M.Ed. / The study examines the nature of English competence in both learners and teachers in black schools. It was conducted as a result of the investigator in this study being directly involved in teaching English as a second language in a black high school and being a beneficiary of English language teaching projects. As is shown in the study, these projects do not effectively serve their stated purpose, that is, to improve teacher and learner competency in English. The study was conducted by exploring existing literature on the topic and investigations already undertaken. An empirical component is included comprising an observation of an English lesson in progress. The conclusion reached in the study is that an unfortunate cycle still persists where learners taught by teachers who are incompetent in English go through the existing inadequate and inefficient milieu in education to become incompetent English language teachers themselves. The recommendations in this study are that there needs to be a re-evaluation of present English language teaching methods particularly in the light of the fact that the government is in the process of implementing a new educational system called Outcomes Based Education. Furthermore, this study draws attention to the inadequacies prevalent in teacher training and subsequent teacher practice in the classroom.

This research is concerned with the development of entrepreneurship at higher education institutions (HEI). Entrepreneurship is very important in every country as there is a direct correlation between entrepreneurship development and economic growth (Hegarty, 2006). Entrepreneurship education is essential as it assists students who want to start up their own businesses by giving them the relevant skills and knowledge to have a successful business. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the Postgraduate Diploma in Enterprise Management (PDEM) within the Management Department at Rhodes University, Grahamstown. A qualitative approach was implemented which used an adapted version of the Context, Input, Process and Product Model (Stuffelbean, Mckee and Mckee, 2003). Data was collected in the form of interviews and focus group interviews. There were six lecturer interviews, one course coordinator interview and five past student interviews. There were two focus group interviews that took place; this was done so to gather data from seven current PDEM students. The data collected was then analysed through the use of qualitative data analysis techniques. These were sensing themes, constant comparison, recursiveness, inductive and deductive thinking and interpretation to generate meaning (Ruona 2005, cited in Swanson and Holton, 2005). The Management Department aims to equip students to think realistically in terms of starting their own business and to enhance the students’ knowledge and skills so that they are better able to find employment in the corporate and government sectors. The PDEM aims to be an action-learning course and to create an entrepreneurial environment which will encourage students to start up their own businesses. The role of the lecturers and the course coordinator is important as they need to ensure that there is a continuous transfer of knowledge to the students. Students are not expected to be specialists within each subject; however they need to have a basic grounding in order to run a business. Students felt that the Alpha Project was important and useful as it improved their confidence about starting a new business. An issue that was raised about the Alpha Project was that the separation of students into the Alpha Project groups was not executed well. The course was perceived to be disorganised however the students tended to enjoy it and felt that the Management Department was supportive of their businesses.

This dissertation focuses on the marine pollution awareness training needs of newly recruited SAN employees. It uses Training Needs Analysis (TNA) as a tool to gain a better understanding of what knowledge, skills and attitude (KSA) recruits should have about the marine environment and if their level of competency meets the requirement to effectively and efficiently contribute to the sustainable use of the maritime environment in which they will be deployed. Ultimately, their individual and collective abilities will be a determining factor in the strategic intent of the SAN to be unchallenged at sea. The absence therefore of a Marine Pollution Awareness Training Programme (MPTAP) within the Basic Military Training (BMT) curriculum of new recruits at SAS SALDANHA Naval Gymnasium necessitated a TNA. Based on prior research on training conducted by subject matter experts both internal and external to the SAN it was decided to conduct a TNA on the KSA‟s required in terms of marine pollution awareness amongst newly recruited members. The literature provided discusses education, training, development of employees and focuses then on the role and importance of TNA‟s. Information was gathered from various subject matter experts, archival records, policy documents, internet-based resources and newly recruited naval learners consisting of a sample of 25 new recruits. Theory was used to determine the KSA expected from naval employees in terms of marine pollution awareness. Data obtained from each of the research resources was coded and grouped in order to establish themes. This allowed the researcher to determine what KSA‟s recruits should have about the marine environment and if their level of competency meets the requirement to effectively and efficiently contribute to the sustainable use of the maritime environment in which they will be deployed. The researcher therefore found that first priority in terms of KSA‟s should be given to a basic legal understanding of the regulatory framework that is applicable on marine pollution. This understanding will form the foundation for recruits to have the ability to know “what to do when” during observed transgressions. The legal understanding in combination with the Sector Education Training Authority (SETA) unit standards will help new recruits to be skilful when applying safe working practices thereby ensuring their own and others' safety. Ultimately, a basic but well entrenched knowledge about marine pollution together with applied skills on how to use the knowledge should influence the attitude of new recruits in a positive manner. The researcher concluded that there is a need on the macro, meso and micro level for a MPATP amongst new recruits at SAS SALDANHA. It is recommended that since this research appears to establish the first empirical confirmation of the training need amongst new recruits, it will require further research in terms of curriculum design, curriculum implementation and the evaluation thereof. It would therefore be in the best interest of the SAN to ensure the integration of a MPATP into the planning phase of future BMT Curriculum‟s. It would also be advisable to communicate this intent with all the relevant stakeholders in order to ensure alignment with governmental organisations as well as the private sector where these new recruits can be employed based on their newly acquired competencies.

M.Ed. (Multicultural Education) / Adolescents are constantly expected to prepare themselves successfully to fit into a rapidly changing society. To be able to cope with rapidly changing circumstances and fit into a multicultural society, adolescents need to have certain knowledge, skills and attitudes. Adolescence is a time of life which is marked by rapid physical, social, emotional and intellectual changes. As adolescents are easily influenced during this period, it is of the utmost importance that they be taught content which will make it possible for them to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes by means of which to fulfil their social, cultural and economical functions within a multicultural societv. A life skills programme in which the multicultural nature of the school and society has been taken into account in selecting its content can be used to teach the adolescent such knowledge, skills and attitudes. The content of such a life skills programme has to meet the criteria applicable to a multicultural curriculum. These life skills can then be taught to adolescents in schools by means of a multicultural life skills programme. This study therefore attempts to identify criteria according to which the evaluation of content for a life skills programme which will be taught in schools in the South African multicultural society, can be undertaken. These criteria have been adapted to form a checklist which can be used by persons who have to evaluate the content of a life skills programme for a multicultural school and society. These criteria should only be seen as a guideline and should be used by persons with a sound knowledge of multicultural education.

M.A. (Applied Linguistics) / Despite a worldwide drive to eradicate illiteracy, the numbers of illiterates are still soaring. Southern Africa is no exception to this. Even though statistics regarding illiteracy may be misleading, there are an estimated 400 000 illiterate mother tongue speakers of Afrikaans in South Africa. This study tries to establish the reasons for this situation within a historical-political framework. It further provides a sociocognitive basis for mother tongue literacy teaching, relying on the discipline of sociolinguistics. Literacy skills form part of the language user's communicative competence; this study, therefore, endeavours to situate literacy teaching within the communicative approach to language teaching with its emphasis on the needs of the language learner, the functionality of the acquired skills and the active participation of the language learner in the teaching activities. From this perspective a selection of literacy material in Afrikaans, representative of both the mainstream "establishment" type and the more "radical" school, is discussed to arrive at a theoretical and practical rationale for the teaching of literacy to Afrikaans mother tongue speakers, stripped of political undertones which so often direct literacy programmes. The main critique on Afrikaans literacy material is that it is either too behaviouristically structured or that no planned progressive structuring has been built into the courses. Both types of material can lead to dissatisfaction amongst literacy students if the respective course does not fulfil their need for literacy. This situation is often the result of an incomplete needs analysis and the creation of literacy material without a clear image of the target group. The unstructured manner in which literacy material is created and distributed is due to the lack of a national literacy strategy, as well as the nature of adult literacy teaching where specific needs of specific groups of illiterates dictate the type of material. A way of counteracting these problems would be to establish a national organisation to coordinate, amongst others, the development and distribution of literacy material. In this material the needs of the learner will be in a central position with the interaction between the learner and the teacher taking place in meaningful contexts. A thorough knowledge of andragogy and applied linguistics can therefore help to develop literacy material that will benefit Afrikaans illiterates, be they mother tongue speakers of the language or second language users who need to be literate in Afrikaans.

Although quality management is used in occupational therapy in South Africa, no comprehensive description or standardisation of it exists. Literature in the context of this topic is scarce. As a consequence of this problem, the purpose of this study was to describe the extent of occupational therapists’ involvement in quality management. A quantitative study in the form of a survey was carried out. A convenience sample of 80 occupational therapists was surveyed, using a structured questionnaire. Results of the study indicate that most occupational therapists have some knowledge of quality frameworks. Standardisation on documentation and its auditing appears to be one of a number of problems. Another challenge is that occupational therapists may work in relative professional isolation making it problematic to implement quality management. Recommendations were made for occupational therapy practice and further research, as well as recommendations for a quality management framework for occupational therapy in South Africa. / Health Studies / M. A. (Public Health)

The current South African legislative framework does not properly address the unequal bargaining position between employers and fixed term employees. Ineffective regulation of fixed term employment in South Africa has had the effect of excluding certain groups of fixed term employees from claiming the remedies provided in terms of the Labour Relations Act and other labour legislation. Furthermore, where remedies are applicable to them they are often ineffectual. Interpretational variation evident from case law pertaining to the enforcement of the rights of fixed term employees, indicate clear lacunae in the unfair dismissal protection afforded to these vulnerable employees. This is mainly a consequence of uncertainties related to the interpretation of the legislative provisions. The infusion of the values entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the development of the common law to reflect these values might augment the scope and availability of rights enjoyed by fixed term employees. But, changing socio-economic and political circumstances necessitates review and amendment of the legislation applicable to fixed term employees to meet the country’s constitutional and international obligations. Proposed amendments to the Labour Relations Act have been tabled. These amendments may be capable of addressing some of the current problems. However, they may also lead to other undesirable consequences. An investigation into problems related to the application of similar provisions as those proposed by the Labour Relations Amendment Bill in other jurisdictions crystallises some possible causes for concern. Some of the proposed changes could create new vulnerabilities, or renew old ones. / Private Law / LLD

Text in Afrikaans / Die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe word binne die Universiteit van Suid-Afrika (Unisa) gebruik as mondstuk vir die Bestuur, maar ook terselfdertyd om inligting van en/of oor Departemente, Afde lings en Institute aan ander Departement, Afde lings en Institute oor te dra. Veral inligting betreffende personeelaangeleenthede, departemente le aange l eenthede, gel eenthede aangebi ed deur 'n Departement, verandering in diensvoorwaardes, die beleid van Unisa, die eksterne publieke van Unisa en die verbetering van die algemene welstand van die personeel word versprei. Die vraag het ontstaan in welke mate hierdie kommunikasiekanaal effektief funksioneer. Daar wil ook vasgestel word hoe belangrik die Rektoraatsomsendskrywes as kommunikasiekanaal beskou word in die totale kommunikasiesisteem van Unisa. 1.3 PROBLEEMFORMULERING Die doel van hierdie studie is om die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe as kommunikasiekanaal binne Unisa te evalueer. 1.4 AANNAMES Die volgende aannames ten opsigte van die huidige status van die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe as kommunikasiekanaal aan Unisa gaan geverifieer en vergelyk word met die riglyne soos wat dit onder punt 3 uiteengesit word. Die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe word beskou as die belangrikste kommunikasiekanaal waardeur die Bestuur vinnig met alle Personeel gelyktydig kan kommunikeer. Die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe funksioneer nie optimaal nie. Personeel verkies Rektoraatsomsendskrywe in ten minste Afrikaans en Engels. Die uitleg van die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe voldoen nie aan die behoeftes van die personeel nie. 3 Te veel Rektoraatsomsendskrywe het gedurende 1995 verskyn, dit wil se oorlading het voorgekom. Die gedrukte formaat Rektoraatsomsendskrywe word verkies bo die Rektoraatsomsendskrywe in elektroniese formaat. Die verspreiding van sekere reekse Rektoraatsomsendskrywe aan sekere teikengroepe het tot gevolg dat inligting wat van toepassing is op alle personeel, slegs aan sekere groepe personeel gestuur word. Daar is nie konsekwentheid in die tipe inligting wat aan die verskillende teikengroepe gestuur word nie. / Communication Science / Unknown

A dissertation presented to the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Durban University of Technology in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, 2009 / Previously it was established that the majority of medical professions such as Orthopaedic surgeons, Neurosurgeons and Neurologists were not comfortable with the Chiropractic Profession. Changes have occurred since this perception was established so it was considered necessary to review the knowledge and perception of these three medical professions in order to ascertain any changes. Objectives The objectives were to establish the demographic factors of Orthopaedic surgeons, Neurosurgeons and Neurologists, whilst also establishing their current views and perceptions of the Chiropractic profession in South Africa in terms of their personal experience of Chiropractic, Chiropractic therapeutic efficacy, the Chiropractic scope of practice and inter-professional relations. Methods This prospective, qualitative questionnaire study required that all 478 Orthopaedic surgeons, 110 Neurosurgeons, and 101 Neurologists who were registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa at the time receive a questionnaire. Thus a total of 689 Questionnaires were sent out for completion. Results The overall views and perceptions of participating Orthopaedic surgeons, Neurosurgeons and Neurologists regarding Chiropractic has made a positive shift in favour of developing and potentially expanding relations between these professions and the Chiropractic profession. This has been shown by the increased confidence these professions have in the Chiropractic profession both in terms of effectiveness of Chiropractic treatment for neuromusculoskeletal and other conditions, as well as the increased rate of referral between these professions and Chiropractors.

Mini-dissertation in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2009. / Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between demographics of honourable members, their level of knowledge of and the perceptions of the chiropractic profession. Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was administered to 84 Health Portfolio Committee (HPC) members at their meetings as requested through the respective committee secretaries. The questionnaire was administered in a semi supervised fashion at the set meetings. Results: A response rate of 64% revealed that the mean knowledge score of 31.4% was relatively low. The mean perceptions score was 38.2%, indicating an overall negative perception of chiropractic amongst this population. Experience did indeed influence perceptions significantly (p=0.035) with those having consulted a chiropractor before having higher perceptions scores. No significant correlations existed between knowledge and perception and the demographic variables with the exception of ethnicity. This was enhanced by a weak statistically significant positive correlation between knowledge and perceptions score (r=0.394, p=0.004). The weak strength of the correlation shows that in general, as knowledge increased so did perceptions. Conclusion: Generally knowledge and perception of chiropractic was low in this population and seems to be influenced principally by the ethnicity / culture within which the honourable members operate (whether it is within the medical paradigm or their individual cultural orientation). Thus increasing the awareness and knowledge of chiropractic in this group may lead to more positive knowledge scores and perception levels.