, diâmetro vertical e diâmetro horizontal, produção de frutos comerciáveis, produção de frutos refugo, e produtividade. A qualidade dos frutos foi mensurada pela análise de sólidos solúveis totais, pH da polpa, acidez titulável e relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. A incidência da doença foi avaliada semanalmente após a averiguação da primeira planta murcha. Observações morfológicas e histológicas do calo cicatricial dos tratamentos avaliados foram realizadas. Todos os porta-enxertos avaliados apresentaram índice de pegamento ≥ 93,33%, indicando não haver incompatibilidade inicial entre as combinações avaliadas. O número de frutos comerciais diferiu significativamente nos porta-enxertos jiló comprido verde claro e cubiu, sendo este o tratamento com menor número total de frutos e número de frutos comerciais dentre os tratamentos avaliados. O cubiu apresentou os menores valores de produção de frutos comerciais e produtividade em relação aos tratamentos, com exceção da jurubeba juna em que não diferiu. Não houve incidência da murcha-bacteriana nos porta-enxertos jiló comprido verde claro e jurubeba juna, que conferiram resistência a doença nas plantas neles enxertadas. Os cortes histológicos evidenciaram características de incompatibilidade do tomateiro avaliado com os portaenxertos cubiu, jurubebão e jurubeba juna. Os porta-enxertos jiló comprido verde claro e jurubeba juna apresentaram alto índice de pegamento, resistência à murcha-bacteriana, e produtividade estatisticamente igual à testemunha nas condições do presente trabalho, de forma que possuem grande potencial para o uso como porta-enxertos na cultura do tomate. Palavras-chave: Solanaceae, Ralstonia solanacearum, Solanum lycopersicum, Resistência.
43

Identification of new functional resistance genes against P. infestans in Solanaceae species

Van Weymers, Pauline S. M. January 2016 (has links)
Pests and pathogens represent a serious and continuing threat to potato and tomato production worldwide. In this thesis, I have developed a new NB-LRRs probe library accounting for the recent improved annotations of both potato and tomato (Jupe et al., 2013 and Andolfo et al., 2014). The probe library was successfully used to map a late blight resistance in the diploid potato population B3C1HP. Using bulked-segregant resistance gene enrichment and sequencing (RenSeq) analysis in this population, which segregated 1:1 for the phenotype, the resistance was mapped to the lower end of chromosome 9. Furthermore, I developed a novel diagnostic tool, dRenSeq, to screen existing germplasm collection for the presence or absence of known, already characterised disease resistance genes, to prioritise novel resistances for research and breeding. dRenSeq was applied successfully on a set of S. okadae accessions as a proof of concept. The tomato late blight resistance gene Rpi-Ph3 was another focal point in this work, and the use of RenSeq was envisaged to identify Rpi-Ph3. However, another team published the gene (Zhang et al., 2014) and efforts were redirected towards the development of PCR markers to aid marker-assisted selection in breeding programs and to identify the cognate avirulence gene, Avr-Ph3. In addition, the new probe library was assessed in silico to evaluate if it would have enabled the identification of Rpi-Ph3 and homologous sequences. The identification of Avr-Ph3 was established through a large effector screen in an association panel of tomato accessions, co-infiltrations with Rpi-Ph3 in the model Solanaceae plant Nicotiana benthamiana and pathogen assays. The effector screen required the prior establishment of a robust transient expression system in tomato.
44

Pollinator behaviour and the evolutionary genetics of petal surface texture in the Solanaceae

Alcorn, Katrina Leanjka January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
45

Relationship between organogenesis differentiation and histolocalization of selected alkaloids in duboisia myoporoides R. Br. /

Khanam, Nurussaba. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, Faculty of Informatics, Science and Technology, 1999. / [Bibliography]: p. 327-356.
46

Thermomechanical pulping (TMP), chemithermomechanical pulping (CTMP) and biothermomechanical pulping (BTMP) of bugweed (Solanum mauritianum) and Pinus Patula /

Vena, P. F. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
47

Vegetation and reproduction with special reference to the tomato ... /

Kraus, E. J. Kraybill, H. R. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1917. / "This bulletin is the result of the cooperative efforts of Messrs. Kraus and Kraybill and has been submitted by them in fulfillment of the thesis requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Chicago." Includes the t.p. of the original issue. "Private edition, distributed by the University of Chicago Libraries, Chicago, Illinois." "Reprinted from Station bulletin 149, Oregon Agricultural College January, 1918." Bibliography: p. 87-90.
48

Prospesçao química e farmacológica das folhas de Nicandra physalodes Garent (L) / Chemical and pharmacological prospection of the leaves of Nicanda physalodes gaertn (solanaceae)

Carrero, Diego Alejandro Silva January 2016 (has links)
CARRERO, Diego Alejandro Silva. Prospesçao química e farmacológica das folhas de Nicandra physalodes Garent (L). 2016. 155 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2016. / Submitted by Anderson Silva Pereira (anderson.pereiraaa@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T19:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dascarrero.pdf: 4384524 bytes, checksum: b9a46b19cd27eb3f35ae430367211ef3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2017-03-23T18:20:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dascarrero.pdf: 4384524 bytes, checksum: b9a46b19cd27eb3f35ae430367211ef3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_dascarrero.pdf: 4384524 bytes, checksum: b9a46b19cd27eb3f35ae430367211ef3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / This work describes the isolation and characterization of nine compounds isolated from dichloromethane and ethyl acetate from leaves of Nicandra physalodes. The study was initiated with extract preparations, followed by successive classics chromatographic fractionations as: chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH- 20 gel and C18 cartridge solid phase extraction (SPE), as well as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The isolated compounds were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques 1H and 13C NMR, one and two-dimensional, and spectrometric techniques as IR and HR-ESI-MS. In total were isolated nine withanolides which are derivates from ergostane skeleton, being four belonging withanolides to group II, named as Np1, Np2, Np7 and Np9 (withanolides with the basic skeleton modified) and five belonging to group I, named as Np3, Np4, Np5, Np6 and Np8 (withanolides with the basic skeleton unmodified). According with a literature survey compounds nic-10 (Np1), nicandrenone (Np2), nic-7 (Np3), nic-2 (Np4) and nicaphysaline B (Np5) were previously reported to this species, but compounds 15 oxo-nicaphysaline B (Np6), 6-7dihidroxy-nicandrenone-10, (Np7), 24 -25dihidroxy-nicandrenone-2 (Np8), and 17-(1-metylpropan-2-one)- nicandrenone-10 (Np9) are being reported for the first time in the literature. Biological assays (antimicrobial, antifungal and larvicidal) were performed for the main compounds; however, the results were either negative or weakly active. / Neste trabalho é descrito o isolamento e caracterização de nove compostos isolados dos extratos diclorometano e acetato de etila, obtidos das folhas de Nicandra physalodes. O estudo foi iniciado com a preparação dos extratos, seguido de sucessivos fracionamentos cromatográficos clássicos como: cromatografia em coluna aberta utilizando sílica gel, gel de dextrana Sephadex LH-20, cartucho C-18 (SPE), além de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Os compostos isolados foram caracterizados através de técnicas espectroscópicas como RMN de 1H e 13C, uni e bidimensional, além de técnicas espectrométricas como IV e EMAR-ESI. No total foram isolados nove vitanolidos que são derivados do esqueleto ergostano, sendo quatro pertencentes ao grupo II, denominados Np1, Np2, Np7 e Np9 (vitanolidos com esqueleto base modificado) e cinco pertencentes ao grupo I, denominados Np3, Np4, Np5, Np6 e Np8 (vitanolidos com esqueleto base não modificado). De acordo com pesquisas realizadas na literatura e mediante comparação com dados de RMN de 1H e 13C, os compostos nic-10 (Np1), nicandrenona (Np2), nic-7 (Np3), nic-2 (Np4) e nicafisalina B (Np5), já haviam sido relatados na espécie, enquanto os compostos denominados como 15-oxo-nicafisalina B (Np6), 6-7dihidróxi-nicandrenona-10, (Np7), 24-25dihidróxi-nicandrenona-2, (Np8) e 17-(1-metilpropan-2-ona)-nicandrenona-10 (Np9), estão sendo relatados pela primeira vez. Foram realizados ensaios antimicrobiano, antifúngico e larvicida com os compostos isolados em maiores quantidades, porém os resultados forma negativos, ou fracamente ativos.
49

Estudo das atividades citotóxica e antitumoral de vitafisilinas isoladas de Acnistus arborescens / Study of cytotoxic and antitumour activities of withaphysalins isolated from Acnistus arborescens

Rocha, Danilo Damasceno January 2008 (has links)
ROCHA, Danilo Damasceno. Estudo das atividades citóxica e antitumoral de vitafisalinas isoladas de Acnistus arborescens. 2008. 123 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2008. / Submitted by denise santos (denise.santos@ufc.br) on 2012-03-21T13:30:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_ddrocha.pdf: 2475867 bytes, checksum: 2d242c7faf0be539e6e6c0d452db07c5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliene Nascimento(elienegvn@hotmail.com) on 2012-03-21T16:27:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_ddrocha.pdf: 2475867 bytes, checksum: 2d242c7faf0be539e6e6c0d452db07c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-21T16:27:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_dis_ddrocha.pdf: 2475867 bytes, checksum: 2d242c7faf0be539e6e6c0d452db07c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Withaphysalins are C28-steroidal lactones structurally based on the ergostane skeleton commonly found in Solanaceae species. In order to evaluate the anticancer properties of these compounds, five withaphysalins [O, F, M, N and (17S,20R,22R)-5β,6β: 18,20-diepoxy-4β,18-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-24-enolide] isolated from Acnistus arborescens, a plant from the northeastern Brazilian flora, were analyzed in several biological models. All five withaphysalins showed cytotoxic effects against tumor cell lines, being withaphysalin O the most potent and withaphysalin (17S,20R,22R)-5β,6β: 18,20-diepoxy-4β,18-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-24-enolide, the less potent. Based on these results, its shown that a double-bond between carbons 2 and 3 is essential for the cytotoxic activity of withaphysalins. Withaphysalins (O, F and N) did not show any specificity to tumor cell lines, showing similar cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against leukemic cells (HL-60) and normal cells (PBMC). Cell viability and growth curves of HL-60 and K-562 treated cells were determined using trypan blue exclusion assay, where all withaphysalins reduced the number of viable cells in a dose-and time-dependent fashion, with IC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 3.5 μM after 72 h of incubation. In HL-60 and K-562 cells, the withaphysalins inhibited DNA synthesis, induced morphological alterations, typical of apoptosis, and only in the HL-60 cell line, and they induced activation of caspase-3. Moreover, it was performed the analyzes of cell membrane integrity, cell cycle distribution, DNA fragmentation and the mitochondrial membrane potential using flow citometry. In these experiments, withaphysalins O and F, only at concentration of 10µM, reduced the number of viable cells to 60 and 40% respectively. In the cell cycle analysis, both withaphysalins led to a cell cycle arrest at G2/M, at the concentration of 5μM. Cells treated with both withaphysalins also showed a significant increase in DNA fragmentation when compared to the negative control. Results of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential showed depolarization changes in accordance to the tested concentration (2.5, 5 and 10μg/mL) with 4.7, 17.5 and 9.1% for withaphysalin O and 7.6, 16.6 and 5.6% for withaphysalin F, respectively. The in vivo antitumor effects of withaphysalin F was performed in animals bearing the sarcoma 180 tumor, and at the highest dose tested (20mg/Kg/day), growth tumor was inhibited in 77%. Histopatological analysis of mice organs showed that withaphysalin F causes moderate toxic effects mostly in liver and kidney, but they may be considered reversible effects. Taking in account all these data, it can be concluded that withaphysalins could be considered as an emerging class of new anticancer compounds. / As vitafisalinas são lactonas esteroidais (C28), estruturalmente baseadas no esqueleto do ergostano, comumente encontradas em plantas da família Solanaceae. A fim de avaliar as propriedades anticâncer desses compostos, cinco vitafisalinas [O, F, M, N e (17S, 20R, 22R) -5 β, 6β :18,20-2-diepóxi β-4, 18 - diidróxi-1 - oxovita-3-24-enolido] isoladas da Acnistus arborescens, planta típica do nordeste brasileiro, foram analisadas utilizando diversos modelos biológicos. Todas as cinco vitafisalinas mostraram efeitos citotóxicos em linhagens de células tumorais, sendo a vitafisalina O a mais potente e a vitafisalina (17S, 20R, 22R) -5 β, 6β :18,20-2-diepóxi β-4, 18 - diidróxi-1-oxovita-3 - 24-enolido) a menos potente. Ao compararmos as estruturas químicas das vitafisalinas e suas atividades, foi observado que a ligação dupla entre os carbonos 2 e 3 é essencial para os efeitos citotóxicos desses compostos. No entanto, as vitafisalinas (O, F e N) não mostraram qualquer especificidade para linhagens tumorais, já que também apresentaram efeitos citotóxicos e genotóxicos, semelhantes, em células leucêmicas (HL-60) e em células normais (PBMC). A viabilidade celular e curvas de crescimento foram determinadas, para as linhagens de HL-60 e K-562, utilizando o ensaio de exclusão de azul de tripan. As vitafisalinas O, F, M e N reduziram o número de células viáveis de modo dose e tempo dependente, apresentando valores de CI50 variando de 0,7 a 3,5 μM após 72 horas de incubação. Nas mesmas linhagens leucêmicas, as vitafisalinas também inibiram a síntese de DNA, causaram alterações morfológicas típicas de apoptose, e apenas na linhagem HL-60 induziram a ativação da caspase-3. Além disso, foi realizado, em células de HL-60, a análise da integridade da membrana celular, distribuição do ciclo celular, fragmentação de DNA e o potencial transmembrânico de mitocôndria, utilizando citometria de fluxo. Nestes experimentos, as vitafisalinas O e F, somente na concentração de 10 μM, reduziram o número de células viáveis para 60 e 40%, respectivamente. Na análise do ciclo celular, ambas vitafisalinas, na concentração de 5 μM, causaram um acúmulo de células na fase G2/M do ciclo celular. Ambas vitafisalinas também causaram um aumento significativo do número de células apresentando fragmentação de DNA. Os resultados da análise do potencial transmembrânico de mitocôndria mostraram um aumento na despolarização de 4,7, 17,5 e 9,1% causado pela vitafisalina O e de 7,6, 16,6 e 5,6% pela vitafisalina F. O efeito antitumoral (in vivo) da vitafisalina F foi analisado em camundongos transplantados com o tumor Sarcoma 180, nas doses de 5, 10 e 20 mg/Kg/dia por via intraperitoneal e na dose de 20 mg/Kg/dia por via oral. O crescimento do tumor foi inibido em mais de 76% na maior doses testada (20mg/Kg/dia), tanto por via intraperitoneal quanto por via oral. A análise histopatológica dos órgãos dos animais mostraram que a vitafisalina F provoca efeitos tóxicos moderados, principalmente no fígado e nos rins, mas esses podem ser considerados como reversíveis. Tendo em vista todos estes dados, pode concluir-se que as vitafisalinas podem ser consideradas como uma classe emergente de novos compostos anticâncer.
50

Estudos fitoquímico, farmacológico e morfoanatômico de folhas de Solanum megalochiton Mart. Solanaceae

Krause, Mariana Saragioto January 2017 (has links)
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Obdulio Gomes Miguel / Coorientadora : Profª. Drª. Marilis D. Miguel / Coorientadora : Profª. Drª. Deise Prehs Montrucchio / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Defesa: Curitiba, 08/08/2017 / Inclui referências : f. 126-167 / Resumo: A espécie Solanum megalochiton Mart., é uma planta nativa do Brasil, pertencente a família Solanaceae, e é conhecida popularmente como Joá Velame. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o estudo morfoanatômico, fitoquímico e farmacológico das folhas dessa espécie. Com relação à morfoanatomia observou-se que a folha é simples, alternada, com cutícula granulosa, tricomas tectores em ambas as faces da epiderme e o mesofilo é do tipo dorsiventral. Na pesquisa fitoquímica foram encontrados alcaloides, glicosídeos flavônicos e esteroides/triterpenos no extrato etanólico e saponinas, taninos, aminogrupos e ácidos fixos no extrato aquoso. Com relação à atividade antioxidante a fração acetato de etila foi a que obteve o melhor resultado tanto no método do TBARS como no fosfomolibdênio, isso acontece pois é nesta fração que se concentram os compostos fenólicos, conhecido por sua alta atividade antioxidante, o que foi demonstrado no teste de Folin-Ciocalteu em que esta fração obteve os maiores valores. Nos testes de toxicidade preliminar, o extrato bruto e todas as frações se mostraram tóxicos ao microcrustáceo Artemia salina. No teste com as larvas do mosquito Aedes aegypti apenas a fração hidroalcooólica não apresentou atividade larvicida. No teste da hemólise, apenas o extrato bruto e a fração acetato de etila não apresentaram resultados positivos nas concentrações testadas, as demais apresentaram hemólise em pelo menos uma das concentrações. Com relação ao teste de alelopatia as frações clorofórmio e acetato de etila reduziram a germinação das sementes de alface enquanto que o extrato bruto estimulou. Nas sementes de cebola as frações acetato de etila e hidroalcoólica estimularam o seu crescimento. A respiração das radículas de alface foi aumentada pelo extrato bruto e fração hexano e inibida pela fração clorofórmio. A respiração das radículas de cebola foi estimulada pelo extrato bruto e frações hexano e clorofórmio. Nas análises farmacológicas realizadas com camundongos da linhagem swiss, foi constatado um aumento da reação à dor, no teste da nocicepção induzida pela formalina. No teste de edema de pata induzido pela carragenina, foi observado uma diminuição significativa do edema após duas horas da administração da carragenina, porém alguns grupos tiveram um edema superior ao do grupo controle. Isso pode acontecer devido à presença de substâncias inflamatórias ou irritantes na planta. Nos ensaios de toxicidade foram observadas alterações de peso dos rins e baço, além de uma anemia causada pela administração dos extratos. Apesar disso não foram encontradas alterações nos parâmetros bioquímicos e histopatológicos que indiquem que os extratos sejam tóxicos aos animais. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os animais tratados e o grupo controle no ensaio de gastroproteção. Nos ensaios com animais diabéticos houve um aumento no ganho de peso, tanto nos animais tratados com o extrato etanólico quanto nos que receberam extrato aquoso. Os animais mantiveram uma taxa glicêmica menor que o grupo controle e demonstraram uma redução da imobilidade no teste da natação forçada, o que demonstra uma ação antidepressiva do extrato. Foi verificado um aumento do número de cruzamentos no teste do campo aberto e um aumento no tempo gasto nos braços abertos no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado o que é indicativo de atividade ansiolítica do extrato. Os resultados obtidos contribuem para o conhecimento dessa espécie. Palavras-chave: Aedes aegypti. Alelopatia. Diabetes. Solanum. Solanaceae. / Abstract: The Solanum megalochiton Mart., is a native plant from Brazil, belonging to the Solanaceae family, is popularly known as Joá Velame. This work objective of was to perform the morphological, phytochemical and pharmacological study of the leaves of this species. With regard to morphoanatomy, it was observed that the leaf is simple, alternating, with granular cuticle, tectorial trichomes on both faces of the epidermis and dorsiventral type mesophyll. In the phytochemical research were found alkaloids, flavonic glycosides and steroids / triterpenes in the ethanolic extract and saponins, tannins, aminogroups and fixed acids in the aqueous extract. In relation to the antioxidant activity, the ethyl acetate fraction was the one that obtained the best result in the TBARS and in the phosphomolybdenum method. It happens because in this fraction there is phenolic compounds, which was demonstrated in the Folin-Ciocalteu test. In the preliminary toxicity tests, crude extract and all fractions were toxic to Artemia salina. In the test with the Aedes aegypti larvae only the hydroalcoholic fraction did not present larvicidal activity. In the hemolysis test, only the crude extract and the ethyl acetate fraction did not present positive results at the concentrations tested, the others presented haemolysis in at least at one of the concentrations. Regarding the allelopathy test, the chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions reduced the germination of the lettuce seeds while the crude extract stimulated. In onion seeds the ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic fractions stimulated its growth. The respiration of lettuce rootlets was increased by the crude extract and hexane fraction and inhibited by the chloroform fraction. The respiration of the onion radicles was stimulated by the crude extract and hexane and chloroform fractions. In the pharmacological analyzes carried out with mice of the swiss strain, an increase in the reaction to pain was observed in the test of nociception induced by formalin. In the carrageenan-induced paw edema test, a significant decrease in edema was observed after two hours of carrageenan administration, but some groups had an edema greater than that of the control group. This can happen due to the presence of inflammatory or irritating substances in the plant. In the toxicity tests, changes in kidney and spleen weight were observed, as well as anemia caused by administration of the extracts. However, no changes were found in the biochemical and histopathological parameters that indicate that the extracts are toxic to the animals. No significant difference was observed between the treated animals and the control group in the gastroprotection assay. In the trials with diabetic animals there was an increase in weight gain, both in the animals treated with the ethanolic extract and aqueous extract. The animals maintained a lower glycemic rate than the control group and demonstrated a reduction of immobility in the forced swimming test, which demonstrates an antidepressant action of the extract. There was an increase in the number of crosses in the open field test and an increase in the time spent on the open arms in the high cross maze test which is indicative of the anxiolytic activity of the extract. The results obtained contribute to the knowledge of this species. Key-words: Aedes aegypti. Allelopathy. Diabetes. Solanum. Solanaceae.

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