Text in Afrikaans / Die ontwikkeling van 'n eiesoortige Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamennusiekidioom deur die stelselmatige assimilasie van inheemse musikale elemente uit Afrika-musiek in die oorspionklike Europese georienteerde kamermusiekgenre, het gelei tot die navorsing oor die historiese ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiek. 'n Oorsigtelike evaluasie van geselekteerde kamermusiekkomposisies word ingesluit. Bydraes deur besoekende-, immigrante of Suid-Afrikaanse komponiste moet aan die volgende kriteria voldoen, voordat die komposisies as verwysings kan kwalifiseer: (a) Die komposisies moet hoofsaaklik op Suid-Afrikaanse bodem gekomponeer wees. (b) Instrumentale kamernusiekkomposisies moet volledig en voltooid wees. ( c) Bogenoemde werke moet vir drie tot nege instrumentaliste geskryf wees. Die omruiling of afwisseling van instrumente deur die uitvoerende kunstenaars is in aanmerking geneem. Instrumentale kamermusiekkomposisies wat tydens hul studieperiode in die buiteland deur Suid-Afrikaanse komponiste gekomponeer is, is vanwee die selfverrykende proses en die voordeel wat Suid-Afrikaanse kamermusiek uit wedersydse kultuurwisseling getrek het, ingesluit. 'n Uitgebreide Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiekrepertorium van 512 komposisies vanaf 1890 tot 1990, sluit 365 gedateerde werke in. Die geredelike beskikbaarheid van kamermusiekinstrumente, musiekonderrigfasiliteite, asook die blootstelling aan plaaslike en internasionale instrumentale kamermusiekuitvoerings tydens konserte, huiskonserte of soirees in die voorbereidende fase (1652-1910), het 'n bevorderlike milieu vir die ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiek geskep. Eksteme beinvloeding deur ekonomiese, sosiologiese, militere, godsdienstige en politieke aktiwiteite het 'n beslissende rol in die ontwikkelingstempo van die SUid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiek gespeel. Evaluering van geselekteerde instrumentale kamermusiekkomposisies van 1890 tot 1990, word in 'n historiese konteks bespreek. Die ontplooiing van 'n egte Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiekidioom is op enkele parameters gabaseer: (a) Tematiese metamorfose (b) Tematiese frasestruktuur (c) Enkele kompositoriese tegnieke, exerpli gratia imitasie of direkte herhaling. Die bevordering van die Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamennusiek word tot die bydrae van belangrike instansies en enkele musiekverenigings beperk. In Volume 2 word die verblyftydperk van besoekende komponiste asook die immigrasie- of emigrasiedatums van komponiste aangerlui. Met die insluiting van 512 instrumentale kamermusiekkomposisies deur 139 amateur en professionele Suid-Afrikaanse of besoekende komponiste, is daar gepoog om belangrike biografiese besonderhede asook enkele bydrae deur die betrokke komponis tot die uitbreiding van Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamermusiek, in te sluit. Die chronologiese ordening van komposisies reflekteer die intense uitbreiding gedurende 1988 van die Suid-Afrikaanse instrumentale kamemusiekrepertorium. Addisionele inligting word in die bylae verstrek / An indigenous South African instrumental chamber music idiom development through assimilation of indigenous musical elements in the original Eurocentric orientated chamber nusic genre, by the cosmopolitan structure of South African composers led to research of historical development of South African instrumental chamber music. A synoptic evaluation of selected chamber music conpositions is included. Contributions from visiting, immigrating or South African composers had to comply with certain referential criteria: (a) Compositions must be composed mainly on South African soil. (b)Instrumental chamber music compositions must be complete and finished (c)Compositions must be composed for three to nine instrumentalists Changing or alternating of instruments by perfonning artists considered. Instrumental chamber music compositions created abroad by composers on Sabbatical are included due to the self-effacement afforded and advantages gained through mutual cultural interchange. The elaborate South African instrumental chamber music repertoire of 512 compositions from 1890 to 1990, includes 365 dated works. The availability of instruments, tuition facilities and exposure to national and inteniational perfornances through public concerts, private concerts or soirees, during the preparatory phase (1652-1910) created a favourable milieu for the developnent of chamber music. External influences such as economical, sociological, military, religious and political activities, played a determining role in the developmental tempo of South African instrumental chamber music. :Evaluation of selected instrumental chamber music compositions from 1890 to 1990 are discussed in an historical cont.ext. The evolution of an authentic South African instrumental chamber music idiom is based ona few parameters: (a)Thematic metamorphosis (b) Thematic phrase structure. (c) Certain composition techniques exempli gratia imitation or direct repetition. The promotion of South African instrumental chamber music is limited to the contributions of important organizations and music societies. In Volume 2 the period of sojourn of visiting composers as well as the inmigration and emigation dates of composers are indicated. With the enclosure of 512 compositions by 139 amateur or professional South African or visiting composers, it has been endeavoured to incorporate impotrant biographical details as well as some contributions of relevant composers. 'A chronological list of compositions reflects the extensive expansion of t.he South African instrumental chamber music repertoire during 1988. Additional information is supplied in the appendix / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / D.Mus. (Musiekwetenskap)

Research has been conducted in the genesis and development of formal education in the Eastern Moutse area within the context of formal education in South African schools. Various methods such as historical method, phenomenological method, metabletic method, comparative method, exemplaristic method, descriptive method and evaluation method have been followed whereby the development, over the years, of education in the area under review, was revealed. The authenticity of formal education as it evolved was evaluated by the use of Essence Structure Model (ESM). An attempt has been made to describe the education-essence-structure in its multifaceted complexity. These education-aim-essences have been used since time immemorial. It appeared that of all the essences, religiousness has the highest value. Other essences which are of equal status are: the ethical, the aesthetic, the economic, language and other essences of the ESM. In order for authentic education to take place, all the education aim structure essences must be accorded a rightful place in the education of a child towards adulthood. Throughout history, cultural groups have over and under-emphasised different essences in their efforts to educate the child towards adulthood. This effort was informed by a particular life-view or a philosophy oflife which was upheld by people of different cultural backgrounds. The need to restructure the curriculum in the Eastern Moutse area in such a way that it caters for a balanced recognition of all essences of the ESM has been discussed. Overemphasis of some essences at the expense of the others leads to an inauthentic way of existence. The aim of this research has been to conduct a historical survey and evaluation of formal education in the Eastern Moutse area as it evolved over the years from the missionary era until in the 1990s. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (History of Education)

Thesis (D. Th.)--University of South Africa, 2002.

This dissertation is a study of academic freedom, an issue which is regarded as a precondition for the university's successful execution of its task, namely the advancement and dissemination of knowledge. To understand what academic freedom really implies and entails, a historical review was undertaken of the various interpretations of academic freedom in the Medieval Italy and France, Imperial Germany, the late 19th century and the 20th century American and South African universities. As an ideal, academic freedom implies the free but responsible search for knowledge and truth. The historical review revealed, however, that academic freedom has at times been misunderstood and abused. The realisation of true academic freedom in South African universities was the motivating force behind this study. Therefore, this study is concluded with guidelines and recommendations grounded in the historical review that will hopefully promote academic freedom in South African universities. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (History of Education)

This dissertation focuses on the animated, charcoal, hand-drawn films of William Kentridge‟s Drawings for Projection series (1989—2003). At the beginning of this study, Kentridge‟s films are positioned as a dialectic of self and memory as embodied in a post-colonial South African setting. The series itself was selected as being representative of his artistic oeuvre. They are a closed-ended narrative, using a ground-breaking animation technique, created by the artist himself (Christov-Bakargiev 1998; Godby 1982). They were made by Kentridge during a specific South African cultural and historical period: beginning with Johannesburg, 2nd Greatest City after Paris, made in 1989 at the height of apartheid; through to Tide Table, made in 2003 at the beginning of post post-apartheid South Africa. The hypothesis presented is that Kentridge‟s films have memory as their main theme. Memory itself takes different forms, and the discourse of memory deals with, for instance: memorialisation; repressed memories; traumatic memories; the unconscious and memories; and “postmemory”. How he depicts memories of his own and those of others is at the centre of this research. Using qualitative research methodology, with contextualisation (socio-historical and cultural) and comparative studies (apartheid and the Holocaust; different artistic representations of memory, for example Pascal Croci and William Kentridge; and Anselm Kiefer and William Kentridge) being part of the research design, this thesis has sought to substantiate this hypothesis. Further substantiation and clarification has been expounded by referencing seminal works in the field, such as those of Sigmund Freud (1899: “screen memories”; 1917: trauerarbeit); Roland Barthes (1981: the punctum / spacio-temporal continuum); Pierre Nora (1989: “lieux de mémoiré” / “sites of memory”); Henri Raczymow (1994: “memoire trouée” / “memory shot through with holes”); Richard Terdiman (1993: poesis); Marianne Hirsch (1997: “postmemory”); and Hayden White (1996: historical metafiction); among others. There have already been numerous references to how William Kentridge has depicted the ephemeral nature of memory / memories (Boris 2001; Cameron, Christov-Bakargiev and Coetzee, 1999; Christov-Bakargiev 1998; Sitas 2001). However an in-depth, hermeneutic, comparative analysis has not yet been undertaken. This study is therefore significant in that it explicates William Kentridge‟s works, making the following contributions: to the scholarship on Kentridge‟s work; to a South African perspective to the growing field of trauma studies; and to the apartheid and post-apartheid reflections on re-remembering and forgetting, memorialisation, forgiveness and guilt. Through socio-cultural and historical comparisons as well as artistic contrasts, the films themselves are acknowledged as an important source of reference of South African society. They are a documentation of life lived during apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa. / Department of Communication Science / D.Litt. et Phil.

No description available.

Thesis (PhD)-- Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soil infertility and concomitant low levels of food security under conditions of population pressure and land scarcity have been, and still remain, one of society’s most daunting challenges. Over time, societies have tried to maximize the yield from the available land through the use of various fertilisers. In the 19th century in the midst of an environment infertility crisis, guano (bird dung) from the Peruvian coastal islands became, through a combination of factors, the international fertilizer of choice for most commercial farmers. As a result, a combination of natural factors, monopoly control and price manipulation contributed to the relative scarcity of the product. Nevertheless, strategic manoeuvring between the major players prevented any significant change in the supply regime. News of discoveries along the African coasts in the 1840s, some inside the territorial waters of the Cape Colony, introduced a new dimension to the trade. Both established merchant houses and new contenders strategised in an attempt to gain monopoly control. These events created new policy crises for the Cape Colony, the closest legal authority, and led to new policy and other initiatives in the absence of imperial precedents. The trade in guano also impacted on constitutional, political and scientific developments in the colony. Key amongst these was the struggle for monopoly control over both the Cape- and Ichaboe-based supply, which pitted individuals, family members and businesses against each other. The process became intertwined with political developments such as the transfer of political control from the Imperial authorities to the colonies. In addition, a coercive labour system developed under the colonial administration and colonial farmers struggled for fair access to the fertiliser, which added another dimension to the trade. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is ‘n noue verband tussen bevolkingsgetalle, oesopbrengs, voedselsekuriteiten die beskikbaarheid van voldoende bewerkbare landbougrond. Waar samelewings probleme ervaar met die gehalte van hul landbougrond, is daar heel dikwels ook lae vlakke van voedselsekuriteit en word daar gewoonlik ook ‘n onsekere van-die-hand-tot–die-mond bestaan gevoer. As ‘n teenvoeter vir hongersnood as gevolg van lae oesopbrengs, het uiteenlopende samelewings met verloop van tyd en na gelang van hulle natuurlike omstandighede, bepaalde bemestingstradisies ontwikkel in ‘n poging om ‘n volhoubare opbrengs te verseker. Gedurende die 19de eeu, het ghwanobemesting te midde van ‘n wêreldwye grondgehalte krisis, ongekende gewildheid onder winsgedrewe landbouers bereik en voorts ook daarin geslaag om ander vorme van bemesting soos beenmeel en kraalmis as voorkeur produkte te vervang. As gevolg van ‘n kombinasie van natuurlike faktore, monopoliebeheer oor die eiland-gebaseerde ghwanobron en prysmanipulasie, was die produk wataanvanklik net vanaf Peru in Suid Amerika ingevoer is, dus nie vrylik beskikbaar nie en moes belangstellende boere hoë pryse daarvoor betaal. Vanselfsprekend het dit tot groot frustrasie en ontsteltenis in die geledere van diegene wat ‘n belegging in kommersiële landbou wou maak, gelei. Die onderlinge politieke intriges, knoeiery en pogings van plaaslike en oorsese sakemanne om mekaar te uitoorlê in die soeke na alleenbeheer oor die beskikbare ghwanobronne, het sake nie juis verbeter nie. Inteendeel, die situasie het net vererger toe alternatiewe ghwano bronne langs die wes- en ooskus van Afrika sowel as op ‘n reeks ander eilande in die Atlantiese Oseaan ontdek is. Die ontdekking van ghwano binne die Kaapse gebeidswaters in die 19de eeu, het die owerhede met ’n beleidsdilemma waarvoor daar nie enige presedente in die Britse Ryk bestaan het nie gelaat. Daarbenewens was die kolonie te midde van heelparty konstitusionele en ander kwessies en het die toevoeging van die ghwanohandel die maatskaplike en politieke lewe van die kolonie wesenlik beïnvloed.

Thesis (DPhil (History))--University of Stellenbosch, 1946. / 409 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i- ix and numbered pages 1-445. Includes bibliography. / Digitized at 330 dpi black and white PDF format (OCR), using KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner. / No abstract available

Thesis (PhD.) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a biographical study of the life and contribution of Petrus Lafras Uys, a leading figure in the district of Uitenhage and later leader of the V oortrekkers. His actions are placed against the backdrop of the problems and grievances of the Afrikaner farmers in the districts of Swellendam and Uitenhage during the years 1815- 1837, and his interaction with other Voortrekker leaders after he had left the Cape Colony in 183 7 as leader of a Voortrekker party. Piet Uys, the son of Jacobus Johannes Uys and Susanna Margaretha Moolman, was christened in October 1797. He married his cousin, Alida Maria Uys, in the district of Swellendam in 1815. He settled in the ward Gamtoos River in the district of Uitenhage towards the end of 1825 or early in 1826. As an energetic Dutch farmer, the many grievances in connection with landownership contributed to his feelings of restlessness and dissatisfaction with his stay in the district of Uitenhage. The destabilization of the eastern borders and the conflict between white farmers and black groups led to feelings of insecurity. These feelings of insecurity became unbearable during the Sixth Border War of 1835 in which Uys fought honourably as field cornet. The requisitioning of horses, livestock and wagons by the government during this war and the lack of compensation, resulted in great financial losses for Uys and his family. Just as many other farmers, Piet Uys clashed with the government about the treatment of his slaves and labourers. The court case instituted against him and his wife by his indentured slave Rosina remained part of the complexity of grievances of the Uys family and friends for a considerable length of time. Piet Uys was one of the first frontier farmer leaders who showed an interest in the interior of the country as a possible establishment of a settlement. It is possible that he went on an expedition as early as 1829. Furthermore, Uys was also the organizer and leader of the well-known Reconnaissance Commission that undertook an expedition into Natal in September 1834. Uys left the district ofUitenhage as leader of a trek in April 1837, with the intention of emigrating to Natal. He was in conflict with the existing Voortrekker government and did not accept the governmental arrangements. Differences of opinion as to the route to be taken and the question of who should be the Voortrekker minister, became issues of conflict. Yet Uys did not hesitate to assist his fellow Voortrekkers in their hour of need. He also played a key role in the military. Thus it was that Uys, as eo-commander took part in the Campaign ofMarico against the Ndebele in November 1837. He was also, together with Hendrik Potgieter, commander of the punitive commando who set off against the Zulu in 183 8. During the Battle of Italeni, 11 April 183 8, Pi et Uys and his son, Dirk Comelis, were mortally wounded. After his death, his family and friends settled in Natal. Many members of his family held important positions in public life and in the military in Natal, and later in the Republic of South Africa. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif is 'n biogra:fiese studie oor die lewe en hydrae van Petrus Lafras Uys as leiersfiguur in die distrik Uitenhage en as latere Voortrekkerleier. Uys se optrede word geplaas teen die agtergrond van die probleme en griewe van die Afrikanerboere in die distrikte Swellendam en Uitenhage in die jare 1815-1837 en sy interaksie met ander Voortrekkerleiers nadat hy in 1837 die Kaapkolonie as leier van 'n trekgeselskap verlaat het. Piet Uys is in Oktober 1797 as 'n kind van Jacobus Johannes Uys en Susanna Margaretha Moolman gedoop. Hy is in 1815 in die distrik Swellendam met sy niggie, Alida Maria Uys, getroud. Hy het horn teen die einde van 1825 ofvroeg in 1826 in die wyk Gamtoosrivier van die distrik Uitenhage gevestig. As 'n energieke Afrikanerboer het verskeie griewe in verband met grondbesit tot Uys se gevoel van rusteloosheid en ontevredenheid met sy bestaan in die distrik Uitenhage bygedra. Die destabilisasie van die oosgrens en die konflik tussen blanke boere en swart groepe het tot 'n gevoel van onveiligheid by horn aanleiding gegee. Hierdie gevoel van onveiligheid het 'n hoogtepunt tydens die Sesde Grensoorlog van 1834- 1835 bereik. Uys het met onderskeiding as veldkornet aan die oorlog deelgeneem. Die opkommandering van perde, vee en waens deur die regering tydens die oorlog en die gebrek aan vergoeding daarvoor het veroorsaak dat Uys en sy familielede finansiele verliese gely het. Soos talle mede-grensboere het Piet Uys met die regering gebots oor die behandeling van sy slawe en arbeiders. Die hofsaak wat Uys se ingeboekte slavin, Rosina, teen horn en sy eggenote aanhangig gemaak het, het lank deel van die griewekompleks van die Uyse en hulle vriende gebly. Piet Uys was een van die eerste grensboerleiers wat 'n belangstelling in die binneland as 'n moontlike vestigingsplek getoon het. Hy het moontlik reeds in 1829 'n tog na die binneland onderneem. V erder was Uys die organiseerder en leier van die bekende verkenningskommissie wat in September 1834 'n tog na Natal onderneem het. Uys het in April 1837 as leier van 'n trek die distrik Uitenhage verlaat met die doel om na Natal te emigreer. Hy het in konflik met die bestaande Voortrekkerregering getree en nie die bestuursreelings aanvaar nie. V erskille oor die trekrigting en die Voortrekkerleraar het ook na vore getree. Tog het Uys nie geskroom om sy mede-emigrante in tye van nood te help nie en veral op militere gebied 'n groot rol gespeel. So byvoorbeeld het Uys as mede-bevelvoerder aan die Marico-veldtog teen die Ndebele in November 1837 deelgeneem. Piet Uys was ook saam met Hendrik Potgieter die mede-bevelvoerder van die strafkommando wat in April 1838 teen die Zulu uitgetrek het. In die slag van ltaleni op 11 April 1838 het Piet Uys en sy seun, Dirk Cornelis, die lewe gelaat. Na sy dood het sy vriende en familielede hulle in Natal gevestig. Verskeie van Uys se familielede het 'n vername rol in die openbare lewe en op militere gebied in Natal en later in die Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek gespeel.

Thesis (BEd)--Stellenbosch University, 1939. / INLEIDING: Die onderwys in Suid-Afrika het baie langsaam vooruitgegaan. Die Engelse Goeweneurs aan die Kaap was oor die algemeen onbekwaam en was buitendien so besig met politieke aangeleenthede dat hulle nouliks aandag kon gee a an die opvoeding. Daarom is dit dadelik opvallend wanneer ons 'n Goewaneur kry wat ook vir die geestelike belange van die bevolking 'n ope oog gehad het. So 'n Goeweneur was Sir George Grey, 'n man wat besonder bevoeg was en wat in alle rigtings baie vir Suid-Afrika gedoen het.